Dutch Nurses' Attitudes Towards Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada van Bruchem-van de Scheur ◽  
Arie van der Arend ◽  
Frans van Wijmen ◽  
Huda Huijer Abu-Saad ◽  
Ruud ter Meulen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Physician Assisted Suicide ◽  
Common Practices

This article presents the attitudes of nurses towards three issues concerning their role in euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 1509 nurses who were employed in hospitals, home care organizations and nursing homes. The study was conducted in the Netherlands between January 2001 and August 2004. The results show that less than half (45%) of nurses would be willing to serve on committees reviewing cases of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. More than half of the nurses (58.2%) found it too far-reaching to oblige physicians to consult a nurse in the decision-making process. The majority of the nurses stated that preparing euthanatics (62.9%) and inserting an infusion needle to administer the euthanatics (54.1%) should not be accepted as nursing tasks. The findings are discussed in the context of common practices and policies in the Netherlands, and a recommendation is made not to include these three issues in new regulations on the role of nurses in euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide.

Alleviation of Pain and Symptoms With a Life-Shortening Intention

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grada (Ada) G van Bruchem-van de Scheur ◽  
Arie JG van der Arend ◽  
Huda Huijer Abu-Saad ◽  
Frans CB van Wijmen ◽  
Cor Spreeuwenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
End Of Life Decisions ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Professional Guidelines

This article reports the findings of a study into the role of Dutch nurses in the alleviation of pain and symptoms with a life-shortening intention, conducted as part of a study into the role of nurses in medical end-of-life decisions. A questionnaire survey was carried out using a population of 1509 nurses who were employed in hospitals, home care organizations and nursing homes. The response rate was 82.0%; 78.1% (1179) were suitable for analysis. The results show that in about half of the cases (55.8%) nurses were involved in the decision making by the physician and that nurses were frequently (81.5%) involved in administering the medication. The authors' conclusion is that alleviation of pain and symptoms with a life-shortening intention represents a `grey' area, in which physicians and nurses act on the basis of personal ethical norms rather than legal rules, professional guidelines or shared moral values.

An Ethical Perspective on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide in the Netherlands from a Nursing Point of View

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie JG van der Arend
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Consultation Skills ◽  
Source Of Information

In the Netherlands, euthanasia and assisted suicide are formally forbidden by criminal law, but, under certain strictly formulated conditions, physicians are excused for administering these to patients on the basis of necessity. These conditions are bound up with a long process of criteria development. Therefore, physicians still live in uncertainty. Future court decisions may change the criteria. Apart from that, physicians can always be prosecuted. The position of nurses, however, is perfectly clear; they are never allowed to administer euthanasia or assisted suicide. Nevertheless, they should be involved in the decision-making process because they are an important source of information and have consultation skills. The openness of the discussion about these issues in the Netherlands may prevent an escalation of medical or nursing responsibility and falling victim to the ‘slippery slope’.

Understanding Travel Behavior through Travel Happiness

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni G. Mantouka ◽  
Eleni I. Vlahogianni ◽  
Alexandros E. Papacharalampous ◽  
Léonie Heydenrijk-Ottens ◽  
Sanmay Shelat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Travel Mode Choice ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Travel Satisfaction

The aim of this paper is to extend past research on travel behavior analysis by investigating travelers’ emotions and perceptions of the system’s performance. Perceived travel happiness as an extension of travel satisfaction is researched in the framework of the decision-making process during traveling. Socio-demographic, cognitive, and affective data were collected from a questionnaire survey that took place in Athens (Greece), the Netherlands, and Barcelona and Salamanca (Spain). A Bayesian network was developed to investigate the interrelations between travel happiness and parameters that affect travel behavior. Findings revealed that travel mode choice directly affects the level of happiness that a person experiences during everyday trips. Moreover, travel happiness is directly associated with the traveler’s perception of the occurrence of disruptions during everyday trips and the level of tolerance he/she has toward such disruptions. Results also indicated that further research should focus on understanding how the topology and performance of each country’s system affect travel-related choices. Finally, a discussion of the most significant results is provided.

