Three Perceptual Tools for Seeing and Understanding Visualized Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 096372142110095
Author(s):  
Steven L. Franconeri
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Powerful System ◽  
Power Limits ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
Artificial World

The visual system evolved and develops to process the scenes, faces, and objects of the natural world, but people adapt this powerful system to process data within an artificial world of visualizations. To extract patterns in data from these artificial displays, viewers appear to use at least three perceptual tools, including a tool that extracts global statistics, one that extracts shapes within the data, and one that produces sentence-like comparisons. A better understanding of the power, limits, and deployment of these tools would lead to better guidelines for designing effective data displays.

scholarly journals THE VISUAL SYSTEM: A "CHICKEN AND EGG" PROBLEM SOLVED

2009 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
ANDREW R. PARKER ◽  
H. JOHN CAULFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Process Data ◽  
System A ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Brain

"What comes first: the chicken or the egg?" Eyes and vision were a great concern for Darwin. Recently, religious fundamentalists have started to attack evolution on the grounds that this is a chicken and egg problem. How could eyes improve without the brain module to use the new information that eye provides? But how could the brain evolve a neural circuit to process data not available to it until a new eye capability emerges? We argue that neural plasticity in the brain allows it to make use of essentially any useful information the eye can produce. And it does so easily within the animal's lifetime. Richard Gregory suggested something like this 40 years ago. Our work resolves a problem with his otherwise-insightful work.

scholarly journals Why Do Line Drawings Work? A Realism Hypothesis

Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Hertzmann
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Object Identity ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
3D Shape ◽  
Realistic Images ◽  
As If

Why is it that we can recognize object identity and 3D shape from line drawings, even though they do not exist in the natural world? This article hypothesizes that the human visual system perceives line drawings as if they were approximately realistic images. Moreover, the techniques of line drawing are chosen to accurately convey shape to a human observer. Several implications and variants of this hypothesis are explored.

scholarly journals A Tale of Two Worlds: The Natural World and the Artificial World

2007 ◽  
Vol 205 (S1) ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
J. T. Trevors ◽  
M. H. Saier Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
Artificial World

scholarly journals Flow stimuli reveal ecologically appropriate responses in mouse visual cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (44) ◽  
pp. 11304-11309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Dyballa ◽  
Mahmood S. Hoseini ◽  
Maria C. Dadarlat ◽  
Steven W. Zucker ◽  
Michael P. Stryker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Spatial Frequency Analysis

Assessments of the mouse visual system based on spatial-frequency analysis imply that its visual capacity is low, with few neurons responding to spatial frequencies greater than 0.5 cycles per degree. However, visually mediated behaviors, such as prey capture, suggest that the mouse visual system is more precise. We introduce a stimulus class—visual flow patterns—that is more like what the mouse would encounter in the natural world than are sine-wave gratings but is more tractable for analysis than are natural images. We used 128-site silicon microelectrodes to measure the simultaneous responses of single neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of alert mice. While holding temporal-frequency content fixed, we explored a class of drifting patterns of black or white dots that have energy only at higher spatial frequencies. These flow stimuli evoke strong visually mediated responses well beyond those predicted by spatial-frequency analysis. Flow responses predominate in higher spatial-frequency ranges (0.15–1.6 cycles per degree), many are orientation or direction selective, and flow responses of many neurons depend strongly on sign of contrast. Many cells exhibit distributed responses across our stimulus ensemble. Together, these results challenge conventional linear approaches to visual processing and expand our understanding of the mouse’s visual capacity to behaviorally relevant ranges.

scholarly journals Flow stimuli reveal ecologically-appropriate responses in mouse visual cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Dyballa ◽  
Mahmood S. Hoseini ◽  
Maria C. Dadarlat ◽  
Steven W. Zucker ◽  
Michael P. Stryker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Spatial Frequency Analysis

AbstractAssessments of the mouse visual system based on spatial frequency analysis imply that its visual capacity is low, with few neurons responding to spatial frequencies greater than 0.5 cycles/degree. However, visually-mediated behaviors, such as prey capture, suggest that the mouse visual system is more precise. We introduce a new stimulus class—visual flow patterns—that is more like what the mouse would encounter in the natural world than are sine-wave gratings but is more tractable for analysis than are natural images. We used 128-site silicon microelectrodes to measure the simultaneous responses of single neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of alert mice. While holding temporal-frequency content fixed, we explored a class of drifting patterns of black or white dots that have energy only at higher spatial frequencies. These flow stimuli evoke strong visually-mediated responses well beyond those predicted by spatial frequency analysis. Flow responses predominate in higher spatial-frequency ranges (0.15–1.6 cycles/degree); many are orientation- or direction-selective; and flow responses of many neurons depend strongly on sign of contrast. Many cells exhibit distributed responses across our stimulus ensemble. Together, these results challenge conventional linear approaches to visual processing and expand our understanding of the mouse’s visual capacity to behaviorally-relevant ranges.Significance StatementThe visual system of the mouse is now widely studied as a model for development and disease in humans. Studies of its primary visual cortex (V1) using conventional grating stimuli to construct linear-nonlinear receptive fields suggest that the mouse must have very poor vision. Using novel stimuli resembling the flow of images across the retina as the mouse moves through the grass, we find that most V1 neurons respond reliably to very much finer details of the visual scene than previously believed. Our findings suggest that the conventional notion of a unique receptive field does not capture the operation of the neural network in mouse V1.

