scholarly journals Sexual Violence Experience Among Nigerian Girls and Young Women: What Are the Roles of Early Sexual Debut, Multiple Sex Partnerships, and Traditional Gender Role Beliefs?

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052094567
Author(s):  
Natasha F. De Veauuse Brown ◽  
Francis B. Annor ◽  
Monica H. Swahn ◽  
Shannon R. Self-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Sexual Debut ◽  
Gender Role Beliefs ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners

In Nigeria, one in four females has experienced some form of sexual abuse. Therefore, it is imperative to examine risk factors associated with sexual violence victimization of Nigerian girls and young women to identify targets for prevention and help stakeholders prioritize response efforts. The present article focuses on secondary data analyses of 1,766 females, aged 13 to 24, interviewed in the population-based 2014 Nigeria Violence Against Children Survey. The outcome of interest is lifetime sexual violence (LSV). Several potential predictors were explored: beliefs about gender roles related to sex, early sexual debut (aged <16 years), and multiple sex partners in the past 12 months. Other risk factors assessed were age, ethnicity, religion, education, marital status, and employment. Logistic regression analyses estimated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results revealed that females who endorsed beliefs about patriarchal sexual decision-making (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = [1.28, 3.32]) or ever attended school (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = [1.35, 4.34]) were more likely to report experiencing LSV. Prevention programs that target traditional norm beliefs about gender and sexuality have the potential to influence sexual violence in Nigeria. In addition, school attendance may expose females to potential perpetrators. Thus, to prevent sexual violence of girls who attend school, implementing safety measures may be beneficial for protecting them while in and traveling to/from school.

scholarly journals Predictors of contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15 to 24 years in South Africa: results from the 2012 national population-based household survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Makola ◽  
L. Mlangeni ◽  
M. Mabaso ◽  
B. Chibi ◽  
Z. Sokhela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies

Abstract Background Despite a variety of contraceptives being available for women in South Africa, a considerable number of adolescent girls and young women still face challenges in using them. This paper examines socio-demographic and behavioral predictors of using contraceptives among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15 to 24 years. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted based on the 2012 population-based nationally representative multi-stage stratified cluster randomised household survey. Multivariate backward stepwise logistic regression model was used to examine socio-demographic and behavioural factors independently associated with contraceptive use amongst AGYW aged 15 to 24 years in South Africa. Results Out of 1460 AGYW, 78% (CI: 73.9–81.7) reported using some form of contraceptives. In the model, contraceptive use was significantly associated with secondary education [OR = 1.8 (1.2–2.7), p = 0.005], having a sexual partner within 5 years of their age [OR = 1.8 (1.2–2.5), p = 0.002], and sexual debut at age 15 years and older [OR = 2.5 (1.3–4.6), p = 0.006]. The likelihood of association decreased with other race groups-White, Coloured, and Indians/Asians [OR = 0.5 (0.3–0.7), p = 0.001], being married [OR = 0.4 (0.2–0.7), p = 0.001], never given birth [OR = 0.7 (0.5–0.9), p = 0.045], coming from rural informal [OR = 0.5 (0.3–0.9), p = 0.010] and rural formal settlements [OR = 0.5 (0.3–0.9), p = 0.020]. Conclusions Evidence suggest that interventions should be tailor-made to meet the needs of AGYW in order to, promote use and access to contraceptives. The results also suggest that family planning interventions should target those who had not given birth in order to reduce unplanned and or unintended pregnancies and associated risk factors. These findings contribute to public health discourse and reproductive health planning for these age groups in the country.

Sexual Violence Victimization Among Female Secondary School Students in Eastern Ethiopia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 608-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Belachew Bekele ◽  
Marcel A. G. van Aken ◽  
Judith Semon Dubas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Rejection Sensitivity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Violence Victimization

Behavioral, lifestyle, and relationship factors have all been identified as risk factors that increase a woman’s vulnerability to sexual violence victimization. However, it remains unclear which risk factors most strongly increase young women’s vulnerability to sexual violence victimization because most studies only examine a few factors simultaneously. Using a cross-sectional sample of 764 female secondary school students from eastern Ethiopia, multivariate analyses revealed that high-rejection sensitivity, having multiple sexual partners, the frequent watching of pornography, and use of alcohol or other soft drugs (Khat or shisha) are factors associated with higher levels of sexual violence victimization. The overall rates of victimization is high in this group, with 68% of the young women studied having experienced at least one instance of sexual violence victimization. Based on type of sexual perpetration, 52% of the young women were victimized by at least one instance of sexual offence, 56% by sexual assault, 25% by sexual coercion, and 15% by sexual aggression. Qualitative data gathered from interviews of extracurricular club members and school officials and focus group discussion with students were used to further augment and illustrate results from the quantitative data. Several suggestions for intervention are presented in light of these results.

