A New Path to Address Multimorbidity? Longitudinal Analyses of Retirement Sequences and Chronic Diseases in Old Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110310
Author(s):  
Esteban Calvo ◽  
Ariel Azar ◽  
Robin Shura ◽  
Ursula M. Staudinger
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Retirement Study

Chronic disease and multimorbidity are growing health challenges for aging populations, often coinciding with retirement. We examine late-life predictors of multimorbidity, focusing on the association between retirement sequences and number of chronic diseases. We modeled the number of chronic diseases as a function of six types of previously identified 10-year retirement sequences using Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data for 7,880 Americans observed between ages 60 to 61 and 70 to 71. Our results show that at baseline, the adjusted prevalence of multimorbidity was lowest in sequences characterized by late retirement from full-time work and highest in sequences characterized by early labor-force disengagement. Age increases in multimorbidity varied across retirement sequences, though overall differences in prevalence persisted at age 70 to 71. Earlier life disadvantages did not moderate these associations. Findings suggest further investigation of policies that target health limitations affecting work, promote continued beneficial employment opportunities, and ultimately leverage retirement sequences as a novel path to influence multimorbidity in old age.

The Relationship between Work-Specific and Generalized Stress and Alcohol and Marijuana Use among Recent Entrants to the Labor Force

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Johnson ◽  
Helene Raskin White
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Force Data

This study examined changes in alcohol and marijuana use and problem in relation to the transition into full-time work, and the effects of work-related and generalized stress among a group of recent entrants to the labor force. Data were obtained from a sample of males and females who were originally interviewed when they were eighteen years old and followed up twice more at three year intervals. We hypothesized that those who transit into and maintain a full-time job will not increase their level of consumption if they find the job to be the “right fit.” The data indicated that when age, gender, and marital status were controlled, there were few significant effects of the transition to full-time work on use measures. Data from this study provided evidence of a stronger role for generalized stress over that of work-specific stress in predicting changes in drug use in young adulthood.

Are “Involuntary” Part-Time Workers Indeed Involuntary?

ILR Review ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie S. Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Probit Models ◽  
Labor Statistics ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Bureau Of Labor Statistics

Theoretically, those classified by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as involuntary part-time workers are individuals who would like to work full-time but have been unable to obtain full-time employment. To empirically test the accuracy of that definition, the author employs simple probit models of employment preferences and employment opportunities estimated with data from the March 1990 Current Population Survey. The results confirm that those classified as involuntary part-time workers were indeed employed part-time “involuntarily.” Furthermore, those classified as involuntary part-time workers in 1990 were at least 50% more likely to be in the full-time labor force in 1991 than were those who were classified as voluntary part-time workers in 1990.

scholarly journals The Affordable Care Act as retiree health insurance: implications for retirement and Social Security claiming

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN L. GUSTMAN ◽  
THOMAS L. STEINMEIER ◽  
NAHID TABATABAI
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Difference Analysis ◽  
Retirement Expectations ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Work ◽  
The Affordable Care Act ◽  
Retirement Study

This paper investigates the effects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on retirement. The first part of the paper is a difference-in-difference analysis of changes in retirement (and retirement expectations) before and after adoption of the ACA. We find no statistically significant evidence that ACA increased the propensity to retire or changed retirement expectations. The second part of the analysis is based on a structural retirement model. For those age 50 at the time ACA was introduced, the overall reduction in full-time work over the age span 54–65 is simulated to be about 0.1 percentage points. Data are from the Health and Retirement Study.

scholarly journals Relationship between chronic diseases and diet in older persons in nursing homes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melahat Kizil ◽  
Kamile Nazan Turhan ◽  
Ramazan Kizil ◽  
Nursun Ustunkarli
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Older People ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to determine the relationship between chronic diseases and nutrition in the older adults in a nursing home. In 2014 and 2019, we investigated older people aged 60 years and over living in a nursing home in Izmir and who agreed to participate and could perform self-care. A 26-item questionnaire that focuses on sociodemographic, socioeconomic and chronic disease characteristics, and the Turkish version of Mini Nutritional Assessment Test-Short Form were applied using the face-to-face method. In 2014, 68.9% of the older had no malnutrition risk, 23% had malnutrition risk, and 8.1% had malnutrition. The women had a higher malnutrition risk and actual malnutrition than men (P<0.05). Malnutrition was most common in 75-84 years of age. In 2019, 41.6% of the older had malnutrition risk, whereas 7.8% had actual malnutrition. No difference was found between malnutrition and malnutrition risk, between women and men and between age and sex (P>0.05). At both times, malnutrition risk increased in those with chronic disease (P<0.05). At least one chronic disease (high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, etc.) was found in 67.6% of the older. Meanwhile, 70.1% had been previously hospitalized for some reason. Malnutrition risk increases with old age. An adequate and well-balanced diet is important for protecting health and increasing longevity and quality of life in old age. Older people and nursing home employees need to be trained on the relationship and risks of chronic disease and malnutrition.

