Independent Effects of Renal and Peritoneal Clearances on the Mortality of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheuk-Chun Szeto ◽  
Teresa Yuk-Hwa Wong ◽  
Kai-Ming Chow ◽  
Chi-Bon Leung ◽  
Man-Ching Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Independent Effects

Objective Previous studies show that peritoneal Kt/V is an independent predictor of survival in anuric patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We studied whether peritoneal Kt/V has the same effect in CAPD patients with residual renal function. Design Observational cohort study. Setting Single dialysis center in a university teaching hospital. Patients New and prevalent CAPD patients. Methods We examined the 5-year follow-up results of our prospective study previously reported ( Kidney Int 2000; 58:400–7). A total of 270 CAPD patients were followed for up to 6 years. Dialysis adequacy indices, residual renal function, and nutritional data were monitored. Outcome Measures Primary outcomes included mortality and technique failure. Peritoneal Kt/V rather than total Kt/V was used for multivariate survival analysis. Results Average duration of follow-up was 35.1 ± 22.0 months. Average peritoneal Kt/V throughout the study was 1.59 ± 0.37; median residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 0.82 mL/minute. Five-year actuarial patient survival was 41.5%, and technique survival was 23.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that sex, age, duration of dialysis, presence of diabetes, serum albumin, dialysate-to-plasma creatinine ratio at 24 hours, peritoneal Kt/V, residual GFR, and normalized protein nitrogen appearance were independent factors of both actuarial patient survival and technique survival. For every 0.1 unit higher peritoneal Kt/V, relative mortality risk was 0.94 (95% CI 0.89 – 0.99, p = 0.03). When prevalent and new CAPD cases were analyzed separately, peritoneal Kt/V predicted survival only for prevalent CAPD patients. Conclusion We conclude that, in prevalent CAPD patients with relatively low levels of peritoneal clearance and residual renal function, a higher peritoneal Kt/V is associated with better survival. Peritoneal clearance below 1.6 – 1.7 likely has a major detrimental effect on the clinical outcome of CAPD patients with little residual renal function.

scholarly journals Impact of Dialysis Adequacy on the Mortality and Morbidity of Anuric Chinese Patients Receiving Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHEUK-CHUN SZETO ◽  
TERESA YUK-HWA WONG ◽  
KAI-MING CHOW ◽  
CHI-BON LEUNG ◽  
MAN-CHING LAW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy ◽  
Technique Survival

Abstract. Dialysis adequacy has a major impact on the outcome of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. However, most studies on peritoneal dialysis adequacy have focused on patients with significant residual renal function. The present study examined the effect of dialysis adequacy on anuric CAPD patients. A single-center prospective observational study on 140 anuric CAPD patients was performed. These patients were followed for 22.0 ± 11.9 mo. Dialysis adequacy and nutritional indices, including Kt/V, creatinine clearance (CCr), protein equivalent nitrogen appearance, percentage of lean body mass, and serum albumin level were monitored. Clinical outcomes included actuarial patient survival, technique survival, and duration of hospitalization. In the study population, 64 were male, 36 (25.7%) were diabetic, and 59 (42.1%) were treated with 6 L exchanges per day. The body weight was 59.2 ± 10.2 kg. Average Kt/V was 1.72 ± 0.31, and CCr was 43.7 ± 11.5 L/wk per 1.73m2. Two-yr patient survival was 68.8%, and technique survival was 61.4%. Multivariate analysis showed that DM, duration of dialysis before enrollment, serum albumin, and index of dialysis adequacy (Kt/V or CCr) were independent factors of both patient survival and technique survival. It was estimated that for two patients who differed only in weekly Kt/V, a 0.1 higher value was associated with a 6% decrease in the RR of death (P < 0.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 0.99). Serum albumin and CCr were the only independent factors that predicted hospitalization. It was found that even when there is no residual renal function, higher dialysis dosage is associated with better actuarial patient survival, better technique survival, and shorter hospitalization. Dialysis adequacy has a significant impact on the clinical outcome of CAPD patients, and the beneficial effect is preserved in anuric patients as well as in an ethnic group that has a low overall mortality.

