scholarly journals Reduced Effective Emotion Regulation in Night Owls

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L. Watts ◽  
Ray Norbury
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Age Range

Previous research has demonstrated a clear link between late chronotype and depression. The vulnerability factors underpinning this link, however, are unclear. Here the relationship between two specific emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and chronotype was investigated using multiple regression. Two hundred and forty participants (age range 18-80, 189 females) completed validated self-report questionnaires assaying chronotype, neuroticism, depressive symptomatology, sleep quality, and emotion regulation. Eveningness was associated with increased expressive suppression, and morningness was associated with increased cognitive reappraisal after controlling for age, gender, depressive symptomatology, neuroticism, and sleep quality. Trait expressive suppression and reduced cognitive reappraisal are known to increase depression risk. Our results suggest that eveningness is associated with impaired emotion regulation, which may confer risk for future depression. These findings suggest modifiable markers that could be therapeutically targeted to prevent the onset of depression in late chronotype individuals.

scholarly journals Reduced effective emotion regulation in night owls.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Norbury
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Depression Symptomatology ◽  
Age Range

Previous research has demonstrated a clear link between late chronotype and depression. The vulnerability factors underpinning this link, however, are unclear. Here the relationship between two specific emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and chronotype was investigated using multiple regression. Two hundred and fourty participants (age range 18- 80, 189 females) completed validated self-report questionnaires assaying chronotype, neuroticism, depression symptomatology, sleep quality and emotion regulation. Eveningness was associated increased expressive suppression and morningness was associated with increased cognitive reappraisal after controlling for age, gender, depressive symptomatology, neuroticism and sleep quality. Trait expressive suppression and reduced cognitive reappraisal are known to increase depression risk. Our results suggest that eveningness is associated with impaired emotion regulation which may confer risk for future depression. These findings suggest modifiable markers that could be therapeutically targeted to prevent the onset of depression in late chronotype individuals.

scholarly journals Do Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation Mediate the Relationship Between Mental Toughness and Symptoms of Depression?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Mutz ◽  
Peter Clough ◽  
Kostas A. Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Mental Toughness (MT) provides crucial psychological capacities for achievement in sports, education, and work settings. Previous research examined the role of MT in the domain of mental health and showed that MT is negatively associated with and predictive of fewer depressive symptoms in nonclinical populations. The present study aimed at (1) investigating to what extent mentally tough individuals use two emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression; (2) exploring whether individual differences in emotion regulation strategy use mediate the relationship between MT and depressive symptoms. Three hundred sixty-four participants (M = 24.31 years, SD = 9.16) provided self-reports of their levels of MT, depressive symptoms, and their habitual use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between MT and two commonly used measures of depressive symptoms. A small statistically significant positive correlation between MT and the habitual use of cognitive reappraisal was also observed. The correlation between MT and the habitual use of expressive suppression was statistically significant, but the size of the effect was small. A statistical mediation model indicated that individual differences in the habitual use of expressive suppression mediate the relationship between MT and depressive symptoms. No such effect was found for the habitual use of cognitive reappraisal. Implications of these findings and possible avenues for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Emotion regulation questionnaire-adapted and individual differences in emotion regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Rita Seixas ◽  
Anne Pignault ◽  
Claude Houssemand
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expression Of Emotions

Emotion regulation is a human adaptation process with important implications for daily life. Two specific emotion regulation strategies were the principle areas of study: reappraisal (cognitive change in which individuals adapt their state of mind about a given situation) and expressive suppression (response modulation in which individuals change their emotional response after its initiation). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), that captures individual tendencies to reappraise and to suppress the expression of emotions, was also developed. Response modulation strategy was analyzed by considering two distinct processes: expressive suppression (down-regulation) and expressive enhancement (up-regulation). This latter modulation process has been less frequently studied by researchers. The present study investigates the psychometrical properties, individual differences and correlates of a French adapted version of the ERQ, which comprises reappraisal and the two response modulation tendencies – expressive suppression and expressive enhancement. Based on the initial ERQ, new items were created and added to the scale. The three-factor structure of the ERQ adapted was confirmed. As expected, emotion regulation is linked to individual differences: the tendency to reappraise has a positive low correlation with age; and men are significantly more disposed to suppress and to enhance than women. Finally, the tendency to suppress the expression of emotions is negatively correlated with extraversion, and the disposition to enhance the expression of emotions is negatively correlated with conscientiousness.

