Does Who You Know Affect How You Act? The Impact of Relationships on Bystander Intervention in Interpersonal Violence Situations

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (17) ◽  
pp. 2623-2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Palmer ◽  
Sarah C. Nicksa ◽  
Sarah McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Private University ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
Relational Distance ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
The Impact

This study utilized an experimental design to determine how bystanders would intervene in campus sexual assault (SA) or intimate partner violence (IPV) situations. Specifically, it examines whether the type of intervention (direct, indirect, or delegation) is associated with relational distance, the nature of the crime, or the sex of the bystander. A random sample of college students completed a web-based survey at a private university in the Midwest. Survey participants were randomly assigned two vignettes—an SA scenario ( n = 371) and an IPV scenario ( n = 350)—with one of three conditions: knew the victim, knew the perpetrator, or knew neither. Chi-square tests, binary logistic regressions, and predicted probabilities were conducted to test three hypotheses. Results indicate that relational distance affects how a bystander will intervene. In the SA vignette, students who knew the victim or perpetrator chose direct intervention. In the IPV vignette, students who knew the victim or perpetrator chose direct or indirect interventions. Students who knew neither the victim nor the perpetrator tended to choose to delegate the intervention to someone else for both crime types. Although there were differences by sex, the larger differences were between whether they knew someone or not. Still, men had the highest probability of directly intervening in the SA scenario, whereas women had the highest probability of indirectly intervening in the IPV scenario. The results of this study suggest that campus violence prevention programs should consider context-specific issues in their trainings such as relational distance and type of crime.

Posttraumatic Growth as a Mediator of Self-Blame and Happiness in the Context of Interpersonal Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Moschella ◽  
Sidney Turner ◽  
Victoria L. Banyard
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Sexual assault (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) occur at alarming rates in the United States. Prior research indicates that victims of traumatic events frequently experience both positive and negative changes as part of their recovery process. The present study aimed to further existing research by examining the relationship between self-blame, posttraumatic growth (PTG), and happiness when controlling for posttraumatic stress and time since victimization. The current study analyzed 357 women who had experienced at least one incident of SA or IPV. We found that PTG partially mediated the relationship between self-blame and happiness, suggesting that PTG only somewhat explains the impact of self-blame on victim happiness. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence in the Workplace: Results of a Saskatchewan Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052092187
Author(s):  
Crystal J. Giesbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Violence In The Workplace ◽  
The Impact

The present study adds to the small body of research that illustrates that when individuals are experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) at home, they are impacted at work. Data were collected using an anonymous web-based self-report survey of workers in Saskatchewan, Canada. Survey results demonstrate that IPV is prevalent among the workers surveyed. Half of all survey respondents reported that they had experienced IPV, and for 83%, it impacted them in work in at least one way. Some respondents had lost a job as a result of the abuse. In addition, the survey found that some respondents who had experienced IPV did not identify as having experienced IPV, demonstrating the need for increased public awareness about IPV. Recommendations for workplace responses to IPV are offered.

scholarly journals Violencia intrafamiliar y relaciones interpersonales en los escolares.

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Carmen Graciela Zambrano Villalba
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

