Rear boot swing door closing effort: Calculations, objective and subjective evaluations in an LCV model

Author(s):  
Armagan Altinisik ◽  
Emre Bolova

The prediction model for the energy contributors is studied to define the effect of door components. The model is validated by experimental measurements on produced vehicles. The correlation of the control results and the evaluation methods among the representative customers, appraisers and senior experts are performed and compared by objective energy measurements. The subjective evaluation aims to clarify real customer expectations in door closing process and carry it to new product development phase. This will also improve the competency of appraisers in final assembly approval zones. The energy contributors for boot swing door is numerically calculated and validated by experimental measurements in easy and hard-closing doors. Subjective evaluations in 45 vehicles with different closing energies were performed by three different groups as representative customers, appraisers, and senior experts. The results were evaluated by statistical tools. The major energy contributors were found as air binding, seal resistance and check strap both in the calculations and in the experiments. The results demonstrated good correlation between numerical model and objective measurements. Besides, the subjective evaluations showed parallel trends with objective energy measurements. The variation in customer evaluations is more than appraisers and experts. Customers are severer in the evaluations of hard-closing doors and more sensitive in 10° door closing angle. This is a unique study for rear boot swing door closing effort in an LCV model. The study contains both definitions of factors, components that contributes in door closing energy and subjective evaluations to correlate the closing behaviors of representative customers, appraisers, and senior experts. The output of the study would be used to improve the vehicle control plan (VCP) and design standards in new model development phase.

Author(s):  
Goran Klepac

This chapter represents the business case in the telecommunication company called Veza, in domain of churn prediction and churn mitigation. The churn project was divided into few stages. Due to limited budget and cost optimization, stage one was concentrated on prospective customer value calculation model based on fuzzy expert system. This helps Veza company to find most valuable telecom subscribers. It also helped company to better understand subscriber portfolio structure. Developed fuzzy expert system also helped Veza company in detection of soft churn. Stage two is profiling and customer segmentation based on time series analysis which provided potential predictors for predictive churn model. The central stage was concentrated on developing traditional predictive churn model based on logistic regression. This calculated probability that subscribers will make churn in next few months. The final stage was dedicated to SNA (Social Network Analysis) model development which found out the most valuable customers from the perspective of existing subscriber network. This model gave the answer that subscribers have the greatest influence on other subscribers in a way what is dangerous if they leave Veza company because they will motivate other subscribers to do the same thing. All three stages made complete churn detection/mitigation solution which take into consideration past behaviour of subscribers, their prospective value, and their strength of influence on other subscribers. This project helped Veza company to decrease churn rate and it gave directions for better understanding customer needs and behaviour which were the base for new product development.


2015 ◽  
pp. 559-585
Author(s):  
Goran Klepac

This chapter represents the business case in the telecommunication company called Veza, in domain of churn prediction and churn mitigation. The churn project was divided into few stages. Due to limited budget and cost optimization, stage one was concentrated on prospective customer value calculation model based on fuzzy expert system. This helps Veza company to find most valuable telecom subscribers. It also helped company to better understand subscriber portfolio structure. Developed fuzzy expert system also helped Veza Company in detection of soft churn. Stage two is profiling and customer segmentation based on time series analysis which provided potential predictors for predictive churn model. The central stage was concentrated on developing traditional predictive churn model based on logistic regression. This calculated probability that subscribers will make churn in next few months. The final stage was dedicated to SNA (Social Network Analysis) model development which found out the most valuable customers from the perspective of existing subscriber network. This model gave the answer that subscribers have the greatest influence on other subscribers in a way what is dangerous if they leave Veza Company because they will motivate other subscribers to do the same thing. All three stages made complete churn detection/mitigation solution which take into consideration past behaviour of subscribers, their prospective value, and their strength of influence on other subscribers. This project helped Veza Company to decrease churn rate and it gave directions for better understanding customer needs and behaviour which were the base for new product development.


2016 ◽  
pp. 430-457
Author(s):  
Goran Klepac

This chapter represents the business case in the telecommunication company called Veza, in domain of churn prediction and churn mitigation. The churn project was divided into few stages. Due to limited budget and cost optimization, stage one was concentrated on prospective customer value calculation model based on fuzzy expert system. This helps Veza company to find most valuable telecom subscribers. It also helped company to better understand subscriber portfolio structure. Developed fuzzy expert system also helped Veza company in detection of soft churn. Stage two is profiling and customer segmentation based on time series analysis which provided potential predictors for predictive churn model. The central stage was concentrated on developing traditional predictive churn model based on logistic regression. This calculated probability that subscribers will make churn in next few months. The final stage was dedicated to SNA (Social Network Analysis) model development which found out the most valuable customers from the perspective of existing subscriber network. This model gave the answer that subscribers have the greatest influence on other subscribers in a way what is dangerous if they leave Veza company because they will motivate other subscribers to do the same thing. All three stages made complete churn detection/mitigation solution which take into consideration past behaviour of subscribers, their prospective value, and their strength of influence on other subscribers. This project helped Veza company to decrease churn rate and it gave directions for better understanding customer needs and behaviour which were the base for new product development.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
Li Peng

