The Relationship Between Perceived Age Discrimination in the Healthcare System and Health: An Examination of a Multi-Path Model in a National Sample of Israelis Over the Age of 50

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110580
Author(s):  
Liat Ayalon ◽  
Ella Cohn-Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Perceived Age ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives The present study aims to examine possible pathways that potentially account for the relationship between perceived age discrimination in healthcare settings (as one form of ageism) and health outcomes. Methods We relied on 1570 complete surveys, which constitute a representative national sample of adults aged 50 and above in Israel. Results We found a direct link between perceived age discrimination and health outcomes. This link was partially mediated by self-perceptions of aging and subsequently by health behaviors (e.g., eating vegetables) and preventive health behaviors (e.g., medical check-ups). The link between perceived age discrimination and health behaviors was moderated by age, thus, particularly detrimental for older people over the age of 65 as compared with those between the ages of 50 and 65. Discussion This study adds to the literature as it examines comprehensive mechanisms to account for the path between perceived age discrimination and health status. Our findings point to the unique aspects associated with perceived age discrimination, which potentially make older people more susceptible to its negative effects.

scholarly journals No evidence of "healthy neuroticism" in Hawaii Personality and Health Cohort

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J Weston ◽  
Patrick Hill ◽  
Grant Edmonds ◽  
Sarah E Hampson ◽  
Dan Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Facet Structure ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Relevant Situation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Heterogeneity in the effects of trait neuroticism on mortality has inspired recent theories of “healthy neuroticism,” or the possibility that neuroticism can lead people down either healthy or unhealthy behavioral pathways. The logical extension of this theory is that some construct – perhaps another trait, financial resource or health-relevant situation – changes the relationship between neuroticism and health. The other possibility is that different components of neuroticism lead to different health behaviors, and therefore different outcomes. Purpose. The current study systematically examines the relationship between child and adult neuroticism and various health indicators including perceptions of health, behaviors, health outcomes and biomarkers of health. Finally, we examine both potential moderators of the associations with neuroticism and examine its facet-structure. Methods. The current study utilizes data from the Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health, which includes both adult (IPIP-NEO) and childhood (teacher-reported) measures of personality and SES, as well as a variety of health outcomes, from self-reported health and health behavior to biological markers, such as cholesterol and blood glucose levels. Sample sizes range from 299 to 518. Results. The relationship between neuroticism and health was not consistently moderated by any other variable, nor were facets of neuroticism differentially related to health. Conclusions. Despite a systematic investigation of the potential “paths” which may differentiate the relationship of neuroticism to health, no evidence of healthy neuroticism was found.

Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Frailty and Ageing: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulapong Jayanama ◽  
Olga Theou
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Deficit

Globally, the population over the age of 60 is growing fast, but people age in different ways. Frailty, shown by the accumulation of age-related deficits, is a state of increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes among people of the same chronological age. Ageing results in a decline in diversity and homeostasis of microbiomes, and gut flora changes are related to health deficit accumulation and adverse health outcomes. In older people, health deficits including inappropriate intake, sarcopenia, physical inactivity, polypharmacy, and social vulnerability are factors associated with gut dysbiosis. The use of probiotics and prebiotics is a cost-effective and widely available intervention. Intake of probiotics and prebiotics may improve the homeostasis of gut microflora and prevent frailty and unhealthy aging. However, health effects vary among probiotics and prebiotics and among individual populations. This narrative review summarizes recent evidence about the relationship between prebiotic and probiotic consumption with health outcomes in older people.

Examining the Relationship Between Incarceration and Population Health: The Roles of Region and Urbanicity

2020 ◽  
pp. 088740342091690
Author(s):  
Robert R. Weidner ◽  
Jennifer Schultz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Collateral Consequences ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Among the myriad collateral consequences of the high level of incarceration in the United States is its detrimental effects on public health. Just as there are geographic variations in level of incarceration within the United States, so too are there variations in health outcomes. This study examines the relationship between incarceration rates and population health for a national sample of counties from 2015, with a focus on how this relationship is influenced by both region (South vs. non-South) and whether a jurisdiction is rural. To obtain unbiased estimates of the effect of incarceration rates on two alternate health outcomes, it employs two-stage least-squares modeling, which accounts for the endogeneity of incarceration rates when determining their effect on population health. Results indicate that level of incarceration has a detrimental effect on both mortality (i.e., premature death) and morbidity (i.e., self-reported health), and that these effects are more pronounced in rural and Southern counties. Implications of these findings for both policy and research are considered.

scholarly journals Old-Age Exclusion: Active Ageing, Ageism and Agency

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter De Tavernier ◽  
Marja Aartsen
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Thematic Issue ◽  
Life Goals ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Reasons For Action ◽  
Age Norms ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
The Relationship

This editorial serves a double purpose. It introduces the articles and commentary comprising this thematic issue on old-age exclusion, and simultaneously aims to make a concise contribution to the discussion on the relation between agency of older people and old-age exclusion. While indeed it is clear that limitations of agency due to a lack of resources in old age or age discrimination lead to exclusion of older people, the relationship between reduced agency and exclusion is less clear in the case of internalized age norms. It ends with a plea for surveys studying older populations to pay more attention to older people’s identities and life goals, opinions and reasons for action.

