The economic exploitation of child workers in the United Kingdom

Childhood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Hobbs ◽  
Jim McKechnie ◽  
Amanda Simpson
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Young People ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Working Children ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Government

Minimum wages legislation in the United Kingdom applies to those aged 16 years or older. Evidence is presented that children believe that their wage levels should be ‘fair’. On one hand, such views have emerged from focus groups of working children. On the other, various pressure groups representing young people are seeking to establish fair payment to child workers. It is argued that the government, trade unions and other bodies have failed to adequately address the protection of young workers.

The British–Irish Council and Devolution

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon Bogdanor
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
The Other ◽  
National State ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Good Friday ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Belfast Agreement ◽  
The Government

THE BRITISH-IRISH COUNCIL SPRINGS FROM AND IS PROVIDED FOR IN the Belfast Agreement signed on Good Friday 1998. Its coming into force depends upon the implementation of the Agreement. The Council is established, however, not by the 1998 Northern Ireland Act, which gives legislative expression to the bulk of this Agreement, but by an international treaty, the British–Irish Agreement, attached to the Belfast Agreement.The Belfast Agreement together with the legislation providing for devolution to Scotland and Wales establishes a new constitutional settlement, both among the nations which form the United Kingdom, and also between those nations and the other nation in these islands, the Irish nation. The United Kingdom itself is, as a result of the Scotland Act and the Government of Wales Act, in the process of becoming a new union of nations, each with its own identity and institutions – a multi-national state, rather than, as many of the English have traditionally seen it, a homogeneous British nation containing a variety of different people.

Data protection in the United Kingdom, Part 2

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Crook
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Legislative Proposals ◽  
Data Protection Authority ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Government

Part I of this paper reviewed the issues which make up the subject of data protection and reasons for legislation. This second part examines in detail the development of legislative proposals in the United Kingdom, culminating in the Data Protection Bill currently before Parliament. The Committee on Data Protection (Lindop) recommended regulation by a Data Protection Authority enforcing statutory Codes of Practice for different data processing applications. This failed to find favour with the Conservative Government which preferred a scheme of registration enforced by an independent Registrar. The data protection lobby (including groups from the computer industry, trade unions, professions, business and civil liberties) were critical of the proposals; particularly those dealing with exemp tions from the law. Their comments are summarised and the response by the Government described. Some of the underlying political reasons for the develop ment of data protection in the U.K. are discussed. It is by understanding the decision-making process relating to legisla tion that those involved with information technology can play an effective role in its regulation and development.

The other Side of the Coin: Reading the Politics of the 2008 Financial Tsunami

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Preston
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global System ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Audible Sound ◽  
The Government

In the spring of 2009, long months after the September 2008 financial tsunami had begun its destructive journey around the financial machineries of the global system, the governing party of the United Kingdom, one of two countries whose financial centres had precipitated all the trouble, is still in place, notwithstanding the almost audible sound of a population tapping its collective foot as it awaits an electoral opportunity to wreak a measure of revenge. But the electorate is condemned to wait upon the convenience of the government and administrative machineries that are responsible for the debacle. This seems unreasonable. One might ask how is this possible and what—speculatively—could happen to improve matters; that is, one can ask how the elite's insulating machineries might be reduced in order to bring them more routinely within the reach of the judgements of the electorate.

US/UK Arbitration Concerning Heathrow Airport User Charges - Some Procedural Aspects

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-216
Author(s):  
Jacomijn J. van Haersolte-von Hof
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
User Charges ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Government

This arbitration arose under the Air Services Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (hereinafter: HMG) and the Government of the United States (hereinafter: USG) concluded at Bermuda, 23 July 1977, as subsequently amended. This Agreement, which is generally referred to as Bermuda 2, provides, inter alia, that airport charges should not discriminate between a state's domestic carriers and those of the other party, and that theparties should use their best efforts to ensure that charges should be based on certain principles.

scholarly journals Responses to the marginalisation of Roma young people in education in an age of austerity in the United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny van Krieken Robson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Young People ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Stranger ◽  
The Way

This chpater discusses team support for Roma young people who arrived in the United Kingdom as European Union migrants. Using participants’ voices reveals a negative discourse on Roma. Reflecting on the way frequent media representations of English Gypsies as the ‘other’ are experienced as discrimination, racism and are also circulated through social media. She argues dominant discourses establish, consolidate and implement power relationships in education settings, which constrain participation and responses to injustice. She focuses on the marginalisation of Roma young people positioning as ‘other’ or the ‘stranger’ or ‘vagabond’ where they are both unwelcome and feared.

scholarly journals Reparations in the Caribbean and Diaspora

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Prilly Bicknell-Hersco
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
North America ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cultural Hierarchies

Millions of people have been victim to violent and inhumane social injustices, many of them based on racial and cultural hierarchies. The Nazi Holocaust or the colonization of North America through the genocide of indigenous populations are examples of such instances. When these victims have no direct claim on those who committed the harm, the victims turn to the government for reparations. It can be said that the enslavement of Africans in the Caribbean is another painful and violent injustice, yet few reparations, if any at all, have been paid out to those most affected by the transatlantic slave trade. In 2013, CARICOM released an official request for Reparations for the Native Genocide and Slavery from the United Kingdom and the other European colonies. The discussion of reparations for slavery has ignited debate worldwide.

