Examining the Relationship Between Incarceration and Population Health: The Roles of Region and Urbanicity

2020 ◽  
pp. 088740342091690
Author(s):  
Robert R. Weidner ◽  
Jennifer Schultz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Collateral Consequences ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Among the myriad collateral consequences of the high level of incarceration in the United States is its detrimental effects on public health. Just as there are geographic variations in level of incarceration within the United States, so too are there variations in health outcomes. This study examines the relationship between incarceration rates and population health for a national sample of counties from 2015, with a focus on how this relationship is influenced by both region (South vs. non-South) and whether a jurisdiction is rural. To obtain unbiased estimates of the effect of incarceration rates on two alternate health outcomes, it employs two-stage least-squares modeling, which accounts for the endogeneity of incarceration rates when determining their effect on population health. Results indicate that level of incarceration has a detrimental effect on both mortality (i.e., premature death) and morbidity (i.e., self-reported health), and that these effects are more pronounced in rural and Southern counties. Implications of these findings for both policy and research are considered.

scholarly journals Christian Nationalism and Views of Immigrants in the United States: Is the Relationship Stronger for the Religiously Inactive?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312098511
Author(s):  
Samuel Stroope ◽  
Heather M. Rackin ◽  
Paul Froese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Nationalism ◽  
Religious Service ◽  
Religious Service Attendance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Christian Nationalism ◽  
Service Attendance

Previous research has shown that Christian nationalism is linked to nativism and immigrant animus, while religious service attendance is associated with pro-immigrant views. The findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between religious ideologies and practices when considering how religion affects politics. Using a national sample of U.S. adults, we analyze immigrant views by measuring levels of agreement or disagreement that undocumented immigrants from Mexico are “mostly dangerous criminals.” We find that Christian nationalism is inversely related to pro-immigrant views for both the religiously active and inactive. However, strongly pro-immigrant views are less likely and anti-immigrant views are more likely among strong Christian nationalists who are religiously inactive compared with strong Christian nationalists who are religiously active. These results illustrate how religious nationalism can weaken tolerance and heighten intolerance most noticeably when untethered from religious communities.

Should We Put a Thin Subsidy on the Policy Table in the Fight against Obesity?

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Lordan ◽  
John Quiggin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
President Obama ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Artificially Sweetened Beverages

The idea of using 'fat taxes’ to curb obesity rates has been raised by many. In particular, the idea of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has received considerable attention in the United States and has recently been discussed by President Obama. Rather less attention has been given to the alternative of 'thin subsidies’, that is, subsidies for the consumption of foods or beverages likely to be associated with reduced incidence of obesity. This commentary examines the case for a subsidy for artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) or 'diet soft drinks’. In this commentary, we outline the evidence on the relationship between health outcomes, most notably obesity, and the consumption of SSBs and ASBs. In the light of the evidence we consider the economic effects of taxing SSBs, and the way in which those effects would be modified by the adoption of the alternative 'thin subsidy’ based on subsidising ASBs.

Public health nurses’ workforce factors and population health outcomes in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-836
Author(s):  
Seok Hyun Gwon ◽  
Young Ik Cho ◽  
Soonhwa Paek ◽  
Weiming Ke
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Nurses

The Surgeon’s Role in Addressing Racism and Achieving Health Equity

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110385
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Dawes ◽  
Nelson J. Dunlap ◽  
Shaneeta M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
National Crisis ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
States Experience

In the United States, the nation’s health is not an organic outcome. It is not a coincidence that certain groups of people living in the United States experience higher premature death rates or poorer health outcomes than others. For centuries, racial and ethnic as well as geographic differences in health outcomes have been part of the American landscape, so entrenched in society that many people fail to recognize that health inequities were intentionally derived. A national crisis tends to magnify inequities in our society, but even more alarming is the fact that as the country becomes more racially and ethnically diverse in the coming years, the health inequities are projected to worsen if we do not proactively and immediately address them. As we continue to grapple with the lasting impact of the pandemic, it is of vital importance that we utilize this time to acknowledge, understand, and seriously address the health inequities that have historically plagued the country for over 400 years. As the United States works overtime to stem the tide of the COVID-19 pandemic, it must also work equally hard to move in a more equitable, inclusive, and healthier direction, not only because of the more than 83 000 Americans dying prematurely each year but also because of the economic and national security toll it will have if not effectively addressed.

