The Impact of a Localized Antidrug Media Campaign on Targeted Variables Associated with Adolescent Drug Use

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen J. Kelly ◽  
Randall C. Swaim ◽  
Jeffrey C. Wayman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Campaign ◽  
Adolescent Drug Use ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Twelfth Grade ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

The authors report a study designed to determine whether antidrug campaigns that have been localized can affect variables associated with adolescent drug use. An experiment was conducted with sets of matched communities with populations between 5000 and 30,000 distributed throughout the United States. Seventh- through twelfth-grade students in experimental communities were exposed to a year-long media campaign followed by a survey. The targeted variables were perceived influence of media messages on “favorability” toward substance use and drug-related intentions, perceived harm of substance use, parental sanctions against substance use, parent-child communication about substance use, peer encouragement to use substances, and peer sanctions against substance use. Recall of the media campaign was low. However, adolescents with low and moderate levels of drug use who recalled individual campaign flights showed beneficial effects on targeted variables in comparison with students who did not recall the campaigns and control students who were not exposed to the campaigns. The implications of the findings for further research and public policy are discussed.

Race and Ethnic Differences in Adolescent Drug Use: The Impact of Family Structure and the Quantity and Quality of Parental Interaction

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl H. Amey ◽  
Stan L. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Black Family ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽  
Adolescent Drug Use ◽  
National Priority ◽  
The Impact

Curbing adolescent substance abuse is a national priority in the United States. To effectively allocate resources it is imperative that antecedents and correlates of drug use across diverse populations be understood. Racial and ethnic differences in drug use have yet to be explained. Because family characteristics are known to vary across race/ethnic groups, and prior research suggests a connection between family characteristics and adolescent drug use, this study investigates the impact of family on race/ethnic differences in drug use. Using data from a national household survey, we found that although socioeconomic and demographic characteristics alone explained drug use differences between Latinos and non-Latino whites, the differences between Black and white adolescents could not be explained by either structural or functional differences in the family. Furthermore, it appears that the single-parent Black family provides a greater protection against drug use than does the two-biological-parent Black family. Our findings suggest that the development of policy based on a knowledge of correlates of substance use within the white community may be both inefficient and ineffective when applied to minority communities.

The Influence of Adolescent Substance Use and Socialization on Deviant Behavior in Young Adulthood

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
SYBILLE M. GUY ◽  
GENE M. SMITH ◽  
P. M. BENTLER
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Adolescent Drug Use ◽  
Interpersonal Aggression ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of adolescent substance use on adult substance use and criminal behavior. Longitudinal data from 657 participants were assessed over 12 years (1969-1981). Latent variable models were used to determine what effect, if any, adolescent drug use had on later deviance. In addition, constructs relevant to traditional theories of social control, such as the extent of socialization and obedience to rules, were also included as predictors. The results showed that a general drug use factor in adolescence significantly predicted adult illicit substance use, theft, and interpersonal aggression. Drug-related accidents (automobile and other) were also predicted from adolescent drug use. These findings are consistent with several theories suggesting that different forms of deviance may influence each other over time.

scholarly journals 1414. #Vaccine Twitter Influencers: is it Just About Reach and Followers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S714-S715
Author(s):  
Jean-Etienne Poirrier ◽  
Theodore Caputi ◽  
John Ayers ◽  
Mark Dredze ◽  
Sara Poston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background A small number of powerful users (“influencers”) dominates conversations on social media platforms: less than 1% of Twitter accounts have at least 3,000 followers and even fewer have hundreds of thousands or millions of followers. Beyond simple metrics (number of tweets, retweets...) little is known about these “influencers”, particularly in relation to their role in shaping online narratives about vaccines. Our goal was to describe influential Twitter accounts that are driving conversations about vaccines and present new metrics of influence. Methods Using publicly-available data from Twitter, we selected posts from 1-Jan-2016 to 31-Dec-2018 and extracted the top 5% of accounts tweeting about vaccines with the most followers. Using automated classifiers, we determined the location of these accounts, and grouped them into those that primarily tweet pro- versus anti-vaccine content. We further characterized the demographics of these influencer accounts. Results From 25,381 vaccine-related tweets available in our sample representing 10,607 users, 530 accounts represented the top 5% by number of followers. These accounts had on average 1,608,637 followers (standard deviation=5,063,421) and 340,390 median followers. Among the accounts for which sentiment was successfully estimated by the classifier, 10.4% (n=55) posted anti-vaccine content and 33.6% (n=178) posted pro-vaccine content. Of the 55 anti-vaccine accounts, 50% (n=18) of the accounts for which location was successfully determined were from the United States. Of the 178 pro-vaccine accounts, 42.5% (n=54) were from the United States. Conclusion This study showed that only a small proportion of Twitter accounts (A) post about vaccines and (B) have a high follower count and post anti-vaccine content. Further analysis of these users may help researchers and policy makers better understand how to amplify the impact of pro-vaccine social media messages. Disclosures Jean-Etienne Poirrier, PhD, MBA, The GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Theodore Caputi, PhD, Good Analytics Inc. (Consultant) John Ayers, PhD, GSK (Grant/Research Support) Mark Dredze, PhD, Bloomberg LP (Consultant)Good Analytics (Consultant) Sara Poston, PharmD, The GlaxoSmithKline group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Cosmina Hogea, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline (Employee, Shareholder)