British Council as an Instrument of Public Diplomacy of Great Britain

2017 ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Mykola Trofymenko
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
British Council ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Public diplomacy of Great Britain is one of the most developed in the EU and in the world. The United Kingdom has developed an extremely efficient public diplomacy mechanism which includes BBC World Service (which due to its popularity boosts the reputation and the image of Great Britain), Chevening Scholarships (provides outstanding foreign students with opportunity to study in Great Britain and thus establishes long-lasting relations with public opinion leaders and foreign countries elite) and the British Council, which deals with international diplomatic ties in the field of culture. The British Council is a unique organization. Being technically independent, it actively and efficiently works on consolidating Great Britain’s interests in the world and contributes to the development of public diplomacy in Great Britain.   The author studies the efforts of the British Council as a unique public diplomacy tool of the United Kingdom. Special attention is paid to the role of British Council, which is independent of the governing board and at the same time finds itself under the influence of the latter due to the peculiarities of the appointment of Board’s officials, financing etc. The author concludes that the British Council is a unique organization established in 1934, which is a non-departmental state body, charitable organization and public corporation, technically independent of the government. The British Council, thanks to its commercial activities covers the lack of public funding caused by the policy of economy conducted by the government. It has good practices in this field worth paying attention by other countries. It is also worth mentioning that the increment in profit was getting higher last year, however the issue of increasing the influence of the government on the activities of British Council is still disputable. Although the Foreign Minister officially reports to the parliament on the activities of the British Council, approves the appointment of the leaders of organizations, the British Council preserves its independence of the government, which makes it more popular abroad, and makes positive influence on the world image of Great Britain. The efficiency of the British Council efforts on fulfillment of targets of the United Kingdom public diplomacy is unquestionable, no matter how it calls its activities: whether it is a cultural relations establishment or a cultural diplomacy implementation. Keywords: The British Council, public diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, cultural relations, Foreign Office, Her Majesty’s Government, official assistance for development

To Discriminate in Order to Fight Discrimination

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Morondo Taramundi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Other ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
European Court ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
Antidiscrimination Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Paradoxical Results ◽  
Conflicts Of Rights

This chapter analyses arguments regarding conflicts of rights in the field of antidiscrimination law, which is a troublesome and less studied area of the growing literature on conflicts of rights. Through discussion of Ladele and McFarlane v. The United Kingdom, a case before the European Court of Human Rights, the chapter examines how the construction of this kind of controversy in terms of ‘competing rights’ or ‘conflicts of rights’ seems to produce paradoxical results. Assessment of these apparent difficulties leads the discussion in two different directions. On the one hand, some troubles come to light regarding the use of the conflict of rights frame itself in the field of antidiscrimination law, particularly in relation to the main technique (‘balancing of rights’) to solve them. On the other hand, some serious consequences of the conflict of rights frame on the development of the antidiscrimination theory of the ECtHR are unearthed.

scholarly journals The Limits of Arbitration Law in Addressing Cultural Diversity: The Example of Ismaili Arbitration in the United Kingdom

Laws ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sandrine Brachotte
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
The Other ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Arbitration Clause ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Employment Equality

This article studies religious arbitration from the perspective of global legal pluralism, which embraces both normative plurality and cultural diversity. In this context, the article considers that UK arbitration law regulates both commercial and religious arbitration while relying on a monist conception of arbitration. It further identifies two intertwined issues regarding cultural diversity, which find their source in this monist conception. Firstly, through the study of Jivraj v. Hashwani ([2011] UKSC 40), this article shows that the governance of religious arbitration may generate a conflict between arbitration law and equality law, the avoidance of which can require sacrificing the objectives of one or the other branch of law. The Jivraj case concerned an Ismaili arbitration clause, requiring that all arbitrators be Ismaili—a clause valid under arbitration law but potentially not under employment-equality law. To avoid such conflict, the Supreme Court reduced the scope of employment-equality law, thereby excluding self-employed persons. Secondly, based on cultural studies of law, this article shows that the conception of arbitration underlying UK arbitration law is ill-suited to make sense of Ismaili arbitration. In view of these two issues, this article argues that UK arbitration law acknowledges normative multiplicity but fails to embrace the cultural diversity entangled therewith.

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