The Lithuanian Political Party System: A Case Study of Democratic Consolidation

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Clark
2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Steven R. Edscorn

The American Political Party System: A Reference Handbook brings together readable, informative essays about the formation and influence of and controversies surrounding political parties in the United States; profiles of significant people and organizations; responsibly argued opinion essays from a variety of perspectives; and important primary-source documents and data. Major sections include “Background and History,” “Problems, Controversies, and Solutions,” “Perspectives,” “Profiles,” and “Data and Documents.” Examples of subsections and entries include “The Transformative Election of McKinley and the Progressive Era, 1896–1932,” “Structural Barriers or Impediments to Third-Party Candidates,” “Make America Great Again PAC,” “MoveOn.org,” “David Koch (1935–),” “Harry Reid (1939),” “Jill Stein (1950–),” “Donald Trump’s Proposed Immigration Policies,” “Election Results, 2016 Presidential Vote, by Select Group Categories,” and “Millard Fillmore’s Speech, June 26, 1856, on American Party Principles.”


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aljabar Putra ◽  
Rezky Panji Perdana Martua Hasibuan ◽  
Indra Rahmatullah

Political party is an entry point to affirm the Democratical State. In order to realize the function, political party needs operational fund so that the state issued Government Regulation Number 1 of 2018 concerning Financial Aid to Political Party which raised financial assistance to political party from 108 rupiahs per valid vote to 1,000 rupiahs per valid vote. However, it became polemic because of increasing political party aid fund without supervision of the management and reporting of aid fund. As a result of the absence of supervision, there is corruption in political party because the supervision of management, reporting of political party fund and sanction have not been done optimally so that political party is not able to accommodate and realize the principles of Good and Clean Governance as mentioned in Law Number 2 Year 2011 concerning Political Party. The purpose of this research is to answer the polemic of increasing political party budget related to the system of monitoring political party fund comprehensively. The method used is juridical-normative with legislation and conceptual approach.Keywords: Political Party, Fund System and Pillar Democration.


2002 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 1010-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lau Siu-kai ◽  
Kuan Hsin-chi

Hong Kong's political parties are now in decline after the return of the former British colony to China. The decline of political parties stands out in stark relief in a context featuring “Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong” and gradual democratization. A major reason for the decline is the stunted political party system of Hong Kong. Prominent in that stunted system is the absence of a ruling party. The stunted party system is primarily the result of Beijing's antipathy towards party politics in Hong Kong, which in turn discourages party formation by the Hong Kong government and the conservative elites. The lack of incentives for the business elites to organize political parties to protect their interests is another major reason. The stunted party system has produced serious adverse consequences for the governance of Hong Kong, representation of interests, public attitudes towards the political class and the further democratization of the territory.


Author(s):  
Amílcar Antonio Barreto

Puerto Ricans, US subjects since 1898, were naturalized en masse in 1917. Congress did so to eliminate the possibility of independence from the US. That citizenship is the cornerstone of island-mainland relations for those advocating a continued relationship with the United States—either in the form of the 1952 Commonwealth constitution or statehood. The epicenter of Puerto Rican partisan life remains the status question. This remarkably stable political party system featured two strong parties of near-equal strength—the pro-Commonwealth PPD and its statehood challenger, the PNP— and a small independence party, the PIP. A core feature of the PNP’s platform has been estadidad jíbara—"creole statehood.” In theory, a future State of Puerto Rico would be allowed to retain its cultural and linguistic autonomy while attaining full membership as the 51st state of the Union.


Author(s):  
Brendan O’Leary

The return of direct rule to Northern Ireland in 1972 and its mechanisms and conduct are outlined in this chapter. Their impact upon the local political party system is treated at length, as are the first consociational initiatives pursued under Conservative and Labour governments in the UK. The failure of the first peace process is considered, as well as Britain’s counterinsurgency policies and their limits. Criminalization, Ulsterization, and Normalization were the policies begun under Callaghan’s government and continued by the Conservatives until they were broken by the republican hunger strikes. The new consociational initiatives after the hunger strikes are examined.


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