Understanding the (Sub)Baccalaureate Origins of Latina/o Doctorates in Education, Humanities, and Social Science Fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-133
Author(s):  
Frank Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Private Colleges ◽  
Public Colleges ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Colleges And Universities ◽  
American Society ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Data from the 1980s suggested that small private colleges were the primary entry point to U.S. higher education for Latinas and Latinos who later earned doctorate degrees. However, I show that in the first decade of the 21st century, large percentages of doctorates originated at public universities and community colleges. I suggest that since the 1980s, we may have witnessed a shift in Latina and Latino higher education trajectories, which fits a larger historical pattern in American society—whereby women, racial, ethnic, and religious groups were once excluded but over time made their way into mainstream public education. At a time when public colleges and universities are responding to budget cuts and policy changes by becoming less accessible to low-income and minority students, policy makers should consider the importance of a well-funded, accessible public sector of higher education for preparing the next generation of Latina and Latino scholars.

scholarly journals Early Marriage as a Determinant of Poverty in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-119
Author(s):  
Adenuga Adekoya ◽  
◽  
Gbenro Sokunbi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Long Run

A greater percentage of women in developing countries married before their 18th birthday. Early marriage serves as a threat to a child's future development. This is because it is difficult to have access to quality education and higher education, and it limits the ability to secure a good job. Also, girls involved in early marriage face acute poverty conditions. This research examined the link between early marriage and poverty in Nigeria. Annual data is sourced from 1970 to 2017. Granger causality is used to determine the nature of causality. Autoregressive Distributed Lagged Model is further used to estimate the data. The result showed that a bi-directional Granger causality exists between early marriage and poverty as well as for low-income and early marriage. In the long-run estimation, early marriage, secondary education and low-income increase poverty. Also, social welfare and access to credit facilities reduce poverty. The policy makers are therefore encouraged to improve social welfare for girls in early marriage and provide easy access to credit facilities for them to pursue higher education or entrepreneurship skills, in a bid to gradually move them out of poverty.

Enterprise Model

2011 ◽  
pp. 932-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Lowenthal ◽  
John W. White
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Public Colleges ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Enterprise Model ◽  
Public Colleges And Universities ◽  
Administrative Structures

Institutions of higher education find themselves in precarious times. First, they are being expected to do more with less; most public colleges and universities are finding their budgets cut each year (Krupnick, 2008; Lyndsey, 2007; Will, 2003). As a result, many universities are attempting to save money by increasingly relying on adjunct faculty to teach courses (Finder, 2007). Second, technological change has forced colleges and universities to change the way they do business; specifically, to remain competitive and meet market demands, colleges and universities are offering more courses online each year. In the fall of 2005, an estimated 3.2 million students took at least one online course—800,000 more than during the previous year (Allen & Seaman, 2006). Enrollments are increasing by an estimated 33% per year (Tallent-Runnels et al., 2006). Third, in the age of standards and accountability, colleges and universities must account for student learning in ways like never before (Lederman, 2007). As a result of changes like these, colleges and universities are experimenting with types of organizational and administrative structures and business models that differ significantly from those used in the past. One such model, called the Enterprise Model, is described in this chapter.

scholarly journals Engaging youth in alcohol policy: The Lee Law Project

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
James F. Mosher ◽  
Maia E. D’Andrea
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
State Law ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Liquor Stores ◽  
Liquor Store ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Mosher, J., & D’Andrea, M. (2015). Engaging youth in alcohol policy: The Lee Law Project. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 113-118. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.206Aims: (1) Conduct a pilot project to test the effectiveness of a youth development “toolkit” designed to reduce youth exposure tosignage on liquor store windows; (2) Highlight the disparity in violation rates of a state law limiting window signage on liquorstore windows between low income communities of color and higher income, predominantly Anglo communities.Design: Pilot project/case study. Participating young people, working with adult coaches, photographed liquor store windows inthree communities and determined level of compliance with state law limiting liquor store window signage to 33 percent of totalwindow area and requiring clear view of cash register area in the store.Setting: Three communities in Santa Cruz County, California, with diverse income and racial/ethnic compositions.Participants: 71 liquor stores.Measures: Compliance rates of participating liquor stores with state law limiting the amount and placement of window signage.Findings: Low income, predominantly Latino community had significantly lower compliance rates than two nearby higherincome, Anglo communities. Youth participants successfully engaged community organizations and policy makers in advocatingfor voluntary compliance.Conclusions: The toolkit provides a promising model for engaging youth in alcohol policy reform and reducing youth exposureto liquor store signage.

