Will Millennials Drive Less as the Economy Recovers: A Postrecession Analysis of Automobile Travel Patterns

2020 ◽  
pp. 0739456X2091170
Author(s):  
Kailai Wang ◽  
Gulsah Akar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Vehicle Miles Traveled ◽  
Residential Location Choice ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Automobile Travel

Personal vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in the United States has seen a dip from 2004 to 2014, owing to the recent economic recession. News reports and academic articles relate this change to Millennials’ (those born in the last two decades of the twentieth century) travel patterns. Some researchers argue that the existing mobility patterns of Millennials may not persist as the U.S. economy fully recovers from the Great Recession. This study examines the changes in automobile travel patterns across generations. The empirical study builds on three most recent nationwide travel surveys. Research results reveal that residential location choice and life course events have stronger associations with Millennials’ automobility travel patterns than those of Gen Xers. We also find as personal wealth increases, the Millennials generation will not increase auto mileage as much as the preceding generations. Analyzing the driving distances by trip purposes while accounting for the differences between weekdays and weekends offers timely insights on formulating effective policy provisions for specific periods or planning targets.

scholarly journals Recovering from The Great Recession: A Comparative Analysis of the Nature and Effectiveness of Global Reactionary Policy to the 2008 Financial Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Evan Truscott
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis

The 2008 'subprime' financial crisis caused intense economic recession and instability on an international scale, creating the need for immediate reactionary and interventionist policy from most governments. With a wealth of large-scale dedicated studies to this specific topic emerging in recent years, we have a unique opportunity to synthesize these findings in a way that could indicate potential effective policy actions. This paper intends to identify, categorize and compare an array of policies enacted by utilizing a specific cross section of nations similar in political culture (Australia, New Zealand, and Canada), in an attempt to broadly asses and isolate global trends of reactionary policy-making and the effectiveness of these policies, in nations of comparable institutions, over a relatively small time frame.

A Quick End to a Long Story: Networks and Mexican Migration during the Great Recession

2019 ◽  
Vol 684 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
Ricardo Mora Téllez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican Migration ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Household Members

During times of economic recession, migrants face long periods of unemployment or underemployment in destination countries. This information is transmitted to migrant-sending households via networks that link communities of origin and destination, letting potential migrants know that if they were to migrate they would likely experience low and unstable earnings, and that remittances normally expected from international migration might be placed at risk. In this event, there are few incentives for other household members to migrate. This study examines the effect that information sent through networks during recessionary times has in reducing the likelihood of out-migration, thereby explaining why Mexico-U.S. migration fell so suddenly with the onset of the Great Recession in the United States.

scholarly journals Unequal Social Protection under the Federalist System: Three Unemployment Insurance Approaches in the United States, 2007–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
YU-LING CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Social

AbstractDespite the increased attention paid to federal-state unemployment insurance (UI) schemes after the Great Recession (2007–2009), research examining the policy characteristics and the underlying logic shaping the social protection provided by a federal-state UI system is limited. Integrating the perspectives of policy design theory, comparative welfare politics, and fiscal welfare, this paper examines the unequal social protection under the American UI system during and after the Great Recession. By using model-based cluster analysis and fixed-effect panel regression models, this paper identifies three distinct UI approaches, i.e. the limited social protection approach, the unbalanced social protection approach, and the balanced social protection approach. The policy choices made by those states that follow the three approaches reflect different mixtures of policy logic, including social protection, economic stabilization, work disincentives, and interstate competition. The overall downward trend in social protection signals that the American UI system is under-prepared for the next economic recession, thereby exposing unemployed workers to the risk of economic insecurity. These findings provide implications for future policy designs aiming to strengthen the social protection of the federal-state UI system.

The Distribution and Evolution of Physical Neighborhood Problems during the Great Recession

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Allen
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Locational Attainment ◽  
Neighborhood Problems ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Research Findings

While the Great Recession had clear effects on economic growth, unemployment, and household wealth and earnings in the United States, it also likely affected the quality of neighborhoods. Situated in the literature on locational attainment and economic shocks, this research considers how a national economic crisis affects physical neighborhood problems and existing disparities between minority and white households in experiencing these problems (e.g., street disrepair, trash, abandoned buildings, window bars). Results indicate that neighborhood problems increased between 2005 and 2009 and large and persistent disparities existed between some minority groups and white non–Hispanics in experiencing these problems, even after controlling for potentially confounding factors. However, there is little support for the idea that disparities between minorities and white non–Hispanics in experiencing neighborhood problems increased during this time. These research findings suggest that large and pervasive shocks, such as an economic recession, can influence locational attainment by changing neighborhood quality in absolute terms but may not affect the relative hierarchy of place.