scholarly journals KAJIAN RUANG SAKRAL BAGI MILENIAL DI DALAM KREMATORIUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Drama Permai ◽  
Sutarki Sutisna
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Space Scale ◽  
Artificial World ◽  
Over Time

A very thick culture in Indonesian society is increasingly fading away by the milenial generation over time. One culture that is taken as an example is the culture of ancestral prayer, fading due to the absence of mediators to study the culture. The learning of ancestral prayer culture can be practiced directly in one of the sacred buildings, namely the crematorium and the columbarium. The purpose of this study was to examine the typology of crematorium spaces that match the behavior of the milenial generation and how to process the spatial atmosphere elements in the crematorium building. The research method used is collecting data from direct interviews, internet data and books, comparison of precedent studies and synthesis analysis. The crematorium was designed for the milenial by emphasizing a journey that will be carried out by the milenials. Space scale, space colors, light and dark spaces, and the atmosphere inside will create a sacred journey. This Journey is expected to be a reference where milenials can save a cultural experience by directly sensing the atmosphere and activities in each of their spaces that will create a separate memory for the milenials. The design presented will separate the 2 main programs, namely the sacred mass and the non-sacred mass that is connected with a link. The role of nature is also included as a combination of the artificial world and the natural world such as the earth where the sky is superimposed. AbstrakBudaya yang sangat kental di dalam masyarakat Indonesia semakin lama semakin memudar oleh generasi milenial seiring dengan berjalannya waktu. Salah satu budaya yang diambil sebagai contoh adalah budaya sembahyang leluhur, memudar dikarenakan tidak adanya mediator untuk mempelajari budaya tersebut. Pembelajaran budaya sembahyang leluhur dapat dipraktekan langsung di salah satu bangunan sakral, yaitu krematorium dan kolumbarium. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti tipologi ruang krematorium yang cocok dengan perilaku generasi milenial dan bagaimana cara mengolah unsur suasana keruangan di dalam bangunan krematorium. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan data dari wawancara secara langsung, data internet dan buku, perbandingan studi preseden dan analisis sintesis. Krematorium ini dirancang untuk milenial dengan menekankan pada sebuah perjalanan yang akan dilakukan oleh para milenial. Permainan skala ruang, warna ruang, terang dan gelap ruang, dan suasana hiruk pikuk suasana di dalamnya akan menciptakan sebuah perjalanan sakral. Perjalanan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dimana para milenial dapat menyimpan sebuah pengalaman budaya dengan cara merasakan langsung suasana dan kegiatannya di setiap ruangnya yang akan menciptakan memory tersendiri bagi para milenial. Desain yang disajikan akan memisahkan 2 program utama yaitu massa sakral dan massa non-sakral yang dihubungkan dengan sebuah penghubung. Peran alam juga dimasukkan sebagai perpaduan antara dunia buatan dan dunia alam seperti bumi dimana dilapiskan oleh langit.

Author response for "The brain of the African wild dog. IV . The visual system"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Chengetanai ◽  
Adhil Bhagwandin ◽  
Mads F. Bertelsen ◽  
Therese Hård ◽  
Patrick R. Hof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Author Response ◽  
African Wild Dog ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
The Brain

Digital differential hysteresis iimage processing displays what the microscope acquires but the eye can't see

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Visual System ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Contrast Resolution ◽  
Pixel Intensity ◽  
Data Reading ◽  
Hysteresis Properties

Differential hysteresis processing is a new image processing technology that provides a tool for the display of image data information at any level of differential contrast resolution. This includes the maximum contrast resolution of the acquisition system which may be 1,000-times higher than that of the visual system (16 bit versus 6 bit). All microscopes acquire high precision contrasts at a level of <0.01-25% of the acquisition range in 16-bit - 8-bit data, but these contrasts are mostly invisible or only partially visible even in conventionally enhanced images. The processing principle of the differential hysteresis tool is based on hysteresis properties of intensity variations within an image.Differential hysteresis image processing moves a cursor of selected intensity range (hysteresis range) along lines through the image data reading each successive pixel intensity. The midpoint of the cursor provides the output data. If the intensity value of the following pixel falls outside of the actual cursor endpoint values, then the cursor follows the data either with its top or with its bottom, but if the pixels' intensity value falls within the cursor range, then the cursor maintains its intensity value.

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