Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Later Life: Exploring Rural/Urban and Gender Differences Using CHARLS

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110647
Author(s):  
Keqing Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Family Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
And Gender

This paper aims to examine whether and how adverse childhood experiences are associated with mild cognitive impairment among middle-aged and older adults in China, and if the associations vary by gender and rural/urban residence. Using four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, cox proportional hazard models were applied. Results showed that the rural and female subsamples were significantly disadvantaged and were more likely to be cognitively impaired. Moreover, childhood family socioeconomic status and childhood social relationships were significantly associated with the risk of mild cognitive impairment for the study sample. Our findings suggest that, for middle-aged and older Chinese adults, adverse childhood experiences could have long-lasting impacts on cognitive functioning throughout the life course.

scholarly journals Relationship between childhood socioeconomic position and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs): a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Walsh ◽  
Gerry McCartney ◽  
Michael Smith ◽  
Gillian Armour
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background‘Adverse childhood experiences’ (ACEs) are associated with increased risk of negative outcomes in later life: ACEs have consequently become a policy priority in many countries. Despite ACEs being highly socially patterned, there has been very little discussion in the political discourse regarding the role of childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) in understanding and addressing them. The aim here was to undertake a systematic review of the literature on the relationship between childhood SEP and ACEs.MethodsMEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were: (1) measurement of SEP in childhood; (2) measurement of multiple ACEs; (3) ACEs were the outcome; and (4) statistical quantification of the relationship between childhood SEP and ACEs. Search terms included ACEs, SEP and synonyms; a second search additionally included ‘maltreatment’. Overall study quality/risk of bias was calculated using a modified version of the Hamilton Tool.ResultsIn the ACEs-based search, only 6 out of 2825 screened papers were eligible for qualitative synthesis. The second search (including maltreatment) increased numbers to: 4562 papers screened and 35 included for synthesis. Eighteen papers were deemed ‘high’ quality, five ‘medium’ and the rest ‘low’. Meaningful statistical associations were observed between childhood SEP and ACEs/maltreatment in the vast majority of studies, including all except one of those deemed to be high quality.ConclusionLower childhood SEP is associated with a greater risk of ACEs/maltreatment. With UK child poverty levels predicted to increase markedly, any policy approach that ignores the socioeconomic context to ACEs is therefore flawed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017064781.

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later-life depression: perceived social support as a potential protective factor

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e013228 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Von Cheong ◽  
Carol Sinnott ◽  
Darren Dahly ◽  
Patricia M Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later-life depressive symptoms; and to explore whether perceived social support (PSS) moderates these.MethodWe analysed baseline data from the Mitchelstown (Ireland) 2010–2011 cohort of 2047 men and women aged 50–69 years. Self-reported measures included ACEs (Centre for Disease Control ACE questionnaire), PSS (Oslo Social Support Scale) and depressive symptoms (CES-D). The primary exposure was self-report of at least one ACE. We also investigated the effects of ACE exposure by ACE scores and ACE subtypes abuse, neglect and household dysfunction. Associations between each of these exposures and depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic factors. We tested whether the estimated associations varied across levels of PSS (poor, moderate and strong).Results23.7% of participants reported at least one ACE (95% CI 21.9% to 25.6%). ACE exposures (overall, subtype or ACE scores) were associated with a higher odds of depressive symptoms, but only among individuals with poor PSS. Exposure to any ACE (vs none) was associated with almost three times the odds of depressive symptoms (adjusted OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.64 to 4.95) among individuals reporting poor PSS, while among those reporting moderate and strong PSS, the adjusted ORs were 2.21 (95% CI 1.52 to 3.22) and 1.39 (95% CI 0.85 to 2.29), respectively. This pattern of results was similar when exposures were based on ACE subtype and ACE scores, though the interaction was clearly strongest among those reporting abuse.ConclusionsACEs are common among older adults in Ireland and are associated with higher odds of later-life depressive symptoms, particularly among those with poor PSS. Interventions that enhance social support, or possibly perceptions of social support, may help reduce the burden of depression in older populations with ACE exposure, particularly in those reporting abuse.

scholarly journals Multidimensional cognitive impairment in unipolar and bipolar depression and the moderator effect of adverse childhood experiences

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Poletti ◽  
Veronica Aggio ◽  
Silvia Brioschi ◽  
Sara Dallaspezia ◽  
Cristina Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals The Effects of Childhood Circumstances on Health in Middle and Later Life: Evidence From China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Tao ◽  
Rong Shao ◽  
Yuanjia Hu
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Relationship

Background: This study examined the relationship between childhood circumstances and health in middle and later life. We quantified how childhood circumstances contribute to health in later life, both directly and indirectly, through their effects on potential mediators.Methods: This study used three waves of data from the national longitudinal survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The final model in this study included 7,476 eligible respondents aged 45 years and above. We constructed a simple health status measure based on the first principal component of CHARLS survey responses with 25 health-related information. It is a multi-dimensional measurement that comprehensively reflects the individual's healthy aging. We formulated childhood circumstances factors into five domains: childhood health and nutrition, childhood socioeconomic status, access to health care, parental genetics, and adverse childhood experiences. Ordered logit regression was conducted to analyze the relationship between health in middle and later life and childhood circumstances, with other explanatory variables controlled.Results: Controlling for educational attainment, personal income, and health status in the last wave, adults who experience good childhood health (poor as the base, coefficient 0.448, p < 0.01), and better family financial status (worse as the base, coefficient 0.173, p < 0.01) have significantly better health during their middle and later life, in comparison, being inconvenient to visit a doctor (coefficient −0.178, p < 0.01), and having two or three adverse childhood experiences (0 as the base, coefficient −0.148, p < 0.01) are significantly associated with poorer health. Childhood circumstances appear to act both through a lasting effect of initial health and financial status in childhood and through their impact on achievements in adulthood.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that investments in health during childhood not only contribute to health in later life but also dynamically improve an individual's educational attainment and personal income, as well as other life prospects. All these returns may extend far beyond childhood and continue throughout the lifespan.

Adverse Childhood Experiences: Are They Associated With Greater Risk of Elder Abuse Victimization?

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110283
Author(s):  
Mengtong Chen ◽  
Yuanyuan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Original Family

Though a growing number of studies have examined the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and negative later-life health outcomes, the effects of these early life-course factors on elder abuse victimization have yet to be fully investigated. Using a life-course perspective, this study examines the associations between ACEs and elder abuse victimization. We used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Beijing, China. A total of 1,002 older adults were included in this study. Retrospective self-report items were used to measure ACEs and elder abuse victimization in later life. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to examine the associations between ACEs and elder abuse victimization. Five types of ACEs (i.e., socio-economic difficulty of the original family, parental divorce, frequent quarrels between parents, frequent physical punishment by parents, and starvation) were associated with a higher risk of elder abuse victimization. After controlling for participants’ socio-demographic characteristics and adding these five types of ACEs simultaneously in the multivariate regression model, the poor socio-economic status of the original family (OR = 1.759, p < .05) and suffering frequent physical punishment inflicted by parents (OR = 2.288, p < .05) were found to be significantly associated with elder abuse victimization. To have multiple (at least 4) ACEs is a risk factor for elder abuse victimization as well (OR = 3.06, p < .001). This study provides evidence for ACEs as risk factors for elder abuse victimization. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening our understanding of the impacts of ACEs in both research and practice.

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