scholarly journals Examining Low-Income Single-Mother Families’ Experiences with Family Benefit Packages during and after the Great Recession in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Yu-Ling Chang ◽  
Chi-Fang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Single Mothers ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Vulnerable Families

The recent economic recession triggered by the global pandemic has renewed scholarly interest in the role of social welfare systems in supporting economically vulnerable families when they experience employment instability. This article unpacks the patterns of the cash and in-kind components of the monthly family benefit packages that US low-income single mothers accessed during and after the Great Recession. We used the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation and an innovative analytic procedure involving family benefit package plots, group-based trajectory modeling, and logistic regression modeling. We found that low-income single mothers more often used in-kind basic-needs packages and less often used packages that bundle a cash benefit or a childcare subsidy, regardless of their dynamic employment status. Our findings challenge the effectiveness of the US work-based welfare system in ensuring the economic security of economically vulnerable families and contribute to the policy discussions on unconditional basic income and President Biden’s American Families Plan.

Science, Politics, and the Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (820) ◽  
pp. 303-309
Author(s):  
J. Nicholas Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
The Uk

Comparing the virus responses in Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States shows that in order for scientific expertise to result in effective policy, rational political leadership is required. Each of these three countries is known for advanced biomedical research, yet their experiences in the COVID-19 pandemic diverged widely. Germany’s political leadership carefully followed scientific advice and organized public–private partnerships to scale up testing, resulting in relatively low infection levels. The UK and US political responses were far more erratic and less informed by scientific advice—and proved much less effective.

The Development of an Online Tobacco Tracker Tool to Crowdsource Campus Environmental Reports for Smoke and Tobacco Free College Policies: A Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina F. Loureiro ◽  
Kim M. Pulvers ◽  
Melissa M. Gosdin ◽  
Keavagh R. Clift ◽  
Myra J. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Policy Enforcement ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Online Tracking ◽  
One Year

BACKGROUND College campuses in the United States have begun implementing Smoke and Tobacco-Free policies to discourage the use of tobacco. Smoke and Tobacco-Free policies, however, are contingent upon effective policy enforcement. OBJECTIVE To develop an empirically-derived online tracking tool (Tracker) for crowdsourcing campus environmental reports of tobacco use and waste to support smoke and tobacco-free college policies. METHODS An exploratory sequential mixed methods approach was utilized to inform the development and evaluation of the Tracker. In October 2018, three focus groups across two California universities were conducted and themes were analyzed, guiding Tracker development. After one year of implementation, users were asked in April 2020 to complete a survey about their experience. RESULTS In the focus groups, two major themes emerged: barriers and facilitators to tool utilization. Further Tracker development was guided by focus group input to address these barriers (e.g. information, policing, and logistical concerns) and facilitators (e.g. environmental motivators, positive reinforcement). Amongst 1,163 Tracker reports, those who completed the user survey (n=316) reported the top motivations to using the tool were having a cleaner environment (79%) and health concerns (69%). CONCLUSIONS Environmental concerns, a motivator which emerged in focus groups, shaped the Tracker’s development and was cited by the majority of users surveyed as a top motivator for utilization.

Precarious Work and Young Workers in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne L. Kalleberg
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Us ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
And Training

This chapter discusses how the growth of precarious work and the polarization of the US labor market have produced major problems for the employment experiences of young workers. A prominent indicator of young workers’ difficulties in the labor market has been the sharp increase in their unemployment rates since the Great Recession. Another, equally if not more severe, problem faced by young workers today is the relatively low quality of the jobs that they were able to get. Other problems include the exclusion of young workers from the labor market and from education and training opportunities; the inability to find jobs that utilize their education, training, and skills; and the inability to obtain jobs that provide them with an opportunity to get a foothold in a career that would lead to progressively better jobs and thus be able to construct career narratives.

Disruptive Soft Law and Post-Crisis US Reform

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham L. Newman ◽  
Elliot Posner
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Interaction

Chapter 6 examines the long-term effects of international soft law on policy in the United States since 2008. The extent and type of post-crisis US cooperation with foreign jurisdictions have varied considerably with far-reaching ramifications for international financial markets. Focusing on the international interaction of reforms in banking and derivatives, the chapter uses the book’s approach to understand US regulation in the wake of the Great Recession. The authors attribute seemingly random variation in the US relationship to foreign regulation and markets to differences in pre-crisis international soft law. Here, the existence (or absence) of robust soft law and standard-creating institutions determines the resources available to policy entrepreneurs as well as their orientation and attitudes toward international cooperation. Soft law plays a central role in the evolution of US regulatory reform and its interface with the rest of the world.

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