Thermo-economic and exergy assessment and optimization of performance of a hydrogen production system by using geothermal energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi ◽  
Seyed Ali Banihashem ◽  
Mahyar Ghazvini ◽  
Milad Sadeghzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Electrolysis Process ◽  
Alternative Sources

Due to the increasing need to find alternative fuels to restrict the use of oil in the world, substantial alternative sources have been identified. One of these alternative sources is hydrogen. Hydrogen is produced through an electrochemical process. The purpose of this paper is to model an electrochemical process and to determine the yields or losses of process efficiency by increasing or decreasing the water supply temperature. For the adaptation of the environmental process, the electricity required for the electrolyzer is supplied from a geothermal unit. For the sake of achieving the desired goals, the geothermal unit has been modeled and various parameters have been investigated. In this paper, an analysis of energy and exergy thermodynamics, as well as the exergy-economic analysis of the proton exchange membrane (PEM-type) electrolysis process for hydrogen production, which derives its driving power from ground-based power has been carried out. For this purpose, the required work is generated from the geothermal source by the Rankine cycle. The resulting work is used as an input for the electrolysis process and electrolysis water is preheated by geothermal sewage treatment. Funtional parameters based on the first and second thermodynamic rules are determined for the system and the performance of the system has been evaluated. The effects of geothermal water temperature and electrolysis on the amount of generated hydrogen have been studied and it has been shown that these parameters have a correlation with each other. Also, energy, exergy and thermo-economic analysis methods have been carried out by using MATLAB software.

Low-Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen by Sorption-Enhanced Reaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P Harrison ◽  
Zhiyong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Impurity Level ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Enhanced Production

Hydrogen is an increasingly important chemical raw material and a probable future primary energy carrier. In many current and anticipated applications the carbon monoxide impurity level must be reduced to low-ppmv levels to avoid poisoning catalysts in downstream processes. Methanation is currently used to remove carbon monoxide in petroleum refining operations while preferential oxidation (PROX) is being developed for carbon monoxide control in fuel cells. Both approaches add an additional step to the multi-step hydrogen production process, and both inevitably result in hydrogen loss. The sorption enhanced process for hydrogen production, in which steam-methane reforming, water-gas shift, and carbon dioxide removal reactions occur simultaneously in the presence of a nickel-based reforming catalyst and a calcium-based carbon dioxide sorbent, is capable of producing high purity hydrogen containing minimal carbon monoxide in a single processing step. The process also has the potential for producing pure CO2 that is suitable for subsequent use or sequestration during the sorbent regeneration step. The current research on sorption-enhanced production of low-carbon monoxide hydrogen is an extension of previous research in this laboratory that proved the feasibility of producing 95+% hydrogen (dry basis), but without concern for the carbon monoxide concentration. This paper describes sorption-enhanced reaction conditions – temperature, feed gas composition, and volumetric feed rate – required to produce 95+% hydrogen containing low carbon monoxide concentrations suitable for direct use in, for example, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Impact of Reformer/Burner Thermal Integration on the Efficiency and Dynamic Response of an Onboard Fuel Processor in an Indirect Methanol Fuel Cell Vehicle

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitaram Ramaswamy ◽  
Meena Sundaresan ◽  
Robert M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Fuel Processor ◽  
Catalytic Burner ◽  
Thermal Integration ◽  
Alternative Sources

Abstract Using a fuel other than pure hydrogen in a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) employing a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack typically requires an on-board fuel processor to provide hydrogen-rich fuel to the stack. On board fuel processors that generate hydrogen from on-board liquid methanol (and other Hydrocarbons) have been proposed as possible alternative sources of hydrogen needed by the fuel cell. This paper focuses on a methanol fueled fuel processor that using steam reformation process to generate hydrogen. The reformation process involves a steam reformer and a catalytic burner (which provides the necessary energy for the endothermic steam reforming reactions to occur). This paper focuses on the importance of reformer/burner thermal integration and its impact on the dynamic response of the fuel processor. The model uses MATLAB/Simulink software and the simulation provides results for both dynamic response and energy efficiency.

Catalyst-coated proton exchange membrane for hydrogen production with high pressure water electrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 123903
Author(s):  
Xinrong Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Weijing Yang ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Fanqi Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Exchange Membrane

scholarly journals Process Development for Bio-butanol Steam Reforming for PEMFC Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronak Patel ◽  
Sanjay Patel
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Study Process ◽  
Exchange Membrane

In current study, process has been developed for hydrogen production from bio-butanol via steam reforming (SR) for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) application. Heat integration with pinch analysis method was carried out to reduce overall heating and cooling utility requirement of energy intensive SR process. Despite of highly endothermic nature of bio-butanol SR, process found to be self-sustained in terms of requirement of heating utility. Heat integrated process for hydrogen production from bio-butanol SR was found to be green process, which can be explored for its hydrogen production capacity. 

Auto-Tuning Control of PEM Water Electrolyzer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Keow ◽  
Zheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Hydrogen Production Rate ◽  
Relay Feedback ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Pem Electrolyzer ◽  
Auto Tuning

Abstract Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers with the ability to produce gases at a pressure suitable for direct metal hydride storage are desirable because they do not require the use of compressors and other auxiliary components. Direct storage into metal hydride cylinders is made feasible when the pressure and flow rate of hydrogen is controlled. The nonlinear dynamics of the PEM electrolyzer change with temperature and pressure, both of which change with the hydrogen production rate, and are thus difficult to estimate. Therefore, a model-free, relay-feedback, auto-tuning approach is used to tune a proportional integral (PI) controller. This allows for the determination of the voltage supply to the electrolyzer by tracking the current set-point and correlating it to the hydrogen production rate. A gain scheduling approach is used to record the tuned controller’s parameters at different set-points, minimizing the frequency of tuning the device. A self-assessment test is used to determine situations where the auto-tuner should activate to update the PI parameters, thus, allowing for the system to operate without supervision. The auto-tuning PI control is successfully tested with a PEM electrolyzer setup. Experimental results showed that an auto-tuner can tune the controller parameters and produce favorable transient behaviors, allowing for a degree of adaptability for variations in system set-points.

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