New chronostratigraphic records of the early-to-middle Holocene in the north-central region of Chile indicate Andean foothills housed hunter-gatherers during pulses of extreme aridity

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110116
Author(s):  
Sebastián Grasset ◽  
Amalia Nuevo-Delaunay ◽  
José Álvarez ◽  
Antonio Maldonado ◽  
César Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Mobile Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

The scarcity of middle Holocene radiocarbon dates in different regions of the Andes has been interpreted as an indicator of discontinuity in human occupations in response to adverse environmental conditions due to marked aridity. In the subtropical Andes of north-central Chile and adjacent areas, this paucity has been detected in radiocarbon ages between 8000 and 6000 cal BP. A systematic programme of cave excavations with detailed chronologies in the Combarbalá area in the Andean western foothills at 31°S allows questioning the role these spaces and ecosystems played for hunter-gatherers throughout the Holocene. The elusive record of dateable material has been addressed by excavating deposits under rock-shelters which tend to trap sedimentary material. This dataset has been compared with the available climate records and shows a collation between the onset of various site chronologies during the early-to-middle Holocene and periods of extreme aridity. The organization of mobility and the role of Andean foothills for hunter-gatherer settlements is reviewed. Resource availability in the area, namely fresh water supply, good-quality toolstones, faunal resources, and shelters, attracted mobile populations to these environments as indicated by our records as well as others in the broader region.

scholarly journals Quaternary Glaciations in the Andes of North-Central Chile

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 155-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar N. Caviedes ◽  
Roland Paskoff
Keyword(s):  
Polar Front ◽  
Southern Andes ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Quaternary Glaciations ◽  
Chilean Andes

The extension of the Quaternary glaciations has been studied in the semi-arid Andes of north-central Chile, where the glacial modelling is striking. In the Elqui valley (lat. 30°S.), two glacial advances were identified reaching down to 3 100 m (Laguna glaciation) and 2 500 m (Tapado glaciation). In the Aconcagua valley (lat. 33°S.), moraines from three major glacial advances were found, at 2 800 m (Portillo glaciation), 1 600 m (Guardia Vieja glaciation) and 1 300 m (Salto del Soldado glaciation).The Quaternary glaciations were linked with a decrease of temperature, but more significantly with a marked increase of precipitation probably related to an equatorward shift of 5–6 degrees of the austral polar front. The results obtained in the semi-arid Chilean Andes are correlated with those recently reported from other sectors of the southern Andes.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Water Storage Capacity and Hydrological Role of Mountain Peatlands in the Arid Andes of North-Central Chile

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remi Valois ◽  
Nicole Schaffer ◽  
Ronny Figueroa ◽  
Antonio Maldonado ◽  
Eduardo Yáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Local Water

High-altitude peatlands in the Andes, i.e., bofedales, play an essential role in alpine ecosystems, regulating the local water balance and supporting biodiversity. This is particularly true in semiarid Chile, where bofedales develop near the altitudinal and hydrological limits of plant life. The subterranean geometry and stratigraphy of one peatland was characterized in north-central Chile using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and core extraction. Two sounding locations, two transversal and one longitudinal profile allowed a 3D interpretation of the bofedal’s internal structure. A conceptual model of the current bofedal system is proposed. Geophysical results combined with porosity measurements were used to estimate the bofedal water storage capacity. Using hydrological data at the watershed scale, implications regarding the hydrological role of bofedales in the semiarid Andes were then briefly assessed. At the catchment scale, bofedal water storage capacity, evapotranspiration losses and annual streamflow are on the same order of magnitude. High-altitude peatlands are therefore storing a significant amount of water and their impact on basin hydrology should be investigated further.

North and South: Hunter-Gatherer Communities in the Andes Mountains in Central Chile

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Cornejo B. ◽  
Lorena Sanhueza R.
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Social Units ◽  
North And South ◽  
Chilean Andes

AbstractOne of the most serious limitations in studies of prehistoric hunter-gatherer societies based on the archaeological record has been the difficulty of establishing distinctions among groups that inhabited a given area at the same time. This article suggests that, at least during a period ranging from 3000 B.C. to A.D. 1000, the Central Chilean Andes, specifically the Maipo River Valley, was occupied by two groups of hunter-gatherers that were distinct enough for us to propose that they were actually two different social units.

Rock art and social networks among hunter gatherers of north-central Chile

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 154-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Troncoso ◽  
Francisca Moya ◽  
Mara Basile
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile

scholarly journals Spatial Ecology of Small Mammals in North-central Chile: Role of Precipitation and Refuges

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1532-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bryan Milstead ◽  
Peter L. Meserve ◽  
Andrea Campanella ◽  
M. Andrea Previtali ◽  
Douglas A. Kelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile

scholarly journals Biology and Economics of Recommendations for Insecticide-Based Management of Soybean Aphid

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Koch ◽  
Bruce D. Potter ◽  
Phillip A. Glogoza ◽  
Erin W. Hodgson ◽  
Christian H. Krupke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, remains the key insect pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, in the north-central United States. Management of this pest has relied primarily on scouting and application of foliar insecticides based on an economic threshold (ET) of 250 aphids per plant. This review explains why this ET remains valid for soybean aphid management, despite changes in crop value and input costs. In particular, we review how soybean aphid impacts soybean yield, the role of biology and economics in recommendations for soybean aphid management, and the short- and long-term consequences of inappropriately timed insecticide applications. Accepted for publication 13 December 2016.

scholarly journals Latitudinal and Longitudinal Patterns of Exhumation in the Andes of North‐Central Chile

Tectonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 2863-2886 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Pía Rodríguez ◽  
Reynaldo Charrier ◽  
Stephanie Brichau ◽  
Sébastien Carretier ◽  
Marcelo Farías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Longitudinal Patterns ◽  
The Andes

Neogene landscape evolution in the Andes of north-central Chile between 28 and 32°S: interplay between tectonic and erosional processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 399 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Pía Rodríguez ◽  
Germán Aguilar ◽  
Constanza Urresty ◽  
Reynaldo Charrier
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
The Andes

Genetic characterization of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) individuals stranded and caught as bycatch from the North-Central Adriatic Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Tinti ◽  
Vincenzo Caputo ◽  
Silvia Franzellitti ◽  
Paola Nisi Cerioni ◽  
Carola Vallini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Loggerhead Turtle ◽  
North Central ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
The North ◽  
Control Region Sequences

AbstractThe North Adriatic Sea is considered a critical feeding and developmental area for Mediterranean loggerhead turtles. In this study, a comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region sequences was carried out on sixty-five loggerhead individuals stranded and caught as bycatch in the Adriatic Sea from 1999 to 2002. We demonstrated the existence of genetic relationships between the North-Central Adriatic (NCA) aggregate and the Central-Eastern Mediterranean rookeries. Short-range and long-range migrations towards the Adriatic Sea were hypothesized by the finding of individuals bearing haplotypes endemic to the nesting populations of Greece and Turkey. The occurrence of individuals belonging to dimensional classes from juveniles to mature adults strongly support both the feeding and developmental role of the NCA.

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