Nonsurgical Methods for Treatment of Capsule Contracture

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Melvin A. Shiffman
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Breast Augmentation ◽  
Breast Implant ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Fibroblast Proliferation

Background: The breast implant is a foreign body that stimulates a “walling-off” response associated with scar formation (fibroblast proliferation). It has been presumed that inflammatory cells, extracellular matrix, and fibroblast proliferation are responsible for capsule contracture following breast augmentation. The possible causes of capsule contracture are described, and nonsurgical methods for relief of the capsule contracture are discussed. Methods: The literature was reviewed for medications and other nonsurgical methods that may possibly be used for relief of capsule contracture or reduction of the incidence of capsule contracture. Conclusion: Additional studies are needed that address the effects of drugs and electrostimulation on capsule contracture following breast augmentation.

scholarly journals A three-dimensional in vitro dynamic micro-tissue model of cardiac scar formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Occhetta ◽  
Giuseppe Isu ◽  
Marta Lemme ◽  
Chiara Conficconi ◽  
Philipp Oertle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Fibroblast Proliferation ◽  
Tissue Model ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Deposition ◽  
Mechanical Stretching

Our 3D-scar-on-a-chip model resembles fibroblast proliferation and activation, extracellular matrix deposition and stiffening upon application of only cyclic mechanical stretching.

scholarly journals A double-edged sword of immuno-microenvironment in cardiac homeostasis and injury repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Sun ◽  
Yi-yuan Li ◽  
Jin Jin
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Scar Formation

AbstractThe response of immune cells in cardiac injury is divided into three continuous phases: inflammation, proliferation and maturation. The kinetics of the inflammatory and proliferation phases directly influence the tissue repair. In cardiac homeostasis, cardiac tissue resident macrophages (cTMs) phagocytose bacteria and apoptotic cells. Meanwhile, NK cells prevent the maturation and transport of inflammatory cells. After cardiac injury, cTMs phagocytose the dead cardiomyocytes (CMs), regulate the proliferation and angiogenesis of cardiac progenitor cells. NK cells prevent the cardiac fibrosis, and promote vascularization and angiogenesis. Type 1 macrophages trigger the cardioprotective responses and promote tissue fibrosis in the early stage. Reversely, type 2 macrophages promote cardiac remodeling and angiogenesis in the late stage. Circulating macrophages and neutrophils firstly lead to chronic inflammation by secreting proinflammatory cytokines, and then release anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, which regulate cardiac remodeling. In this process, dendritic cells (DCs) mediate the regulation of monocyte and macrophage recruitment. Recruited eosinophils and Mast cells (MCs) release some mediators which contribute to coronary vasoconstriction, leukocyte recruitment, formation of new blood vessels, scar formation. In adaptive immunity, effector T cells, especially Th17 cells, lead to the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis, including the distal fibrosis and scar formation. CMs protectors, Treg cells, inhibit reduce the inflammatory response, then directly trigger the regeneration of local progenitor cell via IL-10. B cells reduce myocardial injury by preserving cardiac function during the resolution of inflammation.

Use of Vicryl (Polyglactin 910) Mesh to Limit Epidural Scar Formation after Laminectomy

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Nussbaum ◽  
Joseph V. McDonald ◽  
Raymond B. Baggs
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Polyglactin 910 ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Fat Grafts ◽  
Free Grafts ◽  
Vicryl Mesh

Abstract A variety of substances have been used at laminectomy sites to prevent postoperative epidural scarring. Free grafts of autologous subcutaneous fat are commonly used both clinically and experimentally. The free fat grafts usually survive, but decrease in size by about 50%. Postoperatively, subcutaneous seroma has been observed with the use of fat grafts, as well as recurrent symptoms of neural compression by the graft that required additional operations. When compared to the use of free fat grafts after laminectomy in dogs, Vicryl mesh produced slightly more scarring, but consistently less than that observed in control animals. The Vicryl mesh was resorbed by a minimal chronic inflammatory response over about 45 days. Seven of 11 fat-grafted zones showed signs of necrosis, at times with a greater collection of inflammatory cells than that associated with the Vicryl mesh. Of the 4 fat-grafted zones that showed good survival. 2 had gross evidence of neural compression. No surgical zone treated with Vicryl mesh exhibited evidence of neural compression. In view of these results, the use of Vicryl mesh at laminectomy sites may be a safer method of limiting postoperative epidural scar formation.

Modified Breast Band Improving the Postoperative Breast Augmentation and Reconstructive Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 074880682110327
Author(s):  
Arian Mowlavi ◽  
Bryce Bash ◽  
Shea Skenderian ◽  
Zachary Sin
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Breast Augmentation ◽  
Breast Implant ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Implant Position ◽  
Time Period ◽  
To Receive