Improving Outcome of Capd: Twenty-Five Years’ Experience in a Single Korean Center

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hyeok Han ◽  
Sang Choel Lee ◽  
Song Vogue Ahn ◽  
Jung Eun Lee ◽  
Hoon Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Technique Failure

Background Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is an established treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We investigated the outcome of CAPD over a period of 25 years at our institution. Methods CAPD has been performed in 2301 patients in 25 years. After excluding patients with less than 3 months of follow-up and missing data, we evaluated 1656 patients who started peritoneal dialysis between November 1981 and December 2005. Data for sex, age, primary disease, co-morbidities, follow-up duration, cause of death, and cause of technique failure were collected. We also examined data for urea kinetic modeling (UKM), beginning in 1990, and peritonitis episodes, including causative organisms, starting in 1992. Results Compared to incident patients from 1981 – 1992, mean age and incidence of ESRD caused by diabetic nephropathy increased in patients from 1993 to 2005. Technique survival after 5 and 10 years was 71.9% and 48.1% respectively. Technique survival was significantly higher in patients who started CAPD after 1992 than in those who started before 1992. Peritonitis was the main reason for technique failure. Overall peritonitis rate was 0.38 episodes per patient-year, with a significant downward trend to 0.29 per patient-year over 10 years, corresponding to a decrease in gram-positive peritonitis. Patient survival after 5 and 10 years was 69.8% and 51.8% respectively. Patient survival improved significantly during 1992 – 2005 compared to 1981 – 1992 after adjustment for age, gender, diabetes, and cardiovascular comorbidities [hazard ratio (HR) 0.68, p < 0.01]. Subgroup analysis based on UKM revealed that dialysis adequacy did not affect patient survival. However, diabetes (HR 2.78, p < 0.001), older age (per 1 year: HR 1.06; p < 0.001), serum albumin level (per 1 g/dL: increase, HR 0.52; p < 0.05), and cardiovascular comorbidities (HR 2.32, p < 0.01) were identified as significant risk factors. Conclusion Technique survival has improved due partly to a decrease in peritonitis, which was attributed to a decrease in gram-positive peritonitis. Patient survival has also improved considering increases in aged patients and ESRD caused by diabetes. The mortality rate of CAPD is still high in older, diabetic, malnourished, and cardiovascular diseased patients. A more careful management of higher risk groups will be needed to improve the outcome of CAPD patients in the future.

scholarly journals P1135WHETHER USPD PATIENTS ARE SUITABLE FOR INCREMENTAL PERITONEAL DIALYSIS:YES OR NO?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
Jia LV ◽  
Lan Li ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Dapeng Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Dialysis Dose ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy ◽  
Exit Site Infection ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Mechanical Complications

Abstract Background and Aims Incremental Peritoneal Dialysis (IPD) is the practice of initiating PD exchange less than four times a day in consideration of residual renal function (RRF). More clinical studies have confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of IPD, especially in the protection of residual renal function, which is obviously superior to full-dose PD. Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (USPD) is a popular PD method. Due to lack of pre-dialysis education, most of patients who were newly diagnosed with ESRD in China chose USPD. Well, can incremental peritoneal dialysis be used for USPD patients when starting dialysis? Compared to full-dose PD, whether incremental PD affects the residual renal function in USPD patients? Here we report the first study of incremental peritoneal dialysis’s effect on residual renal function. Method A retrospective analysis of medical records was performed on 169 patients who received USPD from August 2008 to March 2017. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to dialysis dose: incremental PD(i-PD) group (dialysis dose were less than or equal to 6000ml or 3 exchanges per day) and full-dose PD(f-PD) group (dialysis dose were great than or equal to 8000ml or 4 exchanges per day). The demographics, clinical biochemical indexes, dialysis dose, urine volume, dialysis ultrafiltration volume, RRF, dialysis adequacy, peritoneal dialysis infection complications, mechanical complications and survival rates were compared between two groups in 1 year follow-up. Results: (1).A total of 169 patients were enrolled, including 111 patients (average age 45.01±12.84 years) in i-PD group and 58 patients (average age 43.5±15.62 years) in f-PD group. The demographics and clinical biochemical indexes in the two groups before peritoneal dialysis were similar (P&gt;0.05). (2).During the follow-up period, the dialysis dose in f-PD group(8034.48±262.61ml/d, 8080.00±395.80ml/d, 8155.17±523.21ml/d, 8051.72±906.55ml/d) were more than those in i-PD group(5891.89±528.31ml/d, 6159.57±1185.06ml/d, 6468.47±1588.71ml/d, 6900.90±1543.05ml/d), P&lt;0.05. And the dialysis adequacy in both groups were up to standard: the total Kt/V (i-PD group: 1.96±0.56, 2.01±0.70, 2.02±0.55, 1.90±0.52; f-PD group: 2.18±0.47, 2.22±0.55, 2.05±0.44, 2.03±0.42) were greater than 1.7 and the total Ccr (i-PD group: 79.39±29.75, 79.02±25.11, 78.26±30.00, 73.09±29.14; f-PD group: 89.78±29.89, 91.54±35.56, 82.38±29.27, 72.96±23.75) were greater than 60L. (3).During the whole follow-up period, the residual renal function between two groups had no statistically significant(i-PD group: 3.96±2.52ml/min, 3.46±1.95ml/min, 3.58±2.85ml/min, 2.91±2.33ml/min; f-PD group: 4.31±4.83ml/min, 3.45±2.36ml/min, 3.16±2.15ml/min, 2.36±1.65ml/min), P&gt;0.05. (4).During the whole follow-up period, the blood pressure control, correction of anemia, and correction of calcium and phosphorus abnormalities were also similar in both groups, P&gt;0.05. (5).At 1-month and 6-month, the urine volume were higher in i-PD group(1024.33±492.91ml/d, 1017.03±571.66ml/d) than those in f-PD group(782.93±415.89ml/d, 788.27±491.02ml/d), P&lt;0.05. The dialysis ultrafiltration volume in f-PD group (481.67±723.69ml/d, 632.77±687.89ml/d, 338.87±963.14ml/d, 750.43±849.69ml/d) were higher than those in i-PD group(343.30±520.00ml/d, 495.70±916.76ml/d, 341.78±925.57ml/d, 439.65±1297.13ml/d) during the whole follow-up period, but the differences were not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05). (6).The exit-site infection, peritonitis, mechanical complications and technical survival were similar between the two groups (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion Incremental peritoneal dialysis will not cause rapid decline of residual renal function in USPD patients, and the dialysis effect and complications are similar to full-dose peritoneal dialysis. Therefore, we recommend that USPD patients can be treated by incremental peritoneal dialysis.