scholarly journals DESTRUCTIVE OF CURRENT INFORMATION: CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE HEADLINES OF NEWS AGGREGATORS IN UKRAINE, USA AND RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaryna Pryshliak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human History ◽  
Media Space ◽  
Negative News ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
News Headlines

The article outlines the impact of negative news on the minds of recipients, describes the reasons for the audience’s demand for negative information and represents the quantitative data of destructive information in the media space of Ukraine, USA and Russia. The rapid development of communication technologies, which contributes to the creation and dissemination of the largest volumes of information in human history, and therefore negative news, explains the relevance of the chosen topic. The main objectives of the study are news headlines that appear in the feed of the Google News aggregator (regional versions of the United States, Ukraine and Russia).

Is Snapchat Discover really a news platform? News snacking from social media and users’ knowledge of current affairs

2021 ◽  
Vol 00 (00) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jayeon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Journalism Studies ◽  
Soft News ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Predictor

The role of the media in informing the public has long been a central topic in journalism studies. Given that social media platforms have become today’s major source of news, it is important to understand the impact of social media use on citizens’ knowledge of current affairs. While people get news from multiple platforms throughout the day, most research treats social media as a single entity or examines only one or two major platforms ignoring newer social media platforms. Drawing on news snacking framework, this study investigates how using some of today’s most popular social media platforms predicts users’ current affairs knowledge, with particular attention to Snapchat and its news section Discover. A survey conducted in the United States (N=417) demonstrated that each of the platforms is distinct: Twitter is a strongly positive predictor of knowledge, Facebook a marginally significant negative predictor, Reddit a significantly negative predictor and Instagram not a significant predictor. Overall Snapchat use has no significant association with users’ knowledge of current affairs, whereas Discover use has a negative relationship. Further analysis revealed that mere exposure to Snapchat is positively related to soft-news knowledge and attention to Discover is negatively related to hard-news knowledge.

The Crisis of Public Health as a Media Event

2016 ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Valentina Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public System ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Narratives ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Media Event

The focus of the present article is on the analysis of the influence exercised by media narratives on the Romanian audience's reconstructions of social movements from January-February 2012. The analysis was interested to show what are the aspects involved in the publicizing of this media event in Romania, by focusing on the event narrative built in such a way to transmit a particular significance related to the protest movements related to the crisis of the health public system in Romania. Two research methods were used in collecting the data: a survey on two hundreds Romanian respondents and quantitative content analysis of five national Romanian newspapers. As the results show, the high consumption of mass media messages does not determine whether the public adopts the media narratives concerning the events from the beginning of year 2012. At the same time, the analysis shows that in the case of the media events that took place in Romania in January-February 2012 the impact of the media narrative on the way in which the audience from Romania rebuilt those protests was a minor one and other factors had played a major role in triggering massive mass protests in Romania.

Trump's Declaration of the Global Gag Rule

2021 ◽  
pp. 277-294
Author(s):  
Sudeep Uprety ◽  
Obindra B. Chand
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Securitization Theory ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

The current expanded policy on the Global Gag Rule by the United States (US) government and President Donald Trump has led to wider debate and discussions among the non-government organization (NGO) sector, especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs) such as Nepal that are heavily reliant on US funding for health research and intervention projects. Debates and discussions are also shaped by how the media shapes the narrative. Using the securitization theory, this chapter attempts to unfold the trend and the nature of stories reported in Nepali media on the Global Gag Rule declaration, meticulously unfolding the impact it has had in Nepal.

