scholarly journals Victimization, perception of insecurity, and changes in daily routines in Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Elena Ávila ◽  
Belén Martínez-Ferrer ◽  
Alejandro Vera ◽  
Alejandro Bahena ◽  
Gonzalo Musitu
Keyword(s):  
Public Security ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
The Past ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
High Crime

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationships between victimization, perception of insecurity, and changes in routines. METHODS The 8,170 subjects of both sexes (49.9% women and 50.1% men) aged between 12 and 60 years, selected from a proportional stratified sampling, participated in this study. The measuring instrument was an adaptation of the National Survey on Victimization and Perception of Public Security. Chi-square tests were performed. RESULTS The results show significant differences on victimization and sex regarding perception of insecurity, restrictions on everyday activities, and protection measures. 13.1% of those interviewed claimed to have been victims of a crime in the past 12 months. 52.7% of women considered their municipality as unsafe or very unsafe. In the case of men, this percentage was 58.2%. Female victims reported significant restrictions in everyday activities when compared to non-victims. In relation to men, the percentage of victims with a high restriction of activities was higher in male victims than non-victims. In the group of victimized women, the segment of women who opted for increased measures of protection against crime was larger than expected, while those of non-victims who took less protective measures was lower than expected. These same results were observed in the group of men. CONCLUSIONS The experience of victimization implies a greater perception of insecurity. However, the climate of insecurity is widespread in a large number of citizens. Gender differences in a high-crime environment show the importance of investigating in depth the roles of both genders in the perception of insecurity and changes in routines.

Male and Female Sexual Victimization in Dating Relationships: Gender Differences in Coercion Techniques and Outcomes

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa K. Waldner-Haugrud ◽  
Brian Magruder
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Unwanted Sexual Behavior

Previous research on dating sexual coercion defines females as victims and males as perpetrators. This study expands on a trend to include male victims of sexual coercion in order to contrast their experiences with female victims. Results from 422 Midwestern, college students reveal a phenomenal amount of sexual coercion is occurring. Although women report more victimization, both males and females in the study reported coercion resulting in sexual behaviors ranging from kissing to intercourse. Coercive tactics targeted in this study included: intoxication, blackmail, lies, false promises, guilt, threats to end the relationship, persistent touching, being held down, detainment, threat of physical force, use of force, and use of a weapon. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that women were more likely to experience unwanted sexual behavior when the following coercive tactics were used: detainment, persistent touching, lies, and being held down. Men were more likely to report unwanted sexual behavior ranging from kissing to intercourse when female dates used blackmail or a weapon. Low frequency of the weapon item renders this finding less significant. Chi-square results reveal a pattern of coercing women into more extreme behaviors, such as intercourse, while men report coercion ending in milder sexual behaviors, such as unwanted kissing or touching.

scholarly journals Male Victims at a Dutch Sexual Assault Center: A Comparison to Female Victims inCharacteristics and Service Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110152
Author(s):  
Milou L. V. Covers ◽  
Janna Teeuwen ◽  
Iva A. E. Bicanic
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Assault Characteristics

Recently, there has been an increase in referrals of male victims of sexual assault to interdisciplinary sexual assault centers (SACs). Still, there is limited research on the characteristics of men who refer or are referred to SACs and the services they need. To facilitate the medical, forensic, and psychological treatment in SACs, a better understanding of male victims is indispensable. The first aim of the study was to analyze the victim and assault characteristics of male victims at a Dutch SAC, and to compare them to those of female victims. The second aim was to analyze and compare SAC service use between male and female victims. The victim characteristics, assault characteristics, and service use of 34 male victims and 633 female victims were collected in a Dutch SAC. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to analyze differences between male and female victims. No differences between males and females in victim or assault characteristics were found. Most victims received medical and psychological care, with no differences between male and female victims. Female victims were more likely to have contact with the police, but no differences in reporting or forensic medical examinations between males and females were found. These findings indicate that SACs can and do provide equal services to male and female victims, and that the current services are suitable for male victims as well. However, a focus on educating and advising male victims about police involvement is advisable.

Evaluation of the effects of Covid-19 in a dentist’s daily routine - A Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 591-601
Author(s):  
Akansha Kishen ◽  
Anjali A K ◽  
Brundha M P ◽  
Muralidharan N P
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Spss Software

Covid 19 is considered to be a pandemic virus infection. SARS-Cov-2 causes it. It is a viral infection that is transmitted through aerosol and droplet contamination, cross-infection, etc. Dentists are at a higher risk due to this corona. It has affected daily routines of dentist's life as they are unavailable to run the clinic and attend to patients. Different search engines like PubMed, and Google Scholar was used. The questionnaire consisting of twenty questions was prepared by using online survey google forms and circulated among the participants. SPSS software was used to evaluate the results and data collection. Statistical analysis was done by chi-square test. Later, results were being tabulated. This survey that is taken among dental students, dentists, and random public, it is seen that the majority of them are well aware of this recent pandemic attack. (COVID-19). It is concluded that dentists are affected to a significant extent due to coronavirus as their daily routine is affected severely. This study aims to identify the effect on dentist life on a routine basis due to the pandemic COVID - 19.