scholarly journals P1154EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM HEMODIALYSIS WITH CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER(HD-CVC) ON PATIENTS WITH URGENT-START PERITONEAL DIALYSIS(USPD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
Jia LV ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Lan Li ◽  
Jiping Sun
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy

Abstract Background and Aims Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (USPD) has gained increasing worldwide attention. Studies have suggested that USPD has many advantages concerning the early complications, survival rates and medical expenses. Due to the lack of pre-dialysis education, most patients newly diagnosed with ESRD in China have less knowledge about the dialysis methods, whether HD or PD. So, some patients choose to receive the short-term hemodialysis with central venous catheter (HD-CVC) before USPD. Whether the HD-CVC affected USPD, and whether it was necessary for ESRD patients without indications of emergency dialysis to undergo HD-CVC transition before USPD, were addressed. So we investigate the effects of the HD-CVC on urgent-start peritoneal dialysis. Method Retrospective analysis was performed on patients who received USPD from August 2008 to March 2017 in the first affiliated hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. According to whether hemodialysis and central venous catheterization were performed before PD, these patients were divided into two groups: USPD group (HD-CVC was not performed before PD) and HD-PD group (HD-CVC was given after admission, and then the PD catheterization was performed within 2 weeks ). The follow-up time was 1 year. The differences in clinical biochemical indexes, dialysis dose, urine volume, residual renal function, dialysis adequacy, peritoneal dialysis complications and technical survival rate between the two groups were observed. Results 1.A total of 482 patients were enrolled in this study, including 315 in the USPD group (average age 48.56±14.92 years) and 167 in the HD-PD group (average age 48.87±14.49 years). The demographics and clinical biochemical indexes (including creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, and blood potassium before admission) were similar between the two groups, and the differences were not statistically significant(P&gt;0.05).2. After PD for 1month, residual renal function, UKt/V and TKt/V in the USPD group were significantly higher than those in the HD-PD group, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were significantly lower than those in the HD-PD group (USPD group: 4.41±4.0ml/min, 0.79±0.44, 2.17±1.39, 17.79±4.96mmol/L, 663.15±182.03umol/L; HD-PD group: 3.67±2.39ml/min, 0.64±0.42, 1.92±0.55, 19.08±8.21 mmol/L, 711.02±280.3umol/L), and the differences were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05, respectively).After PD for 6months, the urine volume in the USPD group were significantly higher than those in the HD-PD group(USPD group:964.84±539.95ml/d; HD-PD group 794.39±569.17ml/d), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.002). 3. During the whole follow-up period, the exit-site infection rate, peritonitis infection rate, mechanical complications and technical survival rate were similar between the two groups, with no statistically significant difference (P&gt;0.05,respectively). Conclusion Hemodialysis with central venous catheter before USPD affected the residual renal function and dialysis adequacy. HD-CVC as a pretreatment is not recommended to the end-stage renal disease patients who required PD but without the indication of emergency dialysis.