The human–environment relationship is bidirectional, meaning that human attitudes and behavior to nature are at the root of environmental change, while changes in the environment affect human attitudes and behavior. It is necessary to analyze the human–environment relationship from two aspects: (a) Whether there is a good objective basis for maintaining an environment, and (b) whether people report that they are satisfied with that environment. This study attempted to construct a framework to evaluate the human–environment relationship considering these two aspects. The framework consists of three parts: Traditional evaluation, indicator construction, and evaluation considering the relationship between subjective and objective assessment. Traditional evaluations consist of subjective evaluations and objective assessments. Indicator construction focuses on putting forward indicators that quantitively evaluate the human–environment relationship, considering the results of objective assessments and subjective evaluations. The indicators introduced in this study include MD (match degree) and OSC (objective assessment and subjective evaluation comparison) to explain the difference and the relationship between objective assessments and subjective evaluations of the environment. Then, based on the indicator value, a matrix containing four situations (Match-H, Match-L, H-L, and L-H) was constructed to explore why a human–environment relationship may not be harmonious. Since the upper Minjiang River basin is a typical area, because of its intensive human activity, as well as its fragile ecological environment, this study chose it as a case study and used it to verify the framework. Through the framework construction and application, this study found that: (1) The framework of this study provided a more comprehensive method to evaluate the human–environment relationship; (2) as the subjective evaluation was based on individual comprehensive tradeoffs, the evaluation combining the subjective and objective assessment was more accurate; (3) environmental conditions were the basis, and human activities were the key factors, for the coordination of human–environment relationships; so the matrix put forward in this study was necessary for finding the cause of human–environment incongruity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Habibah Artini Ramlie ◽  
Norshahrul Marzuki Mohd. Nor

This paper proposes the development of an Online Education Community Service (OECS) Model based on SULAM (Service Learning Malaysia - University For Society). It aims to fulfil the needs for student community service activities that could not be conducted in-person or face-to-face due to movement restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The suggestions in this paper are based on qualitative findings through literature reviews pertaining to community service among students. Several research methodologies and sampling techniques are proposed for the development of the model. One of these suggestions is adopting the Design and Development Research approach that could be developed in phases namely the needs analysis phase, the model component design phase, and the model development phase. The needs analysis phase involves reviewing literature using the content analysis technique. The model component design phase includes semi-structured interviews with students, lecturers, and community members whereas the questionnaire survey will be conducted among students only. Interview data is to be analysed using NVivo while questionnaire data from the pilot study and actual study will be analysed using SPSS. The model development phase involves conducting expert consensus workshops using the Fuzzy Delphi Method based on verified findings from the first and second phases of the study. Findings from the model development phase are to be analysed using Excels software. This proposed development of the SULAM-based OECS is in line with the Ministry of Higher Education’s aspiration to combine course learning outcomes with the aspect of community service to produce holistic students. Hence, students will be able to share their knowledge and skills obtained in university with the community in the effort to turn institutions of higher learning into Centres of Excellence. It is also in line with the country’s vision of achieving mutual prosperity by 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals, specifically the goal of Quality Education.


Author(s):  
Yoshitake Nakayama ◽  
Norimichi Suzuki ◽  
Hiroko Nakaoka ◽  
Kayo Tsumura ◽  
Kohki Takaguchi ◽  
...  

The relationship between chemical concentrations in indoor air and the human sense of comfort and relaxation have been reported. We investigated the effect of the sum of volatile organic compounds (ΣVOCs; sum of 79 VOCs) on the level of relaxation in two laboratory houses with almost identical interior and exterior appearances. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was monitored to evaluate the degree of personal relaxation objectively. The experiments were conducted in laboratory houses (LH) A and B with lower and higher levels of ΣVOCs, respectively. A total of 168 healthy volunteers participated, who each performed the task for 20 min, followed by a 10-min break, and EEG was measured during the break. Simultaneously as subjective evaluations, the participants were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding the intensity of odor and preference for the air quality in each LH. The subjective evaluation showed a significant association between ΣVOCs and participants’ relaxation (OR: 2.86, 95%CI: 1.24–6.61), and the objective evaluation indicated that the participants were more relaxed in the LH with lower levels of ΣVOCs than that with higher levels (OR: 3.03, 95%CI: 1.23–7.50). Therefore, the reduction of ΣVOCs and odors in indoor air would have an effect, which is the promotion of relaxation.


