Students as Prosocial Bystanders to Sexual Assault: Demographic Correlates of Intervention Norms, Intentions, and Missed Opportunities

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 731-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill C. Hoxmeier ◽  
Alan C. Acock ◽  
Brian R. Flay
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Athletic Participation ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Bystander Behavior ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Sexual assault is a major public health issue. Bystander engagement programs are becoming widely used to combat sexual assault on college campuses. The purpose of this study was to examine students’ intervention norms, intentions, opportunities, and behaviors as bystanders to sexual assault. Undergraduate students ( N = 779) completed the Sexual Assault Bystander Behavior Questionnaire in the fall of 2014. The t tests revealed differences in students’ intervention norms, intentions, opportunities, and missed opportunities based on sex, race/ethnicity, athletic participation, and fraternity/sorority membership. The findings support the use of additional measures to assess bystander behavior and to identify student subpopulations that may benefit from programs aimed at increasing prosocial intervention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Past-Year Sexual Assault Victimization Among Undergraduate Students: Exploring Differences by and Intersections of Gender Identity, Sexual Identity, and Race/Ethnicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. S. Coulter ◽  
Christina Mair ◽  
Elizabeth Miller ◽  
John R. Blosnich ◽  
Derrick D. Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Race Ethnicity

scholarly journals Sexual Assault Among College Students Attending a Historically Black College/University

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Deshawn Collington ◽  
Markea Carter ◽  
Aliyah Tolliver ◽  
Jocelyn Turner-Musa
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Historically Black ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Black College ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Private Matter

Sexual assault constitutes a significant public health problem on college campuses including historically Black colleges and universities (HBCU). Recent research suggests that sexual assault is increasing on college campuses. However, there are few studies examining the prevalence and risk factors for sexual assault at HBCUs. To address this gap, the current study examined the prevalence, correlates, and outcomes of sexual assault at an HBCU. Participants in the study were 264 undergraduate students from an HBCU in the mid-Atlantic region. The majority of participants were female (71%), African American (91%), and seniors (41%). After providing informed consent, participants completed a Climate Assessment survey administered by the university’s Office of Diversity. Findings revealed that since starting college about 20% of students experienced sexual contact without consent. Of those sexually assaulted, 20% reported they were incapacitated or under the influence of alcohol (15%) at the time of the assault. About 17% of those assaulted experienced a physical injury and/or poor mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety, depression, flashbacks). Participants reported not disclosing information of their assault due to embarrassment, afraid of retaliation from the perpetrator, believing it was a private matter. Close friends were more likely to be told about sexual assault. The study supports the need to address sexual assault on HBCU campuses through strong prevention and intervention programs and to address barriers to reporting.

Beyond Yes or No: Understanding Undergraduate Students’ Responses as Bystanders to Sexual Assault Risk Situations

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5772-5796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill C. Hoxmeier ◽  
Sarah McMahon ◽  
Julia O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual Assault Prevention ◽  
Bystander Behavior ◽  
Web Based ◽  
White House ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault

The White House Task Force to Protect Students From Sexual Assault recommends bystander engagement programming as part of campus sexual assault prevention efforts. Measuring students’ bystander behavior, and thus, assessing the effectiveness of such programming, is a challenging endeavor due to the range of risk situations students may witness, as well as the nuances in potential barriers students may face in these situations. Currently, many studies include dichotomous measures of bystander behavior without gathering further information about students’ opportunities to intervene, barriers to intervening, and intervention strategies. The current study sought to implement a more comprehensive approach to understanding the types of sexual assault risk situations students report to witness, as well as their response in those situations, reasons for not intervening, and any gender differences therein. In 2014, undergraduate students ( n = 9,358) at a large, public university in the Northeast completed a web-based survey to assess bystander opportunities and responses for six different risk situations. Results show that prosocial bystander responses varied depending on the risk situation. Of those students with opportunities to intervene, noninterveners reported the situation was “none of their business” or that they were “unsure of what to do.” Interveners reported to have either “confronted the situation directly” or “went and got assistance.” We also observed significant gender differences in students’ reported intervention opportunities and bystander responses. The findings of this study have several important implications for bystander engagement programming and future research.

Predicting Bystander Behavior to Prevent Sexual Assault on College Campuses: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Intent

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah McMahon ◽  
N. Andrew Peterson ◽  
Samantha C. Winter ◽  
Jane E. Palmer ◽  
Judy L. Postmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Bystander Behavior

Hearing Vocation Differently

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Affective Learning ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Multiple Voices ◽  
Faith Traditions ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Relationship

Colleges and universities have begun using the language of vocation and calling to help undergraduates think about the future direction of their lives. This language has been employed in both secular and religious contexts, but it has deep roots in a specific theological tradition. Given the increasingly multi-faith context of undergraduate life, many have asked whether this originally Christian terminology can truly become a new vocabulary for higher education. This volume’s 13 contributing scholars identify with a wide variety of faith traditions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and Sikhism. Some claim more than one tradition; others would claim none. Rather than seeking to “translate” Christian language into other perspectives, they reflect on various facets of vocation from the standpoint of their own traditions. Both individually and collectively, they seek to expand the range of vocational reflection and discernment well beyond its traditional Christian origins, addressing themes such as religious pluralism and difference, the importance of multiple voices, the role of affective learning, the relationship between process and result, and the development of an integrated life. The authors recognize that all undergraduate students—regardless of their academic field, religious background, or demographic identity—need to make space for reflection, to overcome obstacles to vocational discernment, and to consider the significance of their own narratives, beliefs, and practices. Accomplishing these goals will require college campuses to reimagine their curricular and co-curricular programming in order to support their students’ interfaith reflections on issues of meaning and purpose, as well as personal identity.

Psychological Predictors for Watching Television: The Role of Racial Representation

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110252
Author(s):  
Jennifer Archer ◽  
Kadie R. Rackley ◽  
Susan Broyles Sookram ◽  
Hien Nguyen ◽  
Germine H. Awad
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Racial Ideology ◽  
Psychological Predictors ◽  
Ethnic Representation ◽  
Racial Representation ◽  
Television Shows ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Race Ethnicity

This study explored psychological predictors that may impact viewers’ decision to watch television shows on the basis of perceived racial or ethnic representation. 1998 undergraduate students selected from a list of motivations for watching television that included race-specific motivations such as “a character is of my race/ethnicity.” Participants also completed attitudinal measures of colorblind racial ideology, social dominance orientation, ethnic identity, and ethnic stigma consciousness. Analysis revealed that prejudicial beliefs predicted less salience for racial representation when making choices about television watching, while deeper connection to one’s ethnic group predicted greater salience for representation when making these choices.

scholarly journals Chronic Hepatitis C: An Overview of Evidence on Epidemiology and Management from a Brazilian Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Castro ◽  
Hugo Perazzo ◽  
Beatriz Grinsztejn ◽  
Valdilea G. Veloso ◽  
Chris Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis

Chronic hepatitis C remains one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide and presents a variable natural history ranging from minimal changes to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis and its complications, such as development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately, 1.45 million people are estimated to be infected by HCV in Brazil representing a major public health issue. The aim of this paper was to review the epidemiology and management of chronic hepatitis C from a Brazilian perspective. The management of chronic hepatitis C has been challenged by the use of noninvasive methods to stage liver fibrosis as an alternative to liver biopsy and the high cost of new interferon-free antiviral treatments. Moreover, the need of cost-effectiveness analysis in hepatitis C and the recent changes in treatment protocols were discussed.

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