scholarly journals Residual renal function and blood count in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
Natasa Jovanovic ◽  
Mirjana Lausevic ◽  
Biljana Stojimirovic
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Positive Correlations

Introduction:Most of patients with chronic renal failure are affected by normochromic, normocytic anemia caused by different etiological factors. Anemia causes a series of symptoms in chronic renal failure, which can hardly be recognized from the uremic signs. Anemia adds to morbidity and mortality rates in patients affected by advanced chronic renal failure. Blood count partially improves during the first months after starting the chronic renal replacement therapy, in correlation with the quality of depuration program, with extension of erythrocyte lifetime and with hemoconcentration due to reduction of plasma volume. Recent trials found that higher residual renal function (RRF) significantly reduced co-morbidity, the rate and duration of hospitalization and risk of treatment failure. Objective: The aim of the study was to follow blood count parameters in 32 patients on chronic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) during the first six months of treatment, to evaluate the influence of demographic and clinical factors on blood count and RRF, and to examine the correlation between RRF and blood count parameters. Method: A total of 32 patients affected by end-stage renal disease of different major cause during the first six months of CADP treatment were studied. RRF and blood count were evaluated as well as their relationship during the follow-up. Results: Blood count significantly improved in our patients during the first six months of CAPD treatment even if Hb and HTC failed to reach normal values. Iron serum level slightly decreased because of more abundant erythropoiesis and iron utilization during the first six months of treatment. RRF slightly decreased. After six months of CAPD treatment, the patients with higher RRF had significantly higher Hb, HTC and erythrocyte number and a lot of positive correlations between RRF and anemia markers were observed. Conclusion: After 6-month follow-up period, the patients with higher RRF had significantly higher blood count parameters, and several positive correlations between RRF and blood count markers were confirmed.

scholarly journals P1145ADEQUACY AND SURVIVAL IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS: TEN YEARS EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Terlizzi ◽  
Elena Pezzini ◽  
Roberta Cortinovis ◽  
Diana Bertoni ◽  
Alessandra Pola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Dialysis Modality ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy ◽  
Dialysis Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Uremic Patients

Figure: Background and Aims in Italy only a minority of uremic patients perform peritoneal dialysis (PD). In dialysis centers where PD is practiced and proposed the prevalence is no more than 23%. Proposed advantages of PD over HD are a more preserved Residual renal function (RRF), that has been associated with better survival, and better Quality of life (Qol) due to possible more preservation of previous lifestyle, independence, possibility of traveling, and flexibility. Incremental peritoneal dialysis is a promising way to further improve Qol and to preserve RRF. Lastly, PD is less expensive than HD. Aim of this study has been to retrospectively evaluate our ten-years experience of PD treatment on survival, dialysis adequacy, preservation of RRF and nutrition in uremic patients followed at our Dialysis Center. Method We retrospectively evaluated all the incident patients that started PD treatment due to uremia from 01-01-2008 to 31-12-2018 at the U.O. Nephrology ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia. The exclusion criteria were time of dialysis treatment less than 3 months and absence of previous dialytic treatment or kidney transplantation. For each patient anthropometric, clinical-anamnestic data and comorbidities at dialysis start were recorded. Data on dialysis adequacy, nutrition, RRF and PD dialysis modality performed were also recorded. Results During the observation period 329 patients started PD. 60 were excluded due to follow-up of less than 3 months. Therefore, 269 patients (males 160, 59%) were studied. The average age was 65±16 years, BMI 24±4 kg/m2. Comorbidities were: hypertension (87%), diabetes mellitus (32%), cerebral vascular disease (26%) and ischemic heart disease (25%). The mean duration of dialysis treatment was 2.1±1.5 years. At the end of ten-years follow-up 24% of patients have had a kidney transplant, 18% were on PD treatment, 17% have had a shift towards HD, 39% had died. The main causes of death were: infection (39%) and cardiovascular disease (31%). The most common dialysis modality performed was APD (61%); CAPD was performed in 39% of pts. Dialysis modality (CAPD; APD), nutrition parameters (PNA; BMI), as well as RRF, expressed as an average value during follow-up, are shown in Figure 1. 81 patients (30%) were treated with incremental PD; 85% of them with manual exchanges. The comparison of dialysis parameters between incremental PD and standard PD are shown in Figure 2. Multivariate analysis with survival as dependent variable (Figure 3), showed that age, diabetes mellitus, and low wKt/V were independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. Diuresis volume and male gender were protective factors. No independent influence on mortality of the dialysis treatment modality was found. Conclusion In this ten-years experience of patients undergoing PD at our Center, incremental PD seems to be a protective factor for the maintenance of a preserved diuresis and better dialysis adequacy, and these factors are associated with better survival of the patients.

