scholarly journals Dependency Change with Aging and Associated Factors in Uruguay: A Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110177
Author(s):  
Alejandra Marroig ◽  
Maximiliano Machado ◽  
Graciela Muniz-Terrera
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data

Objectives: To assess the heterogeneity of transitions toward dependency in older adults and to explore the robustness of results to different operationalizations of dependency. Method: Using data from people aged 60 years and older from a national representative study in Uruguay ( Encuesta Longitudinal de Protección Social, N = 5071), we fitted multinomial regressions adjusted by sociodemographic and health characteristics to model transitions into dependency and death. We used a harder operationalization with basic activities of daily living (Katz-dependency) and Comprehensive-dependency with basic, instrumental, and advanced activities. Results: Increasing age (RRR = 1.08, CI = [1.05; 1.12], p < .001) and having comorbidities (RRR = 2.16, CI = [1.31; 3.57], p = .003) increased the risk of transition from nondependent to dependent using Katz-dependency. Women with at least two chronic conditions have increased risk of Comprehensive-dependency (RRR = 1.79, CI = [1.15; 2.80], p = .010). Discussion: Inconsistencies in findings emerged when evaluating transitions into dependency with the different measures, which may have social care implications.

scholarly journals Association of self-perceived income sufficiency with cognitive impairment among older adults: a population-based study in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Muhammad ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
T. V. Sekher
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Asset Ownership ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Greater cognitive performance has been shown to be associated with better mental and physical health and lower mortality. The present study contributes to the existing literature on the linkages of self-perceived income sufficiency and cognitive impairment. Study also provides additional insights on other socioeconomic and health-related variables that are associated with cognitive impairment in older ages. Methods Data for this study is derived from the 'Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India'. The final sample size for the analysis after removing missing cases was 9176 older adults. Descriptive along with bivariate analyses were presented to show the plausible associations of cognitive impairment with potential risk factors using the chi-square test. Also, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to provide the relationship between cognitive impairment and risk factors. The software used was STATA 14. Results About 43% of older adults reported that they had no source of income and 7.2% had income but not sufficient to fulfil their basic needs. Older adults with income but partially sufficient to fulfil their basic needs had 39% significantly higher likelihood to suffer from cognitive impairment than older adults who had sufficient income [OR: 1.39; OR: 1.21–1.59]. Likelihood of cognitive impairment was low among older adults with asset ownership than older adults with no asset ownership [OR: 0.83; CI: 0.72–0.95]. Again, older adults who work by compulsion (73.3%) or felt mental or physical stress due to work (57.6%) had highest percentage of cognitive impairment. Moreover, older adults with poor self-rated health, low instrumental activities of daily living, low activities of daily living, low subjective well-being and low psychological health were at increased risk for cognitive impairment. Conclusion The study highlights the pressing need for care and support and especially financial incentives in the old age to preserve cognitive health. Further, while planning geriatric health care for older adults in India, priority must be given to financially backward, with no asset ownership, with poor health status, older-older, widowed, and illiterate older individuals, as they are more vulnerable to cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Differences in Self-Rated Memory by Race/Ethnicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 551-551
Author(s):  
Yujin Franco ◽  
Joseph Saenz ◽  
Yuri Jang ◽  
Jessica Ho
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Memory Status

Abstract Self-rated memory is an important dimension of well-being among older adults that has also been linked to cognitive impairment over the long term. However, few studies based on nationally-representative samples have examined differences in self-rated memory by race/ethnicity. This study explores differences in self-rated memory across non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic older adults in the United States. Data were drawn from the 2011 wave of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). The sample consisted of older adults aged 65 and older (N=4,753 non-Hispanic Whites, N=1,442 non-Hispanic Blacks, and N=388 Hispanics). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between having poor/fair self-rated memory and race/ethnicity, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, education level, income, and marital status), chronic conditions (heart attack, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and depressive symptoms), objective memory status, functional limitations (activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living), and other social and cultural factors (economic vulnerability, religious practice, and limited English proficiency). I find that non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics have significantly higher odds of reporting poor/fair self-rated memory than non-Hispanic Whites. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks and Hispanics had 33% and 56% higher odds of reporting poor/fair self-rated memory, respectively, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, chronic conditions, objective memory status, functional limitations, and social and cultural factors. These results provide evidence that understanding differences in self-rated memory across racial/ethnic groups may have important implications for health professionals, particularly in relation to conducting and interpreting cognitive screening assessments.