En la historia de la humanidad, la violencia ha dejado huellas de destrucción masiva quitando  la vida a millones de  personas, en  diferentes épocas, legado que genera más violencia, y las víctimas aprenden de sus agresores. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el impacto de la violencia intrafamiliar sobre las relaciones interpersonales de niños y jóvenes escolares de las instituciones educativas de la Zona 5 de Ecuador, identificar  los factores que intervienen en la violencia intrafamiliar y establecer los diferentes modelos de comportamiento social que utilizan en sus relaciones interpersonales. La muestra estuvo comprendida por 11 053 estudiantes de 10–17 años, de séptimo año de Educación Básica media – superior,  a primero de Bachillerato. Para medir el clima familiar se utilizó el cuestionario de Moos y Moos (1981), y para las relaciones interpersonales la Escala de comunicación de padres-adolescentes de Barnes y Olson (1985), ambos, aplicados en otras investigaciones y alto nivel de confiabilidad y validez. De los resultados obtenidos, las manifestaciones más graves de violencia interpersonal es  la violencia intrafamiliar, violencia de pareja, maltrato infantil, de padres a hijos. Las diferentes formas de violencia intrafamiliar afectan a la población más vulnerable  e influye, de manera determinante, en el comportamiento de los escolares. Throughout the history of humanity, violence has left traces of mass destruction taking the lives of millions of people at different times of the world, whose legacy generates more violence, and victims learn from victimizers. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of domestic violence on interpersonal relations of children and young students of educational institutions in Zone 5 of Ecuador, identifying the factors involved in domestic violence and establish the different models of behavior they use in their social relationships. The sample was comprised of 11 053 students aged 10 to 17 years old from seventh year of primary and secondary education. To evaluate family atmosphere, a questionnaire by Moos, R and Moos, B. (1981) was used and for interpersonal relationships, the Scale communication of parent-adolescent by Barnes and Olson (1985) was taken, both with high level of reliability and validity applied in other research. According to the results, the most serious manifestations of interpersonal violence is domestic violence, partner violence and child abuse from parents to children. The different forms of domestic violence affect the most vulnerable people and influence in most cases the schoolchildren behavior.

Exploring the Impact of Dysfunctional Posttraumatic Survival Responses on Crime Revictimization

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Jacob Johannes Kunst ◽  
Frans Willem Winkel
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Repeat Victimization ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Victim Compensation ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ptsd Symptomatology

This study investigated the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and repeat victimization across crime types in survivors of traumatic interpersonal violence. An evolutionary psychological perspective was adopted to propose that symptoms of hyperarousal (particularly hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, and irritability or outbursts of anger) and numbing predict revictimization. These symptoms may act as manifestations of dysfunctional survival responses. Survival responses are adaptive in life-threatening situations but may work counterproductive in the absence of immediate threat. Participants were recruited through the Dutch Victim Compensation Fund (DVCF; N = 233). PTSD symptomatology was assessed between October and December 2007. Revictimization was measured 6 months later. Results were partly in line with expectations. Exaggerated startle response and symptoms of irritability or outbursts of anger but not hypervigilance and numbing were related to revictimization.

Stalking Victimization in LGBTQ Adults: A Brief Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1442-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Langenderfer-Magruder ◽  
N. Eugene Walls ◽  
Darren L. Whitfield ◽  
Shanna K. Kattari ◽  
Daniel Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Police Reporting ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Stalking Victimization

Stalking is often considered to be a form of interpersonal violence; yet, despite an increase in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ)-specific research on other forms of interpersonal violence, such as intimate partner violence and sexual assault, there is a relative lack of literature on stalking victimization of LGBTQ individuals, particularly as it relates to gender identity. This is problematic given the results of numerous studies indicating LGBTQ individuals, and transgender individuals in particular, experience victimization in various forms and contexts at alarming rates. In the current study, we examined secondary data to determine the prevalence of lifetime stalking victimization and subsequent police reporting in a large community-based sample of LGBTQ individuals living in Colorado ( N = 1,116). In addition, using chi-square analyses, we examined independence of stalking experiences and police reporting by both gender identity ( transgender, cisgender male, cisgender female) and sexual orientation ( gay, lesbian, bisexual, heterosexual, queer, other). Approximately 15% of the total sample reported ever experiencing stalking; yet, only about one quarter of those who were stalked reported it to police. Although no statistically significant differences emerged by gender identity or sexual orientation, transgender, bisexual, and queer participants had the highest prevalence of lifetime stalking victimization. Moreover, these groups reported the lowest prevalence of reporting their victimization to the police. We provide suggestions to improve the development of research on this topic including a need for an inclusive definition of stalking and studies using larger, representative samples to better discern potential significant differences in stalking experiences of LGBTQ persons.