Time-Dependent Reasons for Peritoneal Dialysis Technique Failure and Mortality

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Kolesnyk ◽  
Friedo W. Dekker ◽  
Elisabeth W. Boeschoten ◽  
Raymond T. Krediet
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
First Year ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Technique Failure

BackgroundPeritoneal dialysis (PD) technique failure is high compared to hemodialysis (HD). There is a lack of data on the impact of duration of PD treatment on technique survival and on whether there is a difference in risk factors with respect to early and late failure. The aim of this study was to clarify these issues by performing a time-dependent analysis of PD technique and patient survival in a large cohort of incident PD patients.MethodsWe analyzed 709 incident PD patients participating in the Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis (NECOSAD), who started their treatment between 1997 and 2007. We compared technique and patient survival on PD in 4 periods of follow-up: within the first 3 months, and after 3 – 12 months, 12 – 24 months, and 24 – 36 months of treatment. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze survival on PD and technique failure. Risk factors were also identified by comparing patients that were transferred to HD with those that remained on PD. Incidence rates for every cause of dropout for each period of follow-up were calculated to establish their trends with respect to PD treatment duration.ResultsThere was a significant increase in transplantation rate after the first year of treatment. The rate of switching to HD was highest during the first 3 months and decreased afterward. One-, 2- and 3-year technique survival was 87%, 76%, and 66%, respectively. Age, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease appeared to be risk factors for death on PD or switch to HD: a 1-year increase in age was associated with a relative risk (RR) of PD failure of 1.04 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.003 – 1.06]; for diabetes, RR of stopping PD after 3 months of treatment increased from 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 – 3) during the first year to 2.2 (95% CI 1.3 – 4) after the second year; cardiovascular disease had a major impact in the earliest period (RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2 – 5) and had a stable influence further on (RR 2, 95% CI 1.1 – 3.5). Loss of 1 mL/minute residual glomerular filtration rate (rGFR) appeared to be a significant predictor of PD failure after 3 months of treatment, but within the first 2 years, RR was 1.1 (95% CI 1.04 – 1.25).ConclusionsIn The Netherlands, transplantation is a main reason to stop PD treatment. The incidence of PD technique failure is at its highest during the earliest months after treatment initiation and decreases later due to fewer catheter and abdominal complications as well as less influence of psychosocial factors. Risk factors for PD discontinuation are those responsible for patient survival: age, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and rGFR.

Predictors of Residual Renal Function Decline in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: ThebalANZ Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Htay Htay ◽  
Yeoungjee Cho ◽  
Elaine M. Pascoe ◽  
Darsy Darssan ◽  
Carmel Hawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Low Glucose ◽  
Glucose Exposure

ObjectivePreservation of residual renal function (RRF) is associated with improved survival. The aim of the present study was to identify independent predictors of RRF and urine volume (UV) in incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.MethodsThe study included incident PD patients who were balANZ trial participants. The primary and secondary outcomes were RRF and UV, respectively. Both outcomes were analyzed using mixed effects linear regression with demographic data in the first model and PD-related parameters included in a second model.ResultsThe study included 161 patients (mean age 57.9 ± 14.1 years, 44% female, 33% diabetic, mean follow-up 19.5 ± 6.6 months). Residual renal function declined from 7.5 ± 2.9 mL/min/1.73 m2at baseline to 3.3 ± 2.8 mL/min/1.73 m2at 24 months. Better preservation of RRF was independently predicted by male gender, higher baseline RRF, higher time-varying systolic blood pressure (SBP), biocompatible (neutral pH, low glucose degradation product) PD solution, lower peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) and lower dialysate glucose exposure. In particular, biocompatible solution resulted in 27% better RRF preservation. Each 1 L/day increase in UF was associated with 8% worse RRF preservation ( p = 0.007) and each 10 g/day increase in dialysate glucose exposure was associated with 4% worse RRF preservation ( p < 0.001). Residual renal function was not independently predicted by body mass index, diabetes mellitus, renin angiotensin system inhibitors, peritoneal solute transport rate, or PD modality. Similar results were observed for UV.ConclusionsCommon modifiable risk factors which were consistently associated with preserved RRF and residual UV were use of biocompatible PD solutions and achievement of higher SBP, lower peritoneal UF, and lower dialysate glucose exposure over time.

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