The Situational Context of Adolescent Homicide Victimization in Johannesburg, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Anne Swart ◽  
Mohamed Seedat ◽  
Juan Nel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Related Event ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
Homicide Victimization ◽  
Injury Mortality ◽  
Situational Contexts ◽  
Mortality Surveillance

Although studies have described the incidence and epidemiology of adolescent homicide victimization in South Africa, little is known about the situational contexts in which they occur. This study aimed to describe the victim, offender, and event characteristics of adolescent homicide and to generate a typology based on the particular types of situational contexts associated with adolescent homicide in South Africa. Data on homicides among adolescents (15-19 years) that occurred in Johannesburg (South Africa) during the period 2001-2007 were obtained from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) and police case records. Of the 195 cases available for analysis, 81% of the victims were male. Most of the offenders were male (90%), comprising of strangers (42%) and friends/acquaintances (37%). Arguments (33%) were the most common precipitating circumstances, followed by revenge (11%), robbery (11%), and acts of vigilantism/retribution for a crime (8%). Through the use of cluster analysis, the study identified three categories of adolescent homicide: (a) male victims killed by strangers during a crime-related event, (b) male victims killed by a friend/acquaintance during an argument, and (c) female victims killed by male offenders. The results can serve to inform the development of tailored and focused strategies for the prevention of adolescent homicide.

scholarly journals VIOLENT DEATHS IN SA: The 2003 National Injury Mortality Surveillance System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Matzopoulos
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Important Risk Factor ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Injury Mortality ◽  
Mortality Surveillance ◽  
Fatal Injuries

The latest data from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System – the most detailed source on the ‘who, what, when, where and how’ of fatal injuries in South Africa – shows that homicide remains the most common cause of injury-related deaths. Homicide rates varied significantly between the four major urban centres covered, and firearms were a key contributor to the high homicide rates. Alcohol was confirmed as an important risk factor for murder, with the highest percentage of alcohol positive cases being recorded in Cape Town.

scholarly journals GETTING A GRIP ON GUNS: Rolling out the Firearms Control Act

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Meek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
Injury Mortality ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mortality Surveillance

The use of guns in crime remains high in South Africa. The annual report of the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) for 2000 found that death caused by firearms is higher in South Africa than death occurring through road traffic accidents or any other external cause of non-natural death. The government maintains that controlling firearms remains a priority and is focusing on the implementation of the Firearms Control

Situational Contexts of Rural Violence: A Comparison of Male and Female Perpetration

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callie Marie Rennison ◽  
Walter S. DeKeseredy
Keyword(s):  
Woman Abuse ◽  
Urban Violence ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
Female Perpetration ◽  
Situational Contexts ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Main Effects

The amount of social scientific knowledge about rural violence pales in comparison with that of urban violence, and even less is known about the situational contexts of rural violence. Using National Crime Victimization Survey data, we explore situational contexts of rural violence in general, as well as compare male- and female-perpetrated violence contexts. Results indicate that the contexts of violence committed by females are characterized by main effects (i.e., no weapons, no injuries across a variety of contexts), while male-perpetrated violence is highly contextual. An important finding emerged from studying contexts associated with male offenders and female victims—in every dominant context with one exception, male perpetrators were engaged in woman abuse. These findings highlight the need for greater attention to rural violence and variation in how this violence is perpetrated.

scholarly journals Trends of drowning mortality in Vietnam: evidence from the national injury mortality surveillance system

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Nguyen ◽  
Rebecca Q Ivers ◽  
Cuong Pham ◽  
Jagnoor Jagnoor
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Injury Mortality ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Central Highland ◽  
Mortality Surveillance

ObjectiveTo describe the trends of drowning mortality in Vietnam over time and to identify socioeconomic characteristics associated with higher drowning mortality at the provincial level.MethodsWe analysed data from the Ministry of Health injury mortality surveillance system from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013. The surveillance covers more than 11 000 commune health centres in all provinces of Vietnam. For provincial population and socioeconomic characteristics, we extracted data from the National census 2009, the Population change and family planning surveys in 2011 and 2013. Multilevel linear models were used to identify provincial characteristics associated with higher mortality rates.ResultsOver the 5-year period between 2009 and 2013, 31 232 drowning deaths were reported, equivalent to a 5-year average of 6246 drowning deaths. During this period, drowning mortality rate decreased 7.2/100 000 to 6.9/100 000 (p=0.035). Of six major geographical regions, Northern midland, Central highland and Mekong delta were those with highest mortality rates. In all regions, children aged 1–4 years had the highest mortality rates, followed by those aged 5–9 and 10–14 years. At provincial level, having a coastline was not associated with higher mortality rate. Provinces with larger population size and greater proportion of poor households were statistically significantly associated with higher mortality rates (p=0.042 and 0.006, respectively).ConclusionWhile some gains have been made in reducing drowning mortality, child deaths due to drowning in Vietnam remain alarmingly high. Targeted scale-up of known effective interventions such as child supervision and basic survival skills are needed for reducing child mortality due to drowning, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged provinces.

scholarly journals THE DANGERS OF DATA: Recognising the limitations of crime statistics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Altbeker
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Crime Statistics ◽  
Injury Mortality ◽  
Mortality Surveillance

It is frequently noted that police crime statistics can reflect reality badly because of under-reporting and under-recording. Less frequently noted is the fact that other sources of data can be just as problematic. This article reflects on two sources of statistics on murder – the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System and the MRC’s Burden of Disease estimates – and argues that the incautious use of these data can lead to erroneous conclusions.

scholarly journals The Provincial Injury Mortality Surveillance System (PIMSS): a surveillance tool for the Western Cape

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. A47-A48 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Matzopoulos ◽  
L. J. Martin ◽  
S. Wadee ◽  
V. Thomson ◽  
M. Prinsloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Injury Mortality ◽  
Mortality Surveillance

scholarly journals Victimization, perception of insecurity, and changes in daily routines in Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Elena Ávila ◽  
Belén Martínez-Ferrer ◽  
Alejandro Vera ◽  
Alejandro Bahena ◽  
Gonzalo Musitu
Keyword(s):  
Public Security ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
The Past ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
High Crime

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationships between victimization, perception of insecurity, and changes in routines. METHODS The 8,170 subjects of both sexes (49.9% women and 50.1% men) aged between 12 and 60 years, selected from a proportional stratified sampling, participated in this study. The measuring instrument was an adaptation of the National Survey on Victimization and Perception of Public Security. Chi-square tests were performed. RESULTS The results show significant differences on victimization and sex regarding perception of insecurity, restrictions on everyday activities, and protection measures. 13.1% of those interviewed claimed to have been victims of a crime in the past 12 months. 52.7% of women considered their municipality as unsafe or very unsafe. In the case of men, this percentage was 58.2%. Female victims reported significant restrictions in everyday activities when compared to non-victims. In relation to men, the percentage of victims with a high restriction of activities was higher in male victims than non-victims. In the group of victimized women, the segment of women who opted for increased measures of protection against crime was larger than expected, while those of non-victims who took less protective measures was lower than expected. These same results were observed in the group of men. CONCLUSIONS The experience of victimization implies a greater perception of insecurity. However, the climate of insecurity is widespread in a large number of citizens. Gender differences in a high-crime environment show the importance of investigating in depth the roles of both genders in the perception of insecurity and changes in routines.

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