scholarly journals Longitudinal trajectory of disability in community-dwelling older adults: An observational cohort study in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Reong Kim ◽  
Hea yon Lee ◽  
Yoonje Seong ◽  
Eunju Lee ◽  
Hee-Won Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Stable Group ◽  
Geriatric Conditions ◽  
Trajectory Method ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Disability, which is considered a health-related condition, increases care demands and socioeconomic burdens for both families and communities. To confirm the trend of dynamic longitudinal changes in disability, this study aims to explore how disability is divided by the trajectory method, which deals with time-sequenced data. Additionally, this study examines the differences in demographics, geriatric conditions, and time spent at home among the trajectory groups in community-dwelling older adults. Home time is defined as the period during which the participant was not in a hospital or health care facility during their lifetime. Methods Records of 786 community-dwelling older participants were analyzed from the Aging Study of PyeongChang Rural Area, a population-based cohort study that took place over three years. Using 7 domains of activities of daily living and 10 domains of instrumental activities of daily living, participants were grouped into no dependency (0 disabled domain), mild (1 disabled domain), and severe (2 or more disabled domains) disability groups. The longitudinal trajectory group of disability was calculated as a trajectory method. Three distinct trajectory groups were calculated over time: a relatively-stable group (78.5 %; n=617), a gradually-aggravated group (16.0 %; n=126), and a rapidly-deteriorated group (5.5 %; n=43). Results The average age of 786 participants was 73.3 years (SD: 5.8), and the percentage of females was 52.7%. It was found that 78.5% of participants showed relatively no dependence and 5.5% of older adults in a rural area showed severe dependence. Through applying the trajectory method, it was shown that the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score was 10.2 points in the relatively-stable group and 3.1 points in the rapidly-deteriorating group by the 3 rd year. Additionally, by the trajectory method, the rate of decrease in home time was 3.33% in the rapidly-deteriorated group compared to the relatively-stable group. Conclusions This study shows the difference in demographics and geriatric conditions (such as SPPB) through the examination of longitudinal trajectory groups of disability in community-dwelling older adults. Significant differences were also found in the amount of home time among the trajectory groups.

Abstract 251: Geriatric Syndromes Associated With Reduced Anticoagulant Use in Older Adults With Atrial Fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin J Shah ◽  
Margaret C Fang ◽  
Sun Jeon ◽  
Steven Gregorich ◽  
Kenneth Covinsky
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Representative Study

Background: While guidelines recommend focusing primarily on stroke risk when considering anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation (AF), physicians report that geriatric syndromes (e.g., falls, disability) are important when considering anticoagulants. However, little is known about the prevalence of geriatric syndromes in older adults with AF or the association with anticoagulant use. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2014 Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative study of older adults. We included patients ≥67 years with 2 years of continuous Medicare fee-for-service enrollment and 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient AF diagnosis claims. We evaluated five geriatric syndromes: falls, activities of daily living impairment (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living impairment (IADL), cognitive impairment, and incontinence. We measured their prevalence and associations with anticoagulant use via log-binomial regression models adjusting for CHA2DS2-VASc score. Results: In this study of 779 patients with AF (median age 80 years, median CHA2DS2-VASc score 4), 83% (CI 79-86%) had ≥1 geriatric syndrome. Adjusting for stroke risk, lower rates of anticoagulant use were reported in those with ADL dependency (RR 0.87, CI 0.79-99), IADL dependency (RR 0.86, CI 0.77-0.98), and dementia (RR 0.72, CI 0.60-0.86). Conclusion: Most older patients with AF have at least one geriatric syndrome, and geriatrics syndromes are associated with less anticoagulant use. The high prevalence of geriatric syndromes may explain the lower than expected anticoagulants use in older adults. Since the benefits and harms of anticoagulants in this group are ill-defined, it is unclear if lower anticoagulant use is appropriate.