scholarly journals Impact of Abstinence and of Reducing Illicit Drug Use Without Abstinence on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viral Load

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin M Nance ◽  
Maria Esther Perez Trejo ◽  
Bridget M Whitney ◽  
Joseph A C Delaney ◽  
Fredrick L Altice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Substance use is common among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and a barrier to achieving viral suppression. Among PLWH who report illicit drug use, we evaluated associations between HIV viral load (VL) and reduced use of illicit opioids, methamphetamine/crystal, cocaine/crack, and marijuana, regardless of whether or not abstinence was achieved. Methods This was a longitudinal cohort study of PLWH from 7 HIV clinics or 4 clinical studies. We used joint longitudinal and survival models to examine the impact of decreasing drug use and of abstinence for each drug on viral suppression. We repeated analyses using linear mixed models to examine associations between change in frequency of drug use and VL. Results The number of PLWH who were using each drug at baseline ranged from n = 568 (illicit opioids) to n = 4272 (marijuana). Abstinence was associated with higher odds of viral suppression (odds ratio [OR], 1.4–2.2) and lower relative VL (ranging from 21% to 42% by drug) for all 4 drug categories. Reducing frequency of illicit opioid or methamphetamine/crystal use without abstinence was associated with VL suppression (OR, 2.2, 1.6, respectively). Reducing frequency of illicit opioid or methamphetamine/crystal use without abstinence was associated with lower relative VL (47%, 38%, respectively). Conclusions Abstinence was associated with viral suppression. In addition, reducing use of illicit opioids or methamphetamine/crystal, even without abstinence, was also associated with viral suppression. Our findings highlight the impact of reducing substance use, even when abstinence is not achieved, and the potential benefits of medications, behavioral interventions, and harm-reduction interventions.

Artikel: Health Information Dissemination in the Information Age: Media, Messages and Roles

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf T. Wigand ◽  
Hans-Dieter Klee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
The Media

SummaryUnderstanding the priorities and workings of the mass media are a prerequisite to gaining the attention of the media and, more importantly, the cooperation of those who control access to media space and time. In addition, one needs to understand information and news filtering and gate-keeping functions carried out by the media. It is also essential to understand the interplay between reporters and their news sources and the fact that both entities have their specific priorities and agenda. In the United States of America the media’s behavior may be viewed and understood, at least in part, as the journalistic performance and exercise in the principles of the First Amendment within the Constitution. Simultaneously though the media are part of the free enterprise system, implying that they are a business whose primary motivation is to maximize profits and minimally to survive as an organization. The media, however, are not in the business of health care, medicine or public health. This contribution characterizes the health information setting in the United States of America. Relevant research has demonstrated that in the process of gaining health information by the consumer, food producers can be highly successful in influencing food-purchasing behavior and thus may have an influence on health and eating behavior. Among the issues addressed here are scientific alarmism, information confusion, disinformation, misinformation and the often resultant paradoxical behavior exhibited by the public. The knowledge gap-hypothesis is explored with regard to its appropriateness in this setting. Researchers found that short, unequivocal and positive media messages - so-called magic bullets - addressing single and relatively simple behaviors can be highly effective and that whatever advice is given should be uncomplicated and negative elements associated with the message should be avoided.It is important for scientists, medical experts and nutritionists, the media and food producers to realize that they all play a vital role in achieving broad-scale health behavior. They need to cooperate and work together to produce a set of clear, consistent, focused and positive messages based on current scientific knowledge and trends. Only then can such recommendations be communicated, understood and acted upon by the public. It is especially important to educate and inform children properly about the appropriate judgement and analysis of advertised messages pertaining to health and eating behavior questions.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna D. Jaroszyńska-Kirchmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Impact

This epilogue comments on the changes within the Polish American community and the Polish-language press during the most recent decades, including the impact of the Internet and social media on the practice of letter-writing. It also poses questions about the legacy and memory of Paryski in Toledo, Ohio, and in Polonia scholarship. Paryski's life and career were based on his intelligence, determination, and energy. He believed that Poles in the United States, as in Poland, must benefit from education, and that education was not necessarily the same as formal schooling. Anybody could embark on the path to self-improvement if they read and wrote. Long before the Internet changed the way we communicate, Paryski and other ethnic editors effectively adopted and practiced the concept of debate within the public sphere in the media. Ameryka-Echo's “Corner for Everybody” was an embodiment of this concept and allowed all to express themselves in their own language and to write what was on their minds.

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