Fipronil-induced genotoxicity and DNA damage in vivo: Protective effect of vitamin E

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Badgujar ◽  
NA Selkar ◽  
GA Chandratre ◽  
NN Pawar ◽  
VD Dighe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes

Fipronil, an insecticide of the phenylpyrazole class has been classified as a carcinogen by United States Environmental Protection Agency, yet very limited information is available about its genotoxic effects. Adult male and female animals were gavaged with various doses of fipronil (2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg body weight (bw)) to evaluate micronucleus test (mice), chromosome aberration (CA), and comet assay (rats), respectively. Cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg bw; intraperitoneal) was used as positive control. Another group of animals were pretreated with vitamin E orally (400 mg/kg bw) for 5 days prior to administration of fipronil (12.5 mg/kg). Fipronil exposure in both male and female mice caused significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in polychromatic erythrocytes. Similarly, structural CAs in bone marrow cells and DNA damage in the lymphocytes was found to be significantly higher in the male and female rats exposed to fipronil as compared to their respective controls. The average degree of protection (male and female animals combined together) shown by pretreatment of vitamin E against fipronil-induced genotoxicity was 63.28%: CAs; 47.91%: MN formation; and 74.70%: DNA damage. Findings of this study demonstrate genotoxic nature of fipronil regardless of gender effect and documents protective role of vitamin E.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF MALE AND FEMALE WEANLING RATS TO DIETS OF DIFFERENT DIGESTIBLE ENERGY CONCENTRATIONS AND TO SUPPLEMENTATION WITH VITAMIN E, USING BARLEY OR WHEAT AS CEREAL SOURCES

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. O’GRADY ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Better Than

Sixty-four weanling rats were used in an experiment lasting 6 weeks to test the response of male and female rats to diets having 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, and 3.4 Mcal digestible energy (DE) per kg, where barley and wheat were used as the cereal sources and diets were supplemented with 22 IU vitamin E/kg or unsupplemented. The use of wheat or barley did not influence the performance of female rats but males utilized barley-based diets better than wheat diets and gained more in some weeks, though not overall. Male rats did not respond to vitamin E supplementation but females consumed more of the vitamin E-supplemented diets and grew 6% faster (P < 0.10). Except in the 1st week, females ate more of the lower energy than of the higher energy diets and so DE concentration did not influence rate of gain. Males were not able to adjust food intakes to compensate for dietary energy levels and needed a DE concentration of 3.2 Mcal/kg diet for maximum growth. The data indicate that there is a sex difference in growing rats insofar as DE concentration of the diet required for maximum gain is concerned.

scholarly journals Prolonged administration of secoisolariciresinol diglycoside increases lignan excretion and alters lignan tissue distribution in adult male and female rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niina M. Saarinen ◽  
Lilian U. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Secoisolariciresinol Diglycoside

Limited information is available on lignan metabolism and tissue distribution between sexes and the effects of prolonged lignan exposure on tissue concentrations. In the present study, excretion and tissue distribution of lignans were compared after 1 d and 7 d administration of flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG) in male and female rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were daily gavaged per os with 3H-SDG (3·7 kBq/g body weight (bwt)) and unlabelled SDG (5·3 μg/g bwt). Urine, faeces, serum and tissues (liver, kidneys, bladder, spleen, lungs, brain, thymus, heart, muscle, adipose, mammary gland, ovaries, vagina, uterus, testis, seminal vesicles, coagulating glands and ventral prostate) were collected at 0, 12 and 24 h after a single lignan dose or after the last dose of 7 d exposure. The sample total lignan content was measured as radioactivity by liquid scintillation counting. In both sexes, majority of radioactivity was excreted in faeces (40–83 %) and urine (1·2–5·2 %). 3H-SDG administration increased radioactivity in all tissues at all time points, and the levels were further increased after prolonged SDG exposure. Liver contained majority of the tissue lignans (48–56 %) in both sexes after both exposure regimens. After prolonged SDG exposure, the serum lignan concentrations had reached a plateau which was approximately 4-fold of that of acute exposure, whereas in both sexes, concentrations in skin and kidneys still increased, indicating tissue accumulation. After prolonged exposure, females had higher lignan concentrations in heart and thymus at all time points, demonstrating sex-related differences in lignan tissue distribution and the possibility for sex-specific treatment responses. These findings facilitate identification of target tissues for local lignan actions in vivo.