scholarly journals Association of late-life depression with cognitive impairment: evidence from a cross-sectional study among older adults in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Muhammad ◽  
Trupti Meher
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Late-life depression (LLD) is considered as a prodrome to dementia and plays a major role in the development of long-term cognitive disabilities. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of LLD and cognitive impairment and to explore their associations among older adults in India. Methods Data for this study was derived from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 (2017-18). The total sample included 31,464 (15,098 male and 16,366 female) older individuals aged 60 years and above. Cognitive impairment measured from various domains derived from the cognitive module of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and major depression measured by the CIDI-SF (Composite International Diagnostic Interview- Short Form) were the outcome variables. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analyses were performed to fulfill the objectives of the study. Results The overall prevalence of LLD and cognitive impairment for the current sample was 8.7% and 13.7 % respectively. Among older individuals who have rated their health status as poor were 2.59 times more likely to suffer from LLD [OR: 2.59, CI: 2.24–2.99] as compared to their counterparts. The older adults who had difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were 74% and 69 % more likely to suffer from LLD. Similarly, older adults who were depressed had higher odds of cognitive impairment [OR: 1.22, CI: 1.01–1.48] compared to their counterparts. Also, older adults who were depressed and belonged to rural areas were 2.58 times [AOR: 2.58, CI: 1.95–3.41] more likely to be cognitively impaired than those who were not depressed and resided in urban areas. Conclusions Depression is linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia; therefore, failing to diagnose and treat LLD in later life may have significant health implications. Moreover, treatment under the care of a cognitive neurologist or geriatric psychiatrist is recommended for people with LLD and cognitive disability due to both the disorders' complex existence.

scholarly journals Longitudinal trajectory of disability in community-dwelling older adults: An observational cohort study in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Reong Kim ◽  
Hea yon Lee ◽  
Yoonje Seong ◽  
Eunju Lee ◽  
Hee-Won Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Stable Group ◽  
Geriatric Conditions ◽  
Trajectory Method ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background: Disability, which is considered a health-related condition, increases care demands and socioeconomic burdens for both families and communities. To confirm the trend of dynamic longitudinal changes in disability, this study aims to explore how disability is divided by the trajectory method, which deals with time-sequenced data. Additionally, this study examines the differences in demographics, geriatric conditions, and time spent at home among the trajectory groups in community-dwelling older adults. Home time is defined as the period during which the patient was not in a hospital or health care facility during their lifetime. Methods: Records of 786 community-dwelling older participants were analyzed from the Aging Study of PyeongChang Rural Area, a population-based cohort study that took place over three years. Using 7 domains of activities of daily living and 10 domains of instrumental activities of daily living, participants were grouped into no dependency (0 disabled domain), mild (1 disabled domain), and severe (2 or more disabled domains) disability groups. The longitudinal trajectory group of disability was calculated as a trajectory method. Three distinct trajectory groups were calculated over time: a relatively-stable group (78.5 %; n=617), a gradually-aggravated group (16.0 %; n=126), and a rapidly-deteriorated group (5.5 %; n=43). Results: The average age of 786 participants was 73.3 years (SD: 5.8), and the percentage of female was 52.7%. It was found that 78.5% of patients showed relatively no dependence and 5.5% of older adults in a rural area showed severe dependence. Through applying the trajectory method, it was shown that the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score was 10.2 points in the relatively-stable group and 3.1 points in the rapidly-deteriorating group by the 3rd year. Additionally, by the trajectory method, the rate of decrease in home time was 3.33% in the rapidly-deteriorated group compared to the relatively-stable group. Conclusions: This study shows the difference in demographics and geriatric conditions (such as SPPB) through the examination of longitudinal trajectory groups of disability in community-dwelling older adults. Significant differences were also found in the amount of home time among the trajectory groups.

