Toward a New Rural Typology: Mapping Resources, Opportunities, and Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124242110691
Author(s):  
Christelle Khalaf ◽  
Gilbert Michaud ◽  
G. Jason Jolley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Level Data ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Economic Development Strategies

While the concept of rurality has been debated in academic and professional literature for decades, less research has been done on a practical typology that can guide localized economic development strategies. This paper adds to the growing body of literature in search of a more nuanced definition of rural by applying unsupervised machine learning (ML) to the abundance of existing county-level data in the United States. The authors illustrate how this method can lead to a new county typology, named after economic development strategies, that accounts for idiosyncrasies in resources, opportunities, and challenges. This research serves as a practical step toward tractable, heterogeneous classifications that can inform the work of federal, state, and local policy makers, economic development practitioners, and many others.

Evaluating Economic Development Strategies

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Accordino
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Community Benefits ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Right ◽  
Economic Development Strategies

This essay reviews recent evaluations of three of the most widely used state and local economic development strategies—traditional business recruitment, enterprise zones, and high-technology development. The studies do not succeed in their efforts to produce broadly generalizable findings that provide clear guidance to state and local policymakers and practitioners. Rather, they show that local conditions are responsible for the success or failure and level of net community benefits to be derived from any approach. Under the right conditions, each of the approaches described here might be appropriate.

Public preferences for Zika policy and responsibility in the absence of partisan cues

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Connolly ◽  
Casey Klofstad ◽  
Joseph Uscinski ◽  
Jonathan West
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Policy Actor ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIn the absence of partisan ownership of an issue, what factors shape public preferences for federal, state and local policy action? The Zika virus provides a unique context in which to examine this question, as it is a new threat to public health in the United States and lacks clear partisan ownership. We examine (1) which Zika policies do citizens support, (2) at which level(s) of government and (3) what factors explain citizen assignment of policy responsibility to different levels of government? Using nationally representative survey data, we find that the three most popular policy responses to Zika are travel warnings, research funding and public education, with the federal government being the preferred policy actor. In the absence of clear partisan issue ownership, we find that Republicans are significantly more likely to prefer state policy action, while partisanship has no impact on public preferences for federal or local policy action.

Meaning and Action in Local Economic Development Strategies: A Comparison of Policies in Britain and the United States

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
P B Meyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Economic Development Strategies ◽  
Cross National

Examinations and assessments of different countries' local economic development strategies have tended to overlook the very different rationales for such activity in diverse politicoeconomic cultures. Differences in the meanings ascribed to locality, to development, and to different programmatic partnerships—and in the divergent patterns of associated local actions—are studied by examining the metaphors used in the development policy literatures in Britain and the United States. The dominant UK metaphors are found to be control, coordination, and centralization, whereas those for the USA emerge as conflict, competition, and change. Enterprise Zones and Urban Development Corporations in the two countries are then examined for differences in practice, and it is concluded that differences in the societal and political meanings attributed to the two programs underscore the difficulties of cross-national transfer of development approaches.

scholarly journals Toward Effective Water Pipe Tobacco Control Policy in the United States: Synthesis of Federal, State, and Local Policy Texts

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason B. Colditz ◽  
Jessica N. Ton ◽  
A. Everette James ◽  
Brian A. Primack
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Pipe Tobacco ◽  
Policy Texts

Purpose. Water pipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is growing in popularity among U.S. young adults and is associated with health risks similar to those of cigarette smoking. The purpose of this study is to examine existing tobacco control policies (TCPs) in order to investigate how they engage WTS. Approach. A systematic synthesis of content and legal interactions among federal, state, and local TCP documents. Setting. Pennsylvania, which represents a politically and demographically diverse microcosm of the United States. Participants. No human subjects. Method. Federal and state TCPs were retrieved via public legal repositories. Local policy searches were conducted via county/municipal Web sites, inclusive of 13 localities that had autonomous health departments or existing TCPs based on a National Cancer Institute report. Full-text TCPs were double coded within a grounded theory framework for health policy analysis. Emergent codes were used to compare and contrast policy texts and to examine legal interactions among TCPs. Results. Examination of policy categories including youth access, use restrictions, and taxation revealed WTS as largely omitted from current TCPs. WTS was sometimes addressed as an “other” tobacco product under older TCPs, though ambiguities in language led to questionable enforceability. State preemptions have rolled back or prevented well-tailored reforms at the local level. Federal preemptions have likewise constrained state TCPs. Conclusion. Outdated, preempted, and unclear policies limit the extent to which TCPs engage WTS. Health advocates might target these aspects of TCP reform.

Is This the Care We Need?: An Examination of Childcare Policy in Pennsylvania

Commonwealth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Sweet-Cushman ◽  
Ashley Harden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Current System ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Women And Politics ◽  
Richard Nixon ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Childcare Policy

For many families across Pennsylvania, child care is an ever-present concern. Since the 1970s, when Richard Nixon vetoed a national childcare program, child care has received little time in the policy spotlight. Instead, funding for child care in the United States now comes from a mixture of federal, state, and local programs that do not help all families. This article explores childcare options available to families in the state of Pennsylvania and highlights gaps in the current system. Specifically, we examine the state of child care available to families in the Commonwealth in terms of quality, accessibility, flexibility, and affordability. We also incorporate survey data from a nonrepresentative sample of registered Pennsylvania voters conducted by the Pennsylvania Center for Women and Politics. As these results support the need for improvements in the current childcare system, we discuss recommendations for the future.

The Pittsburgh Transition: Not Quite So Simple

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124242110248
Author(s):  
Sabina Deitrick ◽  
Christopher Briem
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Significant Other ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Economic Development Strategies

Benjamin Armstrong’s article compares state economic development policies in Pittsburgh and Cleveland in the 1980s, the period of major regional economic restructuring. Armstrong argues that what separated Pittsburgh from Cleveland in the ensuring years was the state-mandated inclusion of the city’s universities as major economic development decision makers and the role that advanced technology played in Pittsburgh’s recovery—much more prominent than in Cleveland’s. The authors agree that the 1980s expanded stakeholders in the region’s traditional economic development strategies, but not to the extent that Armstrong argues, and that significant other factors have affected the two regions in recent decades. The authors also find that the divergence in economic trends between the two regions is not a strong as Armstrong suggests.

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