The Impact of Participation in Research About Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence: An Investigation of Harms, Benefits, and Regrets in Young Adolescents in the Western Cape of South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 943-963
Author(s):  
Tracy McClinton Appollis ◽  
Sander Matthijs Eggers ◽  
Petrus J. de Vries ◽  
Hein de Vries ◽  
Crick Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Impact

There is very little evidence whether recalling and answering questions about abuse or interpersonal violence has a positive or negative impact on participants of such research. This is an important ethical dilemma to ensure an appropriate risk-benefit ratio in research with young people is maintained. We assessed reported harms, benefits, and regrets of young adolescents who participated in a sensitive research project, and compared the harms and benefits in those who had and had not been victims and/or perpetrators of abuse or intimate partner violence. Participants were 3,264 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years in 41 public schools in the Western Cape, South Africa, who completed a survey about intimate partner violence, verbal, physical, and sexual abuse, as part of an HIV prevention cluster randomized controlled trial. The majority of participants reported research participation as beneficial (70.3%), while 27.7% reported harms and 14% regrets. Victims of abuse were more likely than non-victims to report benefits (71.9% vs. 67.1%; p = .02) and harms (31% vs. 20.9%; p < .01) and were less likely to report regret (13.1% vs. 16.7%; p = .02). Perpetrators of abuse were less likely than non-perpetrators to report benefits (67.4% vs. 72.8%; p = .01) and more likely to report harms (36.4% vs. 26.1%; p < .01) and regrets (17.4% vs. 13.3%; p = .01). Our findings suggested that research participation was more likely to have a positive rather than a negative emotional impact on young adolescents and that relatively few regretted participating. Victims and perpetrators of abuse were more likely to report benefits than harms, supporting the ethical appropriateness of ongoing research on abuse and violence. We recommend that further research is required to clarify and standardize terminology and instruments to quantify these kinds of evaluations, including measurement of the severity and intensity of reported benefits, harms and regrets, and the longer term impact of participation in sensitive research.

Psychosocial Separation and Women’s Disengagement From Prosecutions Against Abusive Intimate Partners in Spain

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052098442
Author(s):  
María García-Jiménez ◽  
Alesha Durfee ◽  
María Jesús Cala-Carrillo ◽  
M. Eva Trigo
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
Abusive Relationship ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Comprehensive Recovery ◽  
The Impact

In order to end and “liberate” themselves from an abusive relationship, female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) usually face a complex process. Although women may decide to seek help through the criminal justice system, some refuse to participate in legal proceedings against their abusers. While many studies have focused on exploring variables explaining disengagement from legal proceedings, the aim of this article is to study the impact of the process of liberation from an abusive relationship on the likelihood of disengagement (LoD) from legal proceedings. Liberation was measured through the psychosocial separation overall score and the LoD was predicted by a logistic regression model developed in a previous study in Spain. A sample of 80 women involved in legal proceedings for IPV against their ex-partners in Andalusia (Spain) participated in this study. Exploratory analyses were conducted using ANOVA and Chi-square; multiple linear regression analyses were used to study the relationship between psychosocial separation and LoD. Results showed that victims who had higher psychosocial separation from their abusers were less likely to disengage from legal proceedings against the abuser. We discuss the results in terms of practical implications like detection of women’s need for specific psychological support to ease a comprehensive recovery. Training programs for legal professionals and judges in the judicial arena should use the results of this study to increase professionals’ understanding of IPV and survivors’ decision-making processes. This would lead to a decrease in survivors’ secondary victimization, as well as decrease the frustration of legal professionals when victims disengage from legal proceedings.

scholarly journals Assessment of a novel ophthalmology tele-triage system during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica C. Scanzera ◽  
Arthur Y. Chang ◽  
Nita Valikodath ◽  
Emily Cole ◽  
Joelle A. Hallak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Triage System ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Bivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a web-based tele-triage system was created to prioritize in-person clinic visits and ensure safety at the University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences during a statewide shelter-in-place order. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the tele-triage system on urgent visit volume and explore the characteristics of acute visit requests at a tertiary referral eye center. Methods This retrospective study analyzed acute visit requests between April 6, 2020 and June 6, 2020. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and bivariate logistic regression were used to compare variables with a p-value of 0.05. Results Three hundred fifty-eight surveys were completed. Mean age was 49.7 ± 18.8 years (range 2–91). The majority of requests were determined as urgent (63.0%) or emergent (0.8%). Forty-nine patients had recent eye trauma (13.7%), and the most common reported symptoms were new onset eye pain (25.7%) and photophobia (22.9%). Most patients were self-referred (63.7%), though provider referral was more common in patients with symptoms of new onset lid swelling (p < 0.01), diplopia (p < 0.01), flashing lights (p = 0.02), or droopy eyelid (p < 0.01). Patients presenting with symptom onset within 48 h tended to be younger (45.8 years) versus those with symptom duration of 48 h to 1 week (49.6 years), or more than 1 week (52.6 years; p < 0.01). Conclusion This novel tele-triage system screened out one-third of acute visit requests as non-urgent, which limited in-person visits during the initial shelter-in-place period of the pandemic. Tele-triage systems should be implemented in eye care practices for future emergency preparedness.