scholarly journals Sun Protection and Sunburn in Children Aged 1–10 Years in Germany: Prevalence and Determinants

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Tatiana Görig ◽  
Corinna Södel ◽  
Annette B. Pfahlberg ◽  
Olaf Gefeller ◽  
Eckhard W. Breitbart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Minor

Seeking shade, the use of textile sun protection and sunscreen, and protecting one’s eyes by wearing sunglasses are recommended sun protection measures in children. We aimed to quantify the use of these measures as well as the prevalence of sunburn in children aged 1 to 10 years in Germany and to identify their determinants. Data collected via telephone interviews in a nationwide sample of 554 parents or caregivers in family were analyzed. Use of sunscreen was the most common measure applied (77.8%), while sunglasses were least frequently used (12.5%). The prevalence of sunburn during the past year was 21.8%, and it was positively associated with children’s age. The use of sun protection measures was significantly associated with the age and skin color of the child, while characteristics and tanning behaviors of the caregivers only played a minor role. The use of sun protection measures was higher when caregivers perceived themselves as a role model (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.33, p < 0.001). Our nationwide data show that there remains a need for the improved use of sun protection measures, especially in children aged 7 to 10 years. In educational material, parents should be encouraged to become positive role models for their children regarding sun protection.

scholarly journals Bringing the problem home: The anti-slavery and anti-trafficking rhetoric of UK non-government organisations

Politics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 026339572096240
Author(s):  
Nick Turnbull ◽  
Rose Broad
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Policy Framing ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Problem Frame ◽  
Historical Rhetoric

Rhetoric is a way to explain policy problem framing by recognising the practical necessity to persuade audiences in contextual situations. Modern slavery and human trafficking is a complex and emotive problem, simplified through rhetorical demands to motivate an audience of supporters. This article analyses rhetoric by 212 UK anti-trafficking and anti-slavery non-government organisations (NGOs) to uncover rhetorical practices and their effects on policy framing, supplemented by archival research to compare past and present anti-slavery oratory. Our data show NGOs use rhetoric to motivate supporters and promote a humanitarian problem frame, in opposition to a state-driven security frame. Findings confirm other research in identifying an emphasis on female victims and on sexual over labour exploitation. Past and present rhetoric are equivalent in terms of liberal, Christian values (ethos) and appeals to pathos through sympathy for victims. Historical rhetoric is distinctive in arguing for the equal human status of slaves, whereas contemporary activists argue victims are denied agency. Contemporary rhetoric represses the question of migration, whereas past rhetoric is more deliberative. Rhetoric varies with the requirements of persuasion related to contextual distance, between unlike humans in the past, but in regard to geographical distance today.

Cannabis Growers in the United States: Findings From a National Household Survey 2010−2014

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262110004
Author(s):  
Alejandro Azofeifa ◽  
Rosalie L. Pacula ◽  
Margaret E. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Using Data

Given the rapidly changing U.S. cannabis legislation landscape, the aim of this article is to describe individuals who self-reported growing cannabis in the past year by selected characteristics and geographical location. Using data from 2010 to 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we conducted bivariate chi-square tests and ran a multivariable logistic regression model to examine the indicators associated with growing cannabis. Approximately, 484,000 individuals aged 12+ self-reported growing cannabis in the past year (1.6% of marijuana users). Predictors of growing cannabis included being male and self-reported reporting using cannabis for a greater number of days. Data showed differences in the proportion of cannabis growers by the state of residence. Obtaining a baseline estimate of cannabis growing practices prior to recreational cannabis markets emerging (2014) is important because such practices may undermine efforts to discourage diversion to youth. Tracking these acquisition patterns will better inform content for public health messaging and prevention education, particularly those targeting youth.

scholarly journals Patient engagement and problematic behaviours in nurse-staffed residential rehabilitation units

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Meaden ◽  
Martin Commander ◽  
Colin Cowan ◽  
Tom Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Complex Care ◽  
The Past ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Community Rehabilitation ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Residential Rehabilitation