Oxidative DNA damage and cell proliferation in kidneys of male and female rats during 13-weeks exposure to potassium bromate (KBrO 3 )

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Umemura ◽  
Atsuya Takagi ◽  
Kimie Sai ◽  
Ryuichi Hasegawa ◽  
Yuji Kurokawa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Potassium Bromate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

A study on the investigation of cadmium chloride genotoxicity in rat bone marrow using micronucleus test and chromosome aberration analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayla Çelik ◽  
Ülkü Çömelekoğlu ◽  
Serap Yalin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Tibia Bone ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Rat Bone

In this study, we investigated the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of cadmium chloride (CdCl2)in Wistar rat tibia bone marrow cells, using the structural chromosomal aberration (SCA) and micronucleus (MN) test systems. CdCl2 was administered to adult female rats as repeated i.p. doses of 0.5 mg/kg b.w. for 18 week (four months) at 48 h intervals. Mitomycin C (MMC) was used as a positive control (2 mg/kg b.w.). This study shows that cadmium chloride treatment significantly induced the frequency of micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes in tibia bone marrow. This increase in micronucleus frequency shows that cadmium has a genotoxic effect on bone marrow at this level. Also, in order to determine cytotoxicity in bone marrow, the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes was calculated in bone marrow. The results of this study indicate that CdCl2 decreased this ratio. The decrease of this ratio in bone marrow shows CdCl2 may lead to cytotoxicity. We have reported that 0.5 mg/kg-level chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd) has an injurious effect on bone marrow. Our findings indicate that CdCl2 has a cytotoxic and genotoxic effect on rat bone marrow at chronic exposure.

THE PITUITARY AND ADRENAL RESPONSES TO ADMINISTRATION OF OESTRIOL IN GONADECTOMIZED RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Borglin ◽  
L. Bjersing
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT Oestriol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol) is a weakly oestrogenic substance which, however, in contrast to what was formerly believed, is of physiological significance. Its effect is localized largely to the uterine cervix and vagina. Clinical experience argues both for and against an effect on the pituitary gland. This investigation is concerned with the morphological changes in the pituitary gland and adrenal cortex of gonadectomized male and female rats after the injection of oestriol. It was found that oestriol has the same type of action on these glands as other oestrogens, but under the experimental conditions used, this effect proved much weaker than that produced by oestradiol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol).

INDUCTION OF GOITRE BY PTU OR KClO4 IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS. EFFECT OF GONADECTOMY

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jolín ◽  
M. J. Tarin ◽  
M. D. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Content ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Tsh Levels

ABSTRACT Male and female rats of varying ages were placad on a low iodine diet (LID) plus KClO4 or 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) or on the same diet supplemented with I (control rats). Goitrogenesis was also induced with LID plus PTU in gonadectomized animals of both sexes. The weight of the control and goitrogen treated animals, and the weight and iodine content of their thyroids were determined, as well as the plasma PBI, TSH, insulin and glucose levels. The pituitary GH-like protein content was assessed by disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. If goitrogenesis was induced in young rats of both sexes starting with rats of the same age, body weight (B.W.) and pituitary growth hormone (GH) content, it was found that both the males and females developed goitres of the same size. On the contrary, when goitrogenesis was induced in adult animals, it was found that male rats, that had larger B.W. and pituitary GH content than age-paired females, developed larger goitres. However, both male and female rats were in a hypothyroid condition of comparable degree as judged by the thyroidal iodine content and the plasma PBI and TSH levels. When all the data on the PTU or KClO4-treated male and female rats of varying age and B.W. were considered together, it was observed that the weights of the thyroids increased proportionally to B.W. However, a difference in the slope of the regression of the thyroid weight over B.W. was found between male and female rats, due to the fact that adult male rats develop larger goitres than female animals. In addition, in the male rats treated with PTU, gonadectomy decreased the B.W., pituitary content of GH-like protein and, concomitantly, the size of the goitre decreased; an opposite effect was induced by ovariectomy on the female animals. However, when goitrogenesis was induced in weight-paired adult rats of both sexes, the male animals still developed larger goitres than the females. Among all the parameters studied here, the only ones which appeared to bear a consistent relationship with the size of the goitres in rats of different sexes, treated with a given goitrogen, were the rate of body growth and the amount of a pituitary GH-like protein found before the onset of the goitrogen treatment. Moreover, though the pituitary content of the GH-like protein decreased as a consequence of goitrogen treatment, it was still somewhat higher in male that in female animals. The present results suggest that GH may somehow be involved in the mechanism by which male and female rats on goitrogens develop goitres of different sizes, despite equally high plasma TSH levels.

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