A twenty-first century Citizens’ POLIS: introducing a democratic experiment in electronic citizen participation in science and technology decision-making

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century

scholarly journals Open source tools for geographic analysis in transport planning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Lovelace
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
First Century ◽  
Transport Planning ◽  
Geographic Analysis ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Interactive Map

AbstractGeographic analysis has long supported transport plans that are appropriate to local contexts. Many incumbent ‘tools of the trade’ are proprietary and were developed to support growth in motor traffic, limiting their utility for transport planners who have been tasked with twenty-first century objectives such as enabling citizen participation, reducing pollution, and increasing levels of physical activity by getting more people walking and cycling. Geographic techniques—such as route analysis, network editing, localised impact assessment and interactive map visualisation—have great potential to support modern transport planning priorities. The aim of this paper is to explore emerging open source tools for geographic analysis in transport planning, with reference to the literature and a review of open source tools that are already being used. A key finding is that a growing number of options exist, challenging the current landscape of proprietary tools. These can be classified as command-line interface, graphical user interface or web-based user interface tools and by the framework in which they were implemented, with numerous tools released as R, Python and JavaScript packages, and QGIS plugins. The review found a diverse and rapidly evolving ‘ecosystem’ tools, with 25 tools that were designed for geographic analysis to support transport planning outlined in terms of their popularity and functionality based on online documentation. They ranged in size from single-purpose tools such as the QGIS plugin AwaP to sophisticated stand-alone multi-modal traffic simulation software such as MATSim, SUMO and Veins. Building on their ability to re-use the most effective components from other open source projects, developers of open source transport planning tools can avoid ‘reinventing the wheel’ and focus on innovation, the ‘gamified’ A/B Street https://github.com/dabreegster/abstreet/#abstreet simulation software, based on OpenStreetMap, a case in point. The paper, the source code of which can be found at https://github.com/robinlovelace/open-gat, concludes that, although many of the tools reviewed are still evolving and further research is needed to understand their relative strengths and barriers to uptake, open source tools for geographic analysis in transport planning already hold great potential to help generate the strategic visions of change and evidence that is needed by transport planners in the twenty-first century.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Linda Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Face ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Unknown Case

The introduction explains the crucial significance and “agency” of various media to the debates over the vote and to suffragists and antisuffragists, arguing that print newspapers and magazines are not merely sources of information about the movement, although this is largely how news coverage has been treated by historians and rhetorical scholars. The introduction uses a relatively unknown case of a Missouri suffrage paper to exemplify suffragist experiences, illustrating both their strategic creativity in the face of money problems and their decision making regarding when to abandon their suffrage organ. Then, a twenty-first-century website named for one of the earliest suffrage periodicals is used to show the contemporary postfeminist depoliticization of suffrage politics. In the end, suffragists’ flexibility and adaptability, their willingness to experiment, and their openness to working with an array of reform-minded partners were probably all crucial to their eventual victory.

Identifying Group Processes and Affect in Learners

Gamification ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 1479-1505
Author(s):  
Kate Thompson ◽  
Lina Markauskaite
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
First Century ◽  
Assessment Of Learning ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century Skills

In the last five years, the analytical techniques for identifying the processes of online learning have developed to the point where applications for the assessment of learning can be discussed. This would be most appropriate for twenty-first century skills—such as collaboration, decision-making, and teamwork skills—which are the core learning outcomes in immersive learning environments. The state of the art in this field is still at the stage of discovering patterns of the processes of learning, identifying stages, and suggesting their meaning. However, already it is important to consider what technologies can offer and what information teachers need in order to evaluate students' situated performance and to provide useful feedback. This chapter describes an imagined virtual world, one that affords the range of twenty-first century skills, in order to illustrate types of analyes that could be conducted on learning process data. Such analytical methods could provide both descriptive information about the performance of learners and depict structures and patterns of their learning processes. The future assessment of learning in immersive virtual worlds may draw on data about deep embodied processes and multiple senses that usually underpin professional skills, such as affect, visual perception, and movement. This type of assessment could also provide deeper insights into many psychological processes in collaborative learning, decision-making, and problem-solving in virtual worlds, such as motivation, self-efficacy, and engagement. Overall, the view of the assessment presented in this chapter extends beyond the formal learning outcomes that are usually required by tertiary education quality and standards agencies and assessed in traditional courses in higher education to include a range of new capacities that may not be required but are essential for successful performance in contemporary workplaces.

Gender Discrimination in Tourism Industry

2022 ◽  
pp. 1304-1323
Author(s):  
Aslı Albayrak
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
First Century ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Women In Business ◽  
Twenty First Century

Compared to the past, business life has considerably developed in any area in the last century. All of the goods and services producing enterprises have made very important developments by taking advantage of science and technology at every stage of consumption and post-consumption processes starting from production. However, it can be said that the most important of these developments is the entry of the female workforce into the business life in the twenty-first century. The involvement of women in business life has not only changed the forms of production and presentation of the enterprises but also led businesses to achieve a completely different perspective.

Why is everything old new again? Revisiting debates about the form and function of research in educational administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-356
Author(s):  
Robert Donmoyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
First Century ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Historical Essay ◽  
Twenty First Century

PurposeThis paper has a twofold purpose: (1) to demonstrate, largely with historical evidence, that, contrary to what some have argued, thinking about educational research articulated at the start of the twenty-first century was not really “new wine in new bottles” but, rather, a continuation of the so-called paradigm wars about, ultimately, unresolvable methodological and epistemological issues that occurred during the twentieth century; (2) to suggest a way members of the educational administration field might transcend, or at least circumvent, time-consuming and distracting battles about unresolvable methodological and epistemological issues in the future while keeping their focus on issues of practice.Design/methodology/approachThis is a quasi-historical essay that uses influential literature during the historical periods focused on as evidence to support the essay's arguments.FindingsThe paper demonstrates that twentieth century philosophical disagreements about research methods and the role that educational research can play in policy and practice decision making were not resolved but, rather, were largely reenacted during the first decade of the twenty-first century, again without a resolution. The paper proposes a way that administrators, policymakers and researchers can manage this situation and still use research to make policy and practice decisions.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests a new role for both school administrators and policymakers to play. If administrators/policymakers play this role successfully, all types of research can inform decision making about policy and practice, and researchers can concentrate on doing their research rather than engaging in unresolvable philosophical disputes.Originality/valueAlthough a great deal has been written about the twentieth century's theory movement and paradigm wars and the twenty-first century's so-called science wars, the link between these phenomena has not been discussed in the literature. In addition, there have been few attempts to articulate an operational strategy for managing unresolvable philosophical disputes about research methods and the role that research can play in decision making. This paper tackles both matters.

Francis Bacon on the Political Dangers of Scientific Progress

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi D. Studer
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
First Century ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
The Political ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Political Works

AbstractTechnological progress has brought some political difficulties: we have both too much power and too little control. Francis Bacon, a principal promoter of science and technology, was not naive about the uses to which the conquest of nature would be put; they may not all be good, humane and charitable. He was not uniformly optimistic about the result being “the relief of man's estate,” even though that is the overwhelming rhetorical thrust of his major writings. Bacon actually rejected many of our currently offered “solutions” for controlling science as being hopelessly impolitic and improvident. This is revealed in a little-known chapter, entitled “Daedalus,” in one of his most comprehensive political works, Of the Wisdom of the Ancients. He provides timely lessons for us to consider now, entering the twenty-first century.

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