Book Reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1008
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
College Student ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Public Colleges ◽  
Urban Institute ◽  
Public Colleges And Universities ◽  
Higher Education Costs

Sandy Baum of The Urban Institute reviews “The Impoverishment of the American College Student,” by James V. Koch. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Explores the reasons for increasing higher education costs, focusing on four-year public colleges and universities in the United States.”

Attendance Spillovers between Public and For-Profit Colleges: Evidence from Statewide Variation in Appropriations for Higher Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-456
Author(s):  
Sarena Goodman ◽  
Alice Henriques Volz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Public Colleges ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Institutional Resources ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Public Colleges And Universities ◽  
New Evidence

Between 2000 and 2010, U.S. public colleges and universities experienced widespread and uneven changes in funding from state and local appropriations. We find that over this period annual decreases in statewide appropriations led to lower public enrollment and higher for-profit enrollment (with no effect on enrollment overall), as well as increased student borrowing. In an analysis of mechanisms, we detect effects on spending, tuition, and capacity in the public sector. Altogether, the results reveal that core institutional resources affect the types of schools that students attend and yield new evidence of substitution between the public and for-profit sectors.

scholarly journals Performance-Based Funding: Equity Analysis of Funding Distribution among State Universities

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Robin Ann Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Funding ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Funding Equity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Performance Based Funding ◽  
Performance Accountability ◽  
Public Colleges And Universities ◽  
Funding Distribution

<p>How to finance higher education remains controversial among policy makers and constituencies across the United States. Texas is not exempt from the controversy. With increasingly strained state finances, institutions of higher education and the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) have come under pressure to increase performance accountability, efficiency, and competitiveness. In Texas, House Bill 9 (H.B. 9) was enacted in 2011 to dedicate a portion of state funding to public colleges and universities that meet specific performance-based standards. Although H.B. 9 has been passed and signed into law, it still has not been determined how funding will be distributed or how effective it will be. This paper analyzes data from several states with similar performance-based funding standards to help bring to light to the possible effects H.B. 9 will have on Texas’ public four-year universities.</p>

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Hanson-Liethen Sliding Scale Cost Recovery Model for College Tuition: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Michael T. Miller ◽  
Everrett A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Public Colleges ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
Sliding Scale ◽  
Public Colleges And Universities

Public colleges and universities rely increasingly on tuition to subsidize their operations, and how they price their tuition is important for many reasons, including who can access higher education, the financial stability of the institution, what labor costs can be paid, etc. In the early-1970’s, two scholars created a sliding scale for tuition pricing based on the assumption of state-citizenship. As costs have risen in higher education and public subsidies have not grown, there is a need to reconsider some of these tuition pricing models and to examine their potential to secure the financial stability of public higher education. Through an analysis of tax-related and tuition pricing data, the current analysis identified that the Hanson-Liethen sliding scale model does have several distinct advantages over the incremental-based tuition pricing at one case study institution, but that the model did not return significantly more money to the institution, thus, not providing a strong rationale for the model’s adoption at the case study institution.

scholarly journals Hunger in Higher Education: Experiences and Correlates of Food Insecurity among Wisconsin Undergraduates from Low-Income Families

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Broton ◽  
Kari Weaver ◽  
Minhtuyen Mai
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Public Colleges And Universities ◽  
Higher Education Experiences

There is growing awareness that a substantial share of undergraduates are food insecure, potentially undermining investments in higher education and hindering upward social mobility. This mixed-methods paper uses survey and interview data from low-income students at 42 public colleges and universities in Wisconsin to illuminate the day-to-day experiences of food insecurity and examine how food security status varies across background characteristics. Results indicate that students who grew up in food insecure homes, self-identify as a racial/ethnic minority, live off-campus, and attend college in an urban area are significantly more likely to report the lowest level of food security, often associated with hunger. Students explain that challenges stemming from the interrelationship of lack of time and inadequate money are their biggest barriers to food security. Most rely on friends or family for support, but few students draw on the social safety net, in part due to eligibility restrictions. In recognition of the diversity of students’ experiences, we discuss the need for a multi-faceted response to promote food security and student success.

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