Aims and methodTo build on previous research findings by examining engagement and problematic behaviours of patients in 10 residential rehabilitation units. Two measures were completed on patients in community rehabilitation, longer-term complex care and high-dependency units (109 patients in total). Data were analysed and categorised into higher-engagement ratings across the domains of engagement and behaviour over the past 6 months and lifetime in terms of presence of the behaviour and likelihood of resulting harm.ResultsData were available for 73% of patients. All aspects of engagement were consistently low for all units, with highest levels in community rehabilitation units. Levels of problematic behaviours were similar across all units. Socially inappropriate behaviours and failure to complete everyday activities were evident for over half of all patients and higher for lifetime prevalence. Verbal aggression was at significantly lower levels in community units. Lifetime behaviours likely to lead to harm were much more evident in high-dependency units.Clinical implicationsDespite some benefits of this type of care, patients continue to present challenges in engagement and problematic behaviours that require new approaches and a change in focus.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kadar Zinc dan Pola Asuh Ibu dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Usia 2 – 5 Tahun di Kecamatan Panti Kabupaten Pasaman

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Elsa Noftalina ◽  
Mayetti Mayetti ◽  
Afriwardi Afriwardi
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

Stunting is a short body condition based on height according to age (TB / U) whose standard deviation is less than -2 and -3 from the z-score calculation of the WHO child growth standard table. Stunting is an irreversible growth disorder due to inadequate nutrition and recurring infections during the first 1000 days of life. Indicators of chronic malnutrition that occur in a long time so that stunting in children under five, especially at the age of 2-5 years stunting will be clearly visible and is one indicator of chronic nutritional status that can provide an overall picture of the disorder in the past. The causes of stunting are lack of nutrition, infectious diseases, poor parenting, poor environmental sanitation and low health services. Zinc deficiency can cause impaired growth and decreased immunity. One of the biomarkers used is the analysis of hair zinc levels because it can describe chronic zinc levels in the past so it is appropriate to measure zinc levels in the stunting condition which is a long-standing condition of malnutrition. The croos sectional research design was carried out in the Panti District of Pasaman Regency and the West Sumatra Regional Health Laboratory in June to July 2019. The study sample were mothers and children aged 2-5 years as many as 60 people divided into two groups which are stunting and normal children, taken by proportional stratified simple random sampling. Zinc levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) while parenting used questionnaires. Statistical test using Mann Whitney test and Chi Square. The results showed the mean zinc levels in stunting children 154.70 (9-387) µg / g and zinc levels in normal children 241.00 (60-933) µg / g with p = 0.018. parental feeding (p = 0.009), hygiene parenting (p = 0.034). health care parenting (p = 0.017), psychosocial stimulation parenting care (0,000). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant association between zinc levels and parenting with the incidence of stunting.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN A STATE FROM THE SOUTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidieine Gonçalves Kataguiri ◽  
Lúcia Marina Scatena ◽  
Leiner Resende Rodrigues ◽  
Sybelle de Souza Castro
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
White Female ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Correspondence Factor Analysis ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the association between victims of sexual violence and the sociodemographic aspects related to exposure in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Method: an ecological study, where the database of the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, SINAN provided by the Minas Gerais State Health Department was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and Multiple Correspondence Factor Analysis (p≤0.05). Results: stepfathers were the predominant offenders, associated with schooling from 0 to 4th grade, brown-skinned ethnicity, and the residence as place of occurrence. When the offender was the father, there was association with an unknown place of occurrence, followed by the residence, abuse of male children between 0 and 9 years old, and living in municipalities from 200 to 500 thousand inhabitants. Stranger aggressors were associated with white female victims aged 15 years old or over, schooling between 5th grade and higher education, single act of sexual violence, in which physical violence was used and occurrence on public roads. Conclusion: sexual violence affects mainly women and children, the former being attacked on public roads and the latter in their own home environment by a known offender.

scholarly journals A Retrospective study on the dynamics of the clinical and Demographical evolution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Yazd province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Ali Fattahi Bafghi ◽  
◽  
Elham Rezaee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past

Leishmaniasis is considered as an important health problem in the world. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is epidemic in all of places of Iran, this disease begins as small swells and then they gradually grow and turn into wounds. Since the epidemiological study of this problem is effective in preventing and controlling it. The current research was conducted to study the epidemiological study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Yazd province during the past 5(2014-2018) years. This cross-sectional study has been conducted on registered information and documents of the patients having problem in Yazd province remedial and health care centers over the past 5 years. First, the registered demographic and epidemiological data of the patients were extracted and then they were analyzed by using SPSS 18 software with chi-square test and descriptive statistics.897 patients included 457 males (51.06%) and 439 females (48.94%). The majority of the patients were between nine 20-29 years old and the minority of them were over the range of 5-9 years old. Most lesions were on the hand and leg of the patients. It was also found that there was a significant relationship between age groups and types of Leishmaniasis (P<0.05) as well as gender and type Leishmaniasis (P<0.05). According to our study, there has been an ascending trend in disease frequency in Yazd province from 2014 to 2018. This increase in diseases due to lack of health and educational status of the people-is also a lack of personal hygiene.

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