Author(s):  
Huiping Zhou ◽  
Makoto Itoh ◽  
Satoshi Kitazaki

This study aims to investigate the influence of general knowledge, which denotes·driving automation’s taxonomy, definitions, function, driver role, and the request to intervene (RtI), on older adults’ takeover performance when using conditionally driving automation (DA), and to clarify the influence of knowledge on drivers’ attitudes toward DA. We introduced two types of DAs: full range and limited range. A driving simulator (DS) experiment was conducted to collect data, including driving behavior in taking over vehicle control and driver’s subjective evaluation of the DA. Data were collected from 36 elderly (mean age = 71.4±4.8 years) and 36 non-elderly (mean age = 40.8±9.5 years) participants. The results showed significant differences between the elderly and non-elderly, such that educating knowledge had a greater influence on the older adults, that is, instructing knowledge to the drivers contributed to a statistical increase in successful takeover rate from 0.66 to 0.80, but no effect was seen on either the response time or the maximum steering angular velocity. Furthermore, more frequent glance behavior of looking forward from a non-driving related task was observed in the educated groups. Self-rating scores of subjective evaluations revealed that older adults who were given the knowledge had a higher level of trust in and expectation from the DA, and more confidence in comprehending system functions. This study demonstrates the necessity of general knowledge instruction to enhance drivers’ positive attitudes toward DA.


2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruaki Mitsui ◽  
◽  
Takanori Shibata ◽  
Kazuyoshi Wada ◽  
Kazuo Tanie ◽  
...  

We have been working on research and development of mental commit robot which aims to provide humans mental effects such as enjoyment and relaxation. In the previous research, we have performed subjective evaluation of mental commit robot by some interview forms. The results showed physical interaction improved subjective evaluations. Moreover, a priori knowledge of a subject had influence into subjective interpretation and valuation. In this paper, we applied physiological measurements to investigate influence to human by physical interaction with mental commit robot. As physiological measurements, we applied the electrocardiogram (EGG), respiration rate and the electrodermal response (EDR). And we measured mood state and liking for the object by using the profile of mood states (POMS) and SD method. The finding of experiments suggested changes of autonomic response and mood state caused by physical interaction with mental coconut robot. Moreover, it was suggested that there were some differences in autonomic response by subjectivity.


2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1310-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkie Getnet Tadesse ◽  
R Harpa ◽  
Y Chen ◽  
L Wang ◽  
V Nierstrasz ◽  
...  

Sensory investigations of the functional textiles could be an alternative for the quality inspection and control of the products. The purpose of this research is to use subjective evaluation technique for assessing the tactile comfort of some functional textile fabrics based on AATCC Evaluation procedure 5-2011. Blind subjective evaluations and visual subjective evaluations were performed for sensory investigation. Ten fabric-skin-contact and comfort-related sensory properties were used to evaluate the handle of the functional textile fabrics. The reliability of the sensorial data obtained by subjective tests was evaluated using statistical data analysis techniques. A minimum and maximum consensus distances recorded were 0.58 and 1.61, respectively, using a descriptive sensory panel analysis and proves the consistency and similar sensorial perception between panelists. The Pearson correlation coefficient between panelists was up to 96% and hence a strong agreement between the panelist’s judgment. The results allowed to consider the subjective evaluation using a panel of experts could be validated in the case of functional fabrics. For functional textiles, additional visual subjective evaluation should be considered to have a similar human perception in addition to blind subjective evaluation.


2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne F. Boeckler ◽  
Anke Stadler ◽  
Jürgen M. Setz

Abstract Introduction An important criterion for the success of a crown is marginal fit. However, in the patient's mouth fit can only be evaluated by subjective methods. This study describes the correlation between objective marginal fit and its subjective evaluation by dentists and dental technicians. Materials and Methods Thirty human premolars and molars were randomly divided into six groups and prepared with a shoulder. For each of the six groups, complete crowns were made of different alloys and technologies (casting: AuAgCu, AuPdPt, PdAgAu, CoCrMo, and Ti; milling: Ti). The crowns were cemented with provisional cement. Ten dentists and 10 technicians were asked to evaluate the fit of the crowns with a new dental explorer. The crowns were then cleaned and cemented with a zinc-oxide-phosphate-cement. The marginal gap and a possible overextended margin of the crowns were examined under a special 4x light microscope with a magnification level of 560 X. The means of the gaps and the overextended margins were calculated for each group. Significances were detected by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post-hoctest (Bonferroni, p<0.05). Correlations between objective measuring and subjective evaluation were evaluated using the Pearson test. The influence of the measured values on the subjective evaluation was determined by regression analyses. Results Crowns made from different alloys and technologies showed partly significantly (p<0.05) different marginal gaps (mean ranging from 35ìm to 92ìm) and significantly (p<0.05) different overextended margins (mean ranging from 40ìm to 149ìm). There were significant correlations (p<0.05) between subjective findings and objective data. Significant correlations (p<0.01) were also found between the subjective findings of dentists and technicians. Compared to the marginal gap, only the overextended margin had a significant influence (p=0.00) on the subjective evaluations of the clinicians. Conclusion Crowns from different alloys and technologies showed differences in marginal fit. Marginal gap and the overextension of the crowns significantly correlated with the subjective evaluation of their fit by dentists and dental technicians. For the decision of the clinicians, whether a crown is acceptable, overextension was more important than marginal gap. Citation Boeckler AF, Stadler A, Setz JM. The Significance of Marginal Gap and Overextension Measurement in the Evaluation of the Fit of Complete Crowns. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 November; (6)4:026-037.


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