The role of nurses in euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in The Netherlands

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
G G van Bruchem-van de Scheur ◽  
A J G v. d. Arend ◽  
H H. Abu-Saad ◽  
C Spreeuwenberg ◽  
F C B van Wijmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Physician Assisted Suicide

scholarly journals Consultant-liaison psychiatrists and euthanasia in the Netherlands

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frits J. Huyse ◽  
Willem van Tilburg ◽  
Ine Klijn ◽  
Gertie Casteelen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
The Public

On 30 November 1993 a nine year political debate on euthanasia closed; the first chamber of the Dutch parliament ratified the law on undertaking, including euthanasia regulations. This political step concluded, for the time being at least, a legal, public, political and medical debate, which started in 1973, when a medical doctor was convicted for performing euthanasia on her mother. In a first effort in 1983, parliament failed to legalise euthanasia. In 1989 a new government introduced an initiative to improve the existing law in this regard. As a part of the process, empirical data on the extent of euthanasia in The Netherlands were required. Therefore, the Minister of Justice installed a committee. Its findings have been reported nationally and internationally (van der Maas et al, 1991a, 1991b); about 2,300 euthanasia cases in 1990, being 1.8% of all deaths. These empirical findings reduced the uncertainties about the extent of euthanasia, thereby providing a sound basis for the parliamentary decision-making process. Although by the current law euthanasia and assisted suicide still remain illegal, under strict guidelines for behaviour provided by the Ministry of Justice in November 1990 and distributed among physicians in January 1991, euthanasia can be exempted by the public prosecutor from criminal punishment on the basis of the ‘opportunity’ principle, this being the opportunity for the public prosecutor not to bring all reported crimes to court (Letter of the Minister of Justice to Parliament, 1990).

Prawne aspekty eutanazji w Holandii

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Stefanowicz
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Dutch Society ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Limited Length ◽  
The Law ◽  
Death On Demand ◽  
The Way

This article undertakes to show the way that has led to the statutory decriminalization of euthanasia-related murder and assisted suicide in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It presents the evolution of the views held by Dutch society on the euthanasia related practice, in the consequence of which death on demand has become legal after less than thirty years. Due attention is paid to the role of organs of public authority in these changes, with a particular emphasis put on the role of the Dutch Parliament – the States General. Because of scarcity of space and limited length of the article, the change in the attitudes toward euthanasia, which has taken place in the Netherlands, is presented in a synthetic way – from the first discussions on admissibility of a euthanasia-related murder carried out in the 1970s, through the practice of killing patients at their request, which was against the law at that time, but with years began more and more acceptable, up to the statutory decriminalization of euthanasia by the Dutch Parliament, made with the support of the majority of society.

scholarly journals Decision Making from the Experience of Orthognathic Surgery Patients: A Grounded Theory Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110144
Author(s):  
N.R. Paul ◽  
S.R. Baker ◽  
B.J. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Theory Approach

Introduction: Patients’ decisions to undergo major surgery such as orthognathic treatment are not just about how the decision is made but what influences the decision. Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to identify the key processes involved in patients’ experience of decision making for orthognathic treatment. Methods: This study reports some of the findings of a larger grounded theory study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews of patients who were seen for orthognathic treatment at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Twenty-two participants were recruited (age range 18–66 y), of whom 12 (male = 2, female = 10) were 6 to 8 wk postsurgery, 6 (male = 2, female = 4) were in the decision-making stage, and 4 (male = 0, female = 4) were 1 to 2 y postsurgery. Additional data were also collected from online blogs and forums on jaw surgery. The data analysis stages of grounded theory methodology were undertaken, including open and selective coding. Results: The study identified the central role of dental care professionals (DCPs) in several underlying processes associated with decision making, including legitimating, mediating, scheduling, projecting, and supporting patients’ decisions. Six categories were related to key aspects of decision making. These were awareness about their underlying dentofacial problems and treatment options available, the information available about the treatment, the temporality of when surgery would be undertaken, the motivations and expectation of patients, social support, and fear of the surgery, hospitalization, and potentially disliking their new face. Conclusion: The decision-making process for orthognathic treatment is complex, multifactorial, and heavily influenced by the role of DCPs in patient care. Understanding the magnitude of this role will enable DCPs to more clearly participate in improving patients’ decision-making process. The findings of this study can inform future quantitative studies. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used both for informing clinical practice around enabling decision making for orthognathic treatment and also for designing future research. The findings can better inform clinicians about the importance of their role in the patients’ decision-making process for orthognathic treatment and the means to improve the patient experience. It is suggested that further research could be conducted to measure some of the key constructs identified within our grounded theory and assess how these change during the treatment process.

Evolution of EC Institutions and Role of France (1990–2000)

2011 ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
P. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Eu

The gradual enlargement of the EEC has necessitated an adaptation of European supranational structures established in the 1950-1970s to the needs of the time. Under these circumstances one of the key priorities of France's participation in the EU is he struggle for preserving her influence on the EU decision-making process. The article is devoted to the interaction of France with its partners in the EU institutions. This implies not only the implementation of its own interests, but also the search for compromise more or less satisfactory to all participants.

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