scholarly journals Incidence Rates of Disability and Its Associated Factors among Korean Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonho KIM ◽  
Myoungsuk KIM ◽  
Dallong HAN
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Iadl Disability ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: We aimed to identify incidence rates of disability and its associated factors among Korean community-dwelling older adults. Methods: The sample included 1,739 Koreans aged over 65 yr from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2016) who reported no limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) at baseline (2006) and had complete data for other covariates. ADL, IADL, socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-condition data were collected and analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. Results: The 10-yr incidence rates of ADL and IADL disability in subjects with no disability at baseline were 11.6% and 21.6%, respectively. After adjusting for socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-condition factors, the incidence of ADL disability was higher in women (odds ratio [OR] =1.418, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.102- 2.613) and increased with age (OR=1.170, 95% CI=1.133-1.208), multi-morbidity (OR=1.194, 95% CI=1.015- 1.406), and obesity (OR=1.563, 95% CI=1.057-2.311). It decreased in subjects living alone (OR=0.531, 95% CI=0.328-0.856). The incidence of IADL disability increased with age (OR=1.131, 95% CI=1.102-1.161), multimorbidity (OR=1.199, 95% CI=1.054-1.365), and cognitive disability (OR=1.422, 95% CI=1.083-1.866) and decreased for subjects living alone (OR=0.484, 95% CI=0.328-0.715) and with overweight (OR=0.725, 95% CI=0.532-0.988). Conclusion: Incidence rates of disability differed considerably based on socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-condition factors. These results suggest the importance of identifying factors that can decrease the risk of disability in this group and of prevention efforts in populations with a higher disability risk.

scholarly journals Longitudinal trajectory of disability in community-dwelling older adults: An observational cohort study in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Reong Kim ◽  
Hea yon Lee ◽  
Yoonje Seong ◽  
Eunju Lee ◽  
Hee-Won Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Stable Group ◽  
Geriatric Conditions ◽  
Trajectory Method ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background: Disability, which is considered a health-related condition, increases care demands and socioeconomic burdens for both families and communities. To confirm the trend of dynamic longitudinal changes in disability, this study aims to explore how disability is divided by the trajectory method, which deals with time-sequenced data. Additionally, this study examines the differences in demographics, geriatric conditions, and time spent at home among the trajectory groups in community-dwelling older adults. Home time is defined as the period during which the patient was not in a hospital or health care facility during their lifetime.Methods: Records of 786 community-dwelling older participants were analyzed from the Aging Study of PyeongChang Rural Area, a population-based cohort study that took place over three years. Using 7 domains of activities of daily living and 10 domains of instrumental activities of daily living, participants were grouped into no dependency (0 disabled domain), mild (1 disabled domain), and severe (2 or more disabled domains) disability groups. The longitudinal trajectory group of disability was calculated as a trajectory method. Three distinct trajectory groups were calculated over time: a relatively-stable group (78.5 %; n=617), a gradually-aggravated group (16.0 %; n=126), and a rapidly-deteriorated group (5.5 %; n=43).Results: The average age of 786 participants was 73.3 years (SD: 5.8), and the percentage of female was 52.7%. It was found that 78.5% of patients showed relatively no dependence and 5.5% of older adults in a rural area showed severe dependence. Through applying the trajectory method, it was shown that the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score was 10.2 points in the relatively-stable group and 3.1 points in the rapidly-deteriorating group by the 3rd year. Additionally, by the trajectory method, the rate of decrease in home time was 3.33% in the rapidly-deteriorated group compared to the relatively-stable group.Conclusions: This study shows the difference in demographics and geriatric conditions (such as SPPB) through the examination of longitudinal trajectory groups of disability in community-dwelling older adults. Significant differences were also found in the amount of home time among the trajectory groups.

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