MÍSTICA E POESIA NA INTERFACE ENTRE RELIGIÃO E LITERATURA: A VIA MÍSTICA DE SÃO JOÃO DA CRUZ EM SEU CÂNTICO ESPIRITUAL "Mystique and poetry on the interface between Religion and Literature: the mystical Path of São João da Cruz in his Spiritual Canticle"

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Francisco Augusto Lima Paes ◽  
Josias Da Costa Júnior
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spiritual Journey ◽  
Religion And Literature ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
John Of The Cross ◽  
Mystical Literature ◽  
High Level ◽  
Phd Thesis ◽  
The Relationship

O principal objetivo deste artigo é aproximar mística e poesia a partir da via mística de João da Cruz em seu Cântico espiritual. Mística e poesia (CARVALHO, 2012; COSTA JÚNIOR, 2012) procedem da mesma fonte. Ambos os fenômenos não resultam da lógica racional e se expressam em discursos que se esbarram, penetram-se mutuamente: um texto místico exala o perfume poético, assim como o texto poético inala mística, mesmo que o poeta não confesse religião. Aproximar religião e mística oferece aos estudos de literatura a oportunidade de ampliar a visão reducionista do ser humano, à medida que seja superada a sua herança positivista, que impediu, quase completamente, a possibilidade de abertura à transcendência e ao mistério. Na verdade, a relação entre a religião cristã e variadas expressões artísticas motivou debates muito expressivos, tanto na Europa, quanto nos Estados Unidos (MAGALHÃES, 2000, p. 21). A religião sempre foi vista com certa desconfiança, recebendo críticas requintadas dos artistas e carregadas de alto teor de ironia que muitas vezes foi confundida com subserviência. Ao mesmo tempo em que se pode fazer essas constatações, não se pode deixar de registrar também que a literatura se apropriou, com extrema liberdade, de narrativas de textos sagrados, e com elas construiu verdadeiros tesouros literários. Metodologicamente, trata-se de um trabalho de revisão bibliográfica entre as abordagens de TEIXEIRA (2006); OLIVEIRA (2013) e SOUZA (2010), com alguns aspectos da tese de doutorado de Karol Wojtyla A doutrina da Fé segundo São João da Cruz.Palavras-chave: Itinerário espiritual. Poesia mística. Cântico espiritual.AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to get closer to the mystique and poetry through the mystical way from John of the Cross in his spiritual Canticle. Mystique and poetry (oak, 2012; COSTA JÚNIOR, 2012) Both phenomena are the result of rational logic and are expressed in speeches that collide, penetrate each other: a mystical text exudes the poetics smell. As well as the poetic text inhale Mystique, even if the poet did not confess religion. Approaching religion and mystical literature studies offers the opportunity to broaden the reductionist vision of the human being, as it surpassed its positivist heritage, which prevented, almost completely, the possibility of opening to transcendence and mystery. Actually, the relationship between Christian religion and varied artistic expressions motivated a lot of expressive debates in Europe and in the United States (MAGELLAN, 2000, p. 21). Religion has always been regarded with some suspicion, receiving critiques of artists and being loaded with sophisticated high level of irony that often was confused with subservience. At the same time you can make these findings, one can't help but register that literature also appropriated, with extreme freedom, narratives of sacred texts, and with them built true literary treasures. Methodologically, it is a work of literature review between the approaches of TEIXEIRA (2006); OLIVEIRA (2010) and SOUZA (2010), with some aspects of the PhD thesis of Karol Wojtyla the doctrine of Faith according to Saint John of the Cross.Keywords: Spiritual journey. Mystical poetry. Spiritual song.

The Limits of US Power: Transatlantic Financial Diplomacy under the Johnson and Wilson Administrations, October 1964–November 1968

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLEN O'HARA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Lyndon Johnson ◽  
High Level ◽  
Financial Diplomacy ◽  
The Relationship

Historians' views of the transatlantic financial diplomacy of the later 1960s have been dominated by the idea of a secret deal made between President Lyndon Johnson and Prime Minister Harold Wilson in 1965, which traded US financial help for a continuation of the United Kingdom's world defence role. This notion has become extremely widespread, and is often taken for granted in historical writing. There was a high level of co-operation between the two men: as a number of writers have made clear, Wilson and Johnson shared a number of unspoken objectives which may have tied the interests of the two leaders together without any formal pact. However, the difficulty with arguments focusing on their ‘deal’ is that such work often underestimates the extent to which Britain was able to manipulate the relationship to its own ends. The United States still required British help, and needed therefore to support Britain in a number of fields – diplomatic, economic and military.

scholarly journals Group-centric attitudes mediate the relationship between need for closure and intergroup hostility

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Dugas ◽  
Noa Schori-Eyal ◽  
Arie W. Kruglanski ◽  
Yechiel Klar ◽  
Kate Touchton-Leonard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
West Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Need For Closure ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

A model of the relationship between need for closure (NFC) and intergroup hostility was tested in four studies. According to the model, heightened NFC promotes glorification of the ingroup which fosters support for extreme measures against the group’s perceived enemies. In a parallel process, high level of NFC induces perceptions of ingroup victimhood, which also adds support for aggressive actions toward rival outgroups. In the first two studies, conducted in Palestine’s West Bank (Study 1) and in the United States (Study 2), NFC promoted a greater sense of moral entitlement to engage in violence against the outgroup, and this was mediated by perceived ingroup victimhood. The subsequent two studies tested the full hypothesized parallel mediation model among students in Northern Ireland (Study 3) and Jewish-Israelis (Study 4). Results largely supported the proposed model. Findings are discussed in relation to additional evidence linking NFC to phenomena of intergroup hostility.

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