Influence of poor emotion regulation on disrupted sleep and subsequent psychiatric symptoms in university students

2021 ◽  
pp. 008124632097852
Author(s):  
Lee R Nicholson ◽  
Raphaella Lewis ◽  
Kevin GF Thomas ◽  
Gosia Lipinska
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Posttraumatic Symptoms ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Previous studies in the neuroscience and psychology literature works suggest that poor sleep quality is associated with emotion dysregulation, and that poor sleep quality and emotion dysregulation are, independently, associated with the presence and severity of psychiatric symptoms. However, no previous study has examined simultaneous relations among multiple different emotion regulation strategies, sleep quality, and mental health outcomes. Such investigations are particularly important given the extensive literature describing the prevalence and manifestation of poor mental health outcomes in university students. This study investigated the influence of both maladaptive (avoidance and impulsivity) and adaptive (cognitive reappraisal) emotion regulation strategies on sleep quality and, subsequently, on the degree of depressive and posttraumatic symptomatology in a sample of South African university students ( N = 336). Participants completed self-report instruments measuring their tendency to use avoidance, cognitive reappraisal, and impulsivity; their sleep quality; their accessibility to social support; and their number of depressive and posttraumatic symptoms. Structural equation modelling showed that more use of avoidance and impulsivity and less use of cognitive reappraisal negatively affected sleep quality, which, in turn, was associated with the presence of more depressive and more posttraumatic symptoms. Hence, our findings suggest that emotion regulation indirectly exerted its influence on the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms through sleep. We conclude that interventions targeted at improving sleep quality may prove beneficial in lessening the burden of depressive and posttraumatic symptoms in university students.

Relation between Emotion Regulation and Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianqiang Hu ◽  
Dajun Zhang ◽  
Jinliang Wang ◽  
Ritesh Mistry ◽  
Guangming Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Positive Indicators

This meta-analysis examined the relationship between emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression) and mental health (measured by life-satisfaction, positive affect, depression, anxiety, and negative affect). 48 studies, which included 51 independent samples, 157 effect sizes, and 21,150 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that cognitive reappraisal was correlated significantly and positively with positive indicators of mental health ( r=.26) and negatively with negative indicators of mental health ( r=–.20). Expressive suppression was correlated negatively with positive indicators of mental health ( r=–.12), and positively with negative indicators of mental health ( r=.15). Expressive suppression was correlated positively with positive indicators of mental health within the category of samples with Western cultural values ( r=–.11) but not the category with Eastern cultural values. Moreover, the correlation of expressive suppression and negative indicators of mental health was stronger in the Western cultural values category ( r=.19) than in the Eastern cultural values category ( r=.06). Therefore, it is necessary for follow-up studies about emotion regulation and mental health to consider some moderator variable like the culture.

scholarly journals Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response self-reporters showed higher scores for cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11474
Author(s):  
Ricardo Morales ◽  
Daniela Ramírez-Benavides ◽  
Mario Villena-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Tingling Sensation ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Sound Sensitivity

Background Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) describes the experience of a pleasant tingling sensation along the back of the head, accompanied with a feeling of well-being and relaxation, in response to specific audio-visual stimuli, such as whispers, soft sounds, and personal attention. Previous works have assessed individual variations in personality traits associated with ASMR, but no research to date has explored differences in emotion regulation associated with ASMR. This omission occurred even when ASMR, a sensory-emotional experience, has been proposed to be located in a sound sensitivity spectrum as the opposite end of misophonia, a phenomenon associated with difficulties regulating emotions. The present work aimed to assess group differences between ASMR self-reporters and non-ASMR controls associated with emotion regulation strategies. Methods We used the validated Spanish version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire to assess individual differences in the use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Results Our results showed that participants who experience ASMR had higher scores in the cognitive reappraisal subscale of the emotion regulation questionnaire than the non-ASMR group. Conclusions Individuals who experience ASMR reported higher use of cognitive reevaluation of emotionally arousing situations, suggesting more effectiveness in regulating emotions. Our finding further elucidates individual differences related to this experience, supporting that ASMR is a real psychophysiological phenomenon associated with other psychological constructs and has remarkable consequences in affective/emotional dimensions and general well-being.