scholarly journals From Snapshots to Movies: The Association Between Retirement Sequences and Aging Trajectories in Limitations to Perform Activities of Daily Living

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Azar ◽  
Ursula M. Staudinger ◽  
Andrea Slachevsky ◽  
Ignacio Madero-Cabib ◽  
Esteban Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Matching Models ◽  
Retirement Study

Objective: This study analyzes the dynamic association between retirement sequences and activities of daily living (ADLs) trajectories between ages 60 and 70. Method: Retirement sequences previously established for 7,880 older Americans from the Health and Retirement Study were used in hierarchical linear and propensity score full matching models, analyzing their association with ADL trajectories. Results: Sequences of partial retirement from full- or part-time jobs showed higher baseline and slower decline in ADL than sequences characterized by early labor force disengagement. Discussion: The conventional model in which people completely retire from a full-time job at normative ages and the widely promoted new conventional model of late retirement are both associated with better functioning than early labor force disengagement. But unconventional models, where older adults keep partially engaged with the labor force are also significantly associated with better functioning. These findings call attention to more research on potential avenues to simultaneously promote productive engagement and health later in life.

Short-Term Employment Transitions of Women in the Israeli Labor Force

ILR Review ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haya Stier
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Market Institutions ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Employment Transitions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Full Time Employment

Using data on Jewish Israeli women aged 25 to 55, the author examines patterns and determinants of women's transitions among four employment categories: regular full-time employment, reduced-hours full-time employment, part-time employment, and non-employment. Israeli women are not trapped in part-time employment. Departures from reduced-hour and part-time employment occur at higher rates than departures from full-time jobs. Women who have just given birth have an increased likelihood of moving from full-time employment to reduced-hour or part-time employment. Women in female-type occupations and those in “peripheral” jobs (jobs outside core industries) are more likely than other women to reduce their work hours or exit the labor force. The author argues that although part-time work is a valuable short-term option for many women, in the long run it preserves labor market institutions that are disadvantageous to women.

Exploring Workforce Participation Patterns and Chronic Diseases Among Middle-Aged Australian Men and Women Over the Life Course

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tazeen Majeed ◽  
Peta M. Forder ◽  
Gita Mishra ◽  
Hal Kendig ◽  
Julie E. Byles
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Workforce Participation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Work ◽  
The Life Course

Objective: This study identified associations between chronic diseases (diabetes, asthma, depression, and arthritis) and workforce participation patterns with a gendered perspective. Method: We used data from 1,261 middle-aged participants of the Australian Life Histories and Health (LHH) Survey, aged 60 to 64 years in 2011. Latent class analysis identified dominant workforce patterns and associations between chronic diseases and these patterns were explored by multinomial regression models. Results: Diabetes, asthma, depression, and arthritis were less prevalent in men and women in class “mostly full-time work,” compared with other workforce patterns. The odds of “mostly full-time work” were lower for men reporting depression or arthritis, whereas among women, depression was associated with “increasing part-time work” after adjusting early and adult life factors. Discussion: The results strengthen the importance of gender focused policies aimed to promote and preserve health of young and middle-aged workers, and creating supportive environment for those with chronic health issues over the life course.

Diet and healthy ageing

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigid McKevith
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
Dietary Components

In the future there will be more people aged 65 years and over ('older adults'). Although the exact mechanisms underlying normal ageing are not fully understood, ageing is generally associated with an increase in chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and osteoporosis. It is becoming clear that it is possible to prevent, slow or reverse the onset of many these by modifying lifestyle factors such as diet. Studies of older adults in a range of countries have highlighted a number of areas in which dietary quality could be improved. It is important to identify dietary patterns in addition to specific dietary components that offer protection against chronic disease. The challenge in the area of diet and healthy ageing is twofold: first, there is a need to improve the diet of older adults; and second, as most chronic diseases begin earlier in life, there is a need to encourage other age groups to adapt their diet so they can enter old age in better health.

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