scholarly journals No Evidence of “healthy neuroticism” in the Hawaii Personality and Health Cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J Weston ◽  
Patrick L Hill ◽  
Grant W Edmonds ◽  
Daniel K Mroczek ◽  
Sarah E Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Facet Structure ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Relevant Situation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundHeterogeneity in the effects of trait neuroticism on mortality has inspired recent theories of “healthy neuroticism,” or the possibility that neuroticism can lead people down either healthy or unhealthy behavioral pathways. The logical extension of this theory is that some construct—perhaps another trait, financial resource, or health-relevant situation—changes the relationship between neuroticism and health. The other possibility is that different components of neuroticism lead to different health behaviors and therefore different outcomes.PurposeThe current study systematically examines the relationship between child and adult neuroticism and various health indicators including perceptions of health, behaviors, health outcomes, and biomarkers of health. Finally, we examine both potential moderators of the associations with neuroticism and examine its facet structure.MethodsThe current study utilizes data from the Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health, which includes both adult (IPIP-NEO) and childhood (teacher-reported) measures of personality and socioeconomic status, as well as a variety of health outcomes, from self-reported health and health behavior to biological markers, such as cholesterol and blood glucose levels. Sample sizes range from 299 to 518.ResultsThe relationship between neuroticism and health was not consistently moderated by any other variable, nor were facets of neuroticism differentially related to health.ConclusionsDespite a systematic investigation of the potential “paths” which may differentiate the relationship of neuroticism to health, no evidence of healthy neuroticism was found.

scholarly journals Does Perceived Ageism Widen the Digital Divide? And Does It Vary by Gender?

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1213-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Young Choi ◽  
Youngsun Kim ◽  
Edson Chipalo ◽  
Hee Yun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Perceived Age ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background and Objectives Existing literature presents a widening digital divide among older adults in addition to the consideration of the potential adverse impacts of ageism on internet use among the older adult population. Our study aimed to investigate (a) whether older adults’ perceived ageism will be associated with their use of the internet and (b) whether the relationship between perceived ageism and internet use will be moderated by age groups and binary gender. Research Design and Methods Using the data from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study, regression analyses were separately performed by gender. Two measures of perceived ageism were considered: (a) self-perception of aging and (b) perceived age discrimination. Results Our findings suggested that greater exposure to ageism is generally related to less use of the internet. In addition, we found divergent patterns in the relationship between ageism and internet use by gender. For women, a lower level of internet use was predicted by more negative perceptions of aging, whereas men’s internet use was associated with the experience of age discrimination. Furthermore, interaction effects between age groups and ageism varied across gender. The negative perception of aging was more strongly associated with less internet use in older women than middle-aged women. In comparison, the perceived age discrimination predicted less internet use in middle-aged men than older men. Discussion and Implications Our findings suggest that perceived ageism is significantly associated with internet use, and its association differs by gender.

scholarly journals Digital Educational Support Groups Administered through WhatsApp Messenger Improve Health-Related Knowledge and Health Behaviors of New Adolescent Mothers in the Dominican Republic: A Multi-Method Study

Informatics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Samantha Stonbraker ◽  
Elizabeth Haight ◽  
Alana Lopez ◽  
Linda Guijosa ◽  
Eliza Davison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Improve Health

(1) Background: In limited-resource settings such as the Dominican Republic, many factors contribute to poor health outcomes experienced by adolescent mothers, including insufficient support and/or health knowledge. In response, we designed a digital educational support group, administered through WhatsApp Messenger, for new adolescent mothers. The purpose of this study was to assess if participation in this digital support group could improve health outcomes and health behaviors. (2) Methods: Participants completed questionnaires with a health literacy screener, demographic items, knowledge questions, the Index of Autonomous Functioning, and five Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scales before and after the moderator-led intervention. Differences between pre- and post-intervention scores were calculated and perceptions of the intervention were explored through in-depth interviews analyzed with content analysis. Participants’ well-baby visit attendance and contraceptive use were compared to that of controls and a national sample. (3) Results: Participants’ (N = 58) knowledge scores increased (p < 0.05). Participants were 6.58 times more likely to attend well-baby visits than controls (95% CI: 2.23–19.4) and their contraceptive use was higher than that of the national sample (p < 0.05). Participants indicated the intervention was enjoyable and beneficial. (4) Conclusion: This adolescent-centered digital intervention is a promising method to improve health outcomes and health behaviors of young mothers in limited-resource settings.

scholarly journals What do older people think that others think of them, and does it matter? The role of meta-perceptions and social norms in the prediction of perceived age discrimination.

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 699-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin-Melanie Vauclair ◽  
Maria Luísa Lima ◽  
Dominic Abrams ◽  
Hannah J. Swift ◽  
Christopher Bratt
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Perceived Age
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document