scholarly journals For Body and Mind: Practicing Yoga and Emotion Regulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e25502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kobylińska ◽  
Karol Lewczuk ◽  
Marta Marchlewska ◽  
Aneta Pietraszek
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Low Levels

The purpose of the present study was to examine if the length of yoga training may influence the use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression (as emotion regulation strategies) and whether this relationship may be moderated by personality traits. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that the link between the length of yoga practice and emotion regulation can rely most heavily on participants’ conscientiousness and extraversion levels. Ninety women in two groups participated in the study: those who have been practicing yoga for over a year and those who have been practicing for a shorter period of time. An Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was applied to measure the use the strategies of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Moreover, personality traits, based on the Big Five model were assessed. The results of the study provided support for our prediction: participants who engaged in yoga practice for a longer period of time (as compared to participants who practiced yoga for a shorter duration), reported using cognitive reappraisal more often. Furthermore, longer yoga practice was more beneficial than shorter practice especially for individuals with low levels of conscientiousness and extraversion. Thus, extraversion and conscientiousness seem to facilitate the process of drawing benefits from practicing yoga.

scholarly journals Individual differences in emotion regulation and face recognition

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243209
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Megreya ◽  
Robert D. Latzman
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Face recognition ability is highly variable among neurologically intact populations. Across three experiments, this study examined for the first time associations between individual differences in a range of adaptive versus maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and face recognition. Using an immediate face-memory paradigm, in which observers had to identify a self-paced learned unfamiliar face from a 10-face target-present/ target-absent line-up, Experiment 1 (N = 42) found high levels of expressive suppression (the ongoing efforts to inhibit emotion-expressive behaviors), but not cognitive reappraisal (the cognitive re-evaluation of emotional events to change their emotional consequences), were associated with a lower level of overall face-memory accuracy and higher rates of misidentifications and false positives. Experiment 2 (N = 53) replicated these finding using a range of face-matching tasks, where observers were asked to match pairs of same-race or different-race face images taken on the same day or during different times. Once again, high levels of expressive suppression were associated with a lower level of overall face-matching performance and higher rates of false positives, but cognitive reappraisal did not correlate with any face-matching measure. Finally, Experiment 3 (N = 52) revealed that the higher use of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, especially catastrophizing, was associated with lower levels of overall face-matching performances and higher rates of false positives. All told, the current research provides new evidence concerning the important associations between emotion and cognition.

An Exploratory Study of Self-Consciousness and Emotion-Regulation Strategies in Health Care Workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Andela ◽  
Laurent Auzoult ◽  
Didier Truchot
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Public Self Consciousness

The goal of this study was to assess relations between public self-consciousness, private self-consciousness (self-reflectiveness and internal state awareness), and two emotion-regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. 59 employees of a public hospital completed a survey. Public self-consciousness was not associated with either emotion-regulation strategy, while both dimensions of private self-consciousness were related to the strategies. While self-reflectiveness was correlated with expressive suppression, internal states awareness was associated with cognitive reappraisal.

Religiosity and Emotion Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allon Vishkin ◽  
Pazit Ben-Nun Bloom ◽  
Shalom H. Schwartz ◽  
Nevin Solak ◽  
Maya Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Emotional Outcomes ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Regulation Strategies

People higher (vs. lower) in religiosity differ in the emotions they typically experience, but do they also differ in how they deal with their emotions? In this investigation, we systematically tested links between religiosity and elements of emotion regulation, including beliefs regarding the controllability of emotion, the motivation to feel better, and the tendency to use specific emotion regulation strategies (e.g., cognitive reappraisal, rumination, distraction). Participants were American Catholics, Israeli Jews, and Muslim Turks ( N = 616) who were stratified sampled based on level of religiosity. All eight preregistered hypotheses were confirmed, even after controlling for demographic variables. We found that people higher (vs. lower) in religiosity were more likely to use emotion regulation strategies that are typically linked to adaptive emotional outcomes (e.g., cognitive reappraisal, acceptance) and less likely to use emotion regulation strategies that are typically linked to less adaptive outcomes (e.g., rumination). These findings suggest that people higher (vs. lower) in religiosity may deal with their emotions in more adaptive ways.

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