scholarly journals Web-based and mHealth interventions for intimate partner violence prevention: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e029880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J Anderson ◽  
Jean McClelland ◽  
Caitlin Meyer Krause ◽  
Keegan C Krause ◽  
David O Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Preventive Health Services ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Appraisal Tool

IntroductionVictims of intimate partner violence (IPV), or those individuals susceptible to IPV victimisation or perpetration, may benefit from participation in primary, secondary or tertiary interventions to address or mitigate exposure to violence despite mixed evidence of IPV intervention effectiveness. However, participation in such programmes is limited by poor access, sociocultural barriers and programme cost. As the world fast approaches universal access to the internet, web-based technologies and low-cost smartphones, new avenues to provide preventive health services including mobile health (mHealth) tools, platforms and services have emerged. The objective of this systematic review is to assess current web-based and mHealth interventions, which include web-based or mobile-based delivery methods for IPV prevention. Interpersonal violence is defined as perpetration or victimisation of a physical, psychological or sexual nature among adults. Interventions may be at the primary, secondary or tertiary level of the public health model.Methods and analysisThis systematic review will incorporate studies focused on any empirical prevention intervention intended for IPV victims or perpetrators of any gender where one or more components is web based or mobile based. Articles will be retrieved from the following academic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Open Grey, as well Google Scholar. Results will be limited to articles reporting primary data, published since 1998, and in English, Spanish, Portuguese or French. Data extraction procedures will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, a critical appraisal tool, will be used to record ratings of quality and risk of bias among studies selected for inclusion. Content analysis and between-study comparisons will be used to answer the objectives of this review.Ethics and disseminationResults from this review will be published in an open access format for the benefit of both academic and non-academic audiences, including community organisations and individuals seeking mHealth strategies to reduce and prevent IPV.Trial registration numberCRD42019123006.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of a cannabis course on pharmacy students’ understanding, beliefs and preparedness regarding medical and recreational cannabis

2021 ◽  
pp. 171516352110410
Author(s):  
Vikas Parihar ◽  
Michael A. Beazely ◽  
Laura Katz ◽  
Rita Dhami ◽  
Lisa Laureen Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Medical Documents ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Background: With the legalization of cannabis in Canada in 2018, pharmacists are increasingly likely to encounter patients using this substance. The primary objective of this pre-post questionnaire study was to evaluate the impact of an accredited cannabis course on the understanding, beliefs, perceptions and knowledge of undergraduate PharmD students. Methods: A 38-question, web-based survey generated in REDCap was administered to third-year PharmD students at the University of Waterloo, prior to and right after taking an accredited cannabis course. The pre- and postsurvey data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Pearson chi-square tests were performed on questions in which answers consisted of qualitative categorical data. Two-sided t tests were performed to test the significance of mean differences of questions measuring continuous variables. Results: In a class of 120 students, 110 completed the presurvey and 79 students completed the postsurvey. After the course, students were more likely to report being knowledgeable and prepared for patient encounters dealing with medical and recreational cannabis, understanding that medical cannabis should be prescribed for select (vs all) medical conditions, rating the quality of evidence as poor to moderate for medical use of cannabis, understanding that medical documents should be more prescriptive and understanding that cannabis should not be sold in pharmacies ( p < 0.05). Interpretation: With cannabis education a part of their curriculum, pharmacy students felt more prepared to engage patients using cannabis both medically and recreationally. Furthermore, students were more cautious regarding the potential use of cannabis therapeutically and indicated that more oversight should be in place. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2021;154:xx-xx.

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