Early sexual debut in Norwegian youth with epilepsy: A population-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten I. Lossius ◽  
Kristin Å. Alfstad ◽  
Betty Van Roy ◽  
Petter Mowinckel ◽  
Jocelyne Clench-Aas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Early Sexual Debut

Sexual Violence Prevalence and Related Pregnancy Among Girls and Young Women: A Multicountry Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093636
Author(s):  
Caroline E. Stamatakis ◽  
Steven A. Sumner ◽  
Greta Massetti ◽  
Howard Kress ◽  
Kathleen C. Basile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Violence Prevalence

This study aims to quantify the prevalence of forced sex, pressured sex, and related pregnancy among adolescent girls and young women in five low- and middle-income countries. Nationally representative, cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in Haiti, Malawi, Nigeria, Zambia, and Uganda among girls and young women aged 13 to 24 years. A stratified three-stage cluster sample design was used. Respondents were interviewed to assess prevalence of sexual violence, pregnancy related to the first or most recent experience of forced or pressured sex, relationship to perpetrator, mean age at sexual debut, mean age at pregnancy related to forced or pressured sex, and prevalence of forced/coerced sexual debut. Frequencies, weighted percentages, and weighted means are presented. The lifetime prevalence of forced or pressured sex ranged from 10.4% to 18.0%. Among these adolescent girls and young women, the percentage who experienced pregnancy related to their first or most recent experience of forced or pressured sex ranged from 13.2% to 36.6%. In three countries, the most common perpetrator associated with the first pregnancy related to forced or pressured sex was a current or previous intimate partner. Mean age at pregnancy related to forced or pressured sex was similar to mean age at sexual debut in all countries. Preventing sexual violence against girls and young women will prevent a significant proportion of adverse effects on health, including unintended pregnancy. Implementation of strategies to prevent and respond to sexual violence against adolescent girls and young women is urgently needed.

Determinants of high-risk sexual behaviour and condom use among adults in the Arusha region, Tanzania

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kagoma S. Mnyika ◽  
Knut-Inge Klepp ◽  
Gunnar Kvale ◽  
Naphtal Ole-King'Ori
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Early Sexual Debut ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Arusha Region

Summary: Determinants of multiple sexual partners and condom use among adults were assessed through a population-based survey in one urban, one semi-urban and one rural community in the Arusha region, northern Tanzania. The study samples were obtained by randomly selecting clusters of 10 households from the 3 communities. Informed verbal consent was sought from each respondent for participation in the study. High-risk sexual behaviours and condom use were assessed using a structured questionnaire. It was observed that significantly more men than women reported having multiple sexual partners (49% vs 25.2%; OR=1.69; 95% CI=1.51-1.90) and urban men were significantly more likely to report having multiple sexual partners than men in rural areas. In both men and women, early sexual debut was associated with having multiple sexual partners while travel, alcohol use, and sex under the influence of alcohol were significantly associated with multiple sexual partners in men only. AIDS-related discussion was significantly associated with having fewer sexual partners in both men and women. Of the 1551 respondents, 320 (20.6%) reported having ever used a condom and of the 320 respondents who had ever used a condom, 34 (10.6%) reported having used it at the last sexual intercourse. Significantly more men than women reported having ever used a condom (34.1% vs 14.1%; OR=1.77; 95% CI=1.56-2.01). In both men and women, early sexual debut and being young, unmarried, travelling out of the Arusha region and having multiple sexual partners were associated with increased condom use. For both men and women, frequent discussion of AIDS with family members or friends was associated with increased condom use. These data suggest that interventions targeting adolescents and young adults may be effective for control of HIV transmission in Tanzania. In particular, creation of opportunities for people to come together and discuss AIDS might be an important strategy.

AGE AT MENARCHE AND SEXUAL DEBUT AMONG YOUNG FILIPINO WOMEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nai-Peng Tey ◽  
Siow-Li Lai ◽  
Sor-Tho Ng
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Early Sexual Debut ◽  
Filipino Women ◽  
Younger Age

SummaryThere has been a secular decline in age at menarche since the 19th century. Early-maturing women are more likely to have their sexual debut at a younger age, which in turn gives rise to a host of reproductive health and social problems. This study used data from five waves of National Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in the Philippines between 1993 and 2013 to examine the trends and socioeconomic differentials in age at menarche and sexual debut. The changing trend in age at menarche and sexual debut was examined across birth cohorts, and logistic regressions were used to identify the determinants of early sexual debut. In the Philippines, the mean and median ages at menarche declined from 13.2 years and 12.6 years, respectively, among young women born in 1973–1977, to 12.9 years and 12.3 years, respectively, among those born in 1993–1997. The proportion who had their sexual debut by age 20 increased from 41.2% for the 1968–1972 birth cohort to 53.4% for the 1988–1992 birth cohort. Filipino women with low education, from poor families and living in rural areas were more likely to have earlier sexual debut despite attaining menarche at a later age as compared with their higher educated counterparts, and those from wealthier families and urban areas. Logistic regression analysis showed that, besides marital status, women’s education and age at menarche were important determinants of early sexual debut. However, ethnicity, place of residence and family wealth had no significant effects on age at menarche. An increasing proportion of young women were found to be having unprotected sexual debut and at a younger age, with health and social ramifications. Hence, apart from increasing the enrolment of girls in schools and discouraging teenage marriage, there is a need for social and health agencies to implement appropriate adolescent sexual and reproductive health programmes such as counselling and educational campaigns, as well as support services, to address sexual problems among the youth.

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