Superior displacement of implants is a common complication in the early postoperative period following breast augmentation surgery. Postoperative breast bands are used during the first 4 weeks to optimize breast implant position following breast augmentation and reconstructive procedures. Although currently available breast bands are effective in maintaining implants in an inferior position, they have been observed to irritate the armpit region. We hypothesized that a modified breast band geometry with cut outs to accommodate the armpit region would provide equal maintenance of desired implant position while providing improved postoperative comfort. Forty patients who underwent breast augmentation and/or reconstruction were randomly assigned to receive either the traditional breast band or the modified cut out designed breast band following surgery for 4 weeks. Patients rated their breast bands on a 1 to 10 scale regarding (1) comfort, (2) appearance, and (3) overall satisfaction at their routine postoperative visits at 1, 2, and 4 weeks following surgery. The modified breast band scored higher for all factors at 1, 2, and 4 weeks following surgery. The traditional band demonstrated decreasing scores for comfort and overall satisfaction when compared at 4 weeks versus 1 week. There was no change in the modified breast band scores for comfort, appearance, nor overall satisfaction over the same time period. This study of 40 patients found that the modified band provides equally effective maintenance of implants in a desired position without compromising comfort and appearance. Patients who used the modified band had a better experience with the band comfort, appearance, and overall satisfaction in comparison to the traditional band. The higher ratings for the cut out band for comfort, appearance, and overall satisfaction were consistent from week 1 to 4. In contrast, the traditional band not only scored lower in comfort, appearance, and overall satisfaction compared to the modified band but also demonstrated significant decrease in the patients’ ratings for comfort and overall satisfaction for the traditional band from week 1 to 4. This study supports the conclusion that a modified cut out breast band design provides an equally effective maintenance of implants in a desired position without compromising comfort, appearance, and overall satisfaction when compared to the traditional band.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Imaging in Cosmetic Breast Augmentation: Results of a Single Surgeon 3.5 Year Retrospective Study Using the BREAST-Q Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E Hutchinson ◽  
Andrea D Castaldo ◽  
Cedar H Malone ◽  
Nicole Z Sommer ◽  
Ashley N Amalfi
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Breast Augmentation ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Breast Implant ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
Implant Size ◽  
Implant Selection

Abstract Background Traditional methods of breast implant size selection provide limited ability to demonstrate postoperative outcomes. Three-dimensional imaging provides an opportunity for improved patient evaluation, surgical planning, and evaluation of postoperative breast appearance. Objectives We hypothesized that preoperative 3D imaging for patients undergoing breast augmentation would improve patient satisfaction and understanding of expected surgical outcomes. Methods A retrospective review of patients undergoing breast augmentation by a single surgeon over a 3.5-year period was performed. Patients presenting after the VECTRA was purchased had preoperative 3D imaging, while patients presenting before this did not. Eligible patients received a BREAST-Q questionnaire designed for postoperative evaluation of breast augmentation. They also received a second survey that evaluated expected versus actual breast outcomes. Results 120 surveys were mailed and 61 patients (50.8%) returned the survey. The 3D imaged group had improved BREAST-Q scores regarding satisfaction with outcome, surgeon, and physical well-being compared to the group that did not. The imaged group also had higher size, shape, and overall breast correlation scores, confidence in implant size selection scores, and communication with surgeon scores. The differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. Conclusions Three-dimensional imaging is a valuable tool in breast surgery. Although our study showed improvement in patient satisfaction and predicted outcome scores in the 3D imaged group, our results were not statistically significant. With the majority of patients reporting they would choose 3D imaging, it appears to instill confidence in patients regarding both surgeon and implant selection.

scholarly journals Large Animal Studies to Reduce the Foreign Body Reaction in Brain–Computer Interfaces: A Systematic Review

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Shan Yasin Mian ◽  
Jonathan Roy Honey ◽  
Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte ◽  
Damiano Giuseppe Barone
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Electrode Insertion

Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) are reliant on the interface between electrodes and neurons to function. The foreign body reaction (FBR) that occurs in response to electrodes in the brain alters this interface and may pollute detected signals, ultimately impeding BCI function. The size of the FBR is influenced by several key factors explored in this review; namely, (a) the size of the animal tested, (b) anatomical location of the BCI, (c) the electrode morphology and coating, (d) the mechanics of electrode insertion, and (e) pharmacological modification (e.g., drug eluting electrodes). Trialing methods to reduce FBR in vivo, particularly in large models, is important to enable further translation in humans, and we systematically reviewed the literature to this effect. The OVID, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Scholar databases were searched. Compiled results were analysed qualitatively. Out of 8388 yielded articles, 13 were included for analysis, with most excluded studies experimenting on murine models. Cats, rabbits, and a variety of breeds of minipig/marmoset were trialed. On average, over 30% reduction in inflammatory cells of FBR on post mortem histology was noted across intervention groups. Similar strategies to those used in rodent models, including tip modification and flexible and sinusoidal electrode configurations, all produced good effects in histology; however, a notable absence of trials examining the effect on BCI end-function was noted. Future studies should assess whether the reduction in FBR correlates to an improvement in the functional effect of the intended BCI.

scholarly journals Subcuticular catgut versus polyglactin 910 in scar formation in sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Ž ◽  
F. Rudman ◽  
E. Amić ◽  
Z. Stanec ◽  
I. Stipančić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Plastic Surgeon ◽  
Foreign Body Granuloma ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Polyglactin 910 ◽  
Double Blind

The aim of this double blind prospective experimental study was to compare the influence of poly­glactin 910 (Vicryl, Ethycon ) and plain catgut (Soficat-Plein,Braun) as subcuticular tissue sutures on wound heal­ing and scar formation in sheep. Scar excision together with the surrounding tissue was made three months later. Scars were compared visually, photographed and examined under a light microscope. All scars were cosmetically acceptable, linearly hardly visible, aplanated and less than 1 mm in width with no difference between the parts in which plain catgut or polyglactin 910 were used. All photographs were examined by a plastic surgeon as well as by a dermatologist and they confirmed that all scars were cosmetically acceptable, hardly visible, aplanated and less than 1 mm in width. During the light microscopic examination done by the dermatologist foreign body granulomas were found in two scars where the subcuticular plain catgut was used. Concerning the plain catgut as an animal and foreign body granuloma inductor, the use of polyglactin 910 seems to be beter.

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