The ethos of caring within midwifery: A history of ideas study

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-818
Author(s):  
Åsa Larsson ◽  
Yvonne Hilli
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Caring Science ◽  
History Of

Background: The midwifery profession in Sweden has a history since the early 1700s when government training for midwives began. Midwifery is historically well described, but the idea of caring within midwifery is not described. Aim: The aim was to describe the patterns of ideas of caring as they appeared in midwifery during the first half of the 20th century. Research design: This study has a hermeneutic approach and the method is history of ideas. Sources of material are taken from the journal Jordemodern (Midwifery), textbooks for midwives, and midwifery regulations. The study has a caring science perspective according to Eriksson. Ethical considerations: This study is conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines for good scientific practice issued by The Finnish Advisory Board on Research Integrity. The special demands on approach to the analyzed text in history of ideas have been met. Findings: Three themes were identified: Serving as a way of life, Acting in a redemptive spirit, and Having independence with heavy responsibility. The various themes are not refined, but current ideas are woven into the weave that were characteristic of midwifery during the first half of the 20th century. Conclusion: History of ideas is a fruitful method for understanding and re-finding valuable cultural goods. We can once more stress the manner of being within the midwife’s profession where inner values, ethos, shape the manner of conduct in the care of women in childbirth.

Kainar: A Late 18th to Early 20th Century Ritual and Housing Complex in the Northern Ustyurt

2022 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
S. E. Azhigali ◽  
L. R. Turganbayeva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stone Carving ◽  
Housing Complex

This is the fi rst description of a key Kazakh recent permanent settlement at Donyztau, in the northern Ustyurt. Such sites, evidencing major historical processes during the transition of nomadic pastoralists to a semi-sedentary lifestyle (mid-19th to early 20th century), are known as “ritual and housing complexes” (RHC). Kainar, a highly representative site, is viewed as a socio-cultural phenomenon and an integral architectural and landscape ensemble. The excavation history of RHCs in the Donyztau area and their evolution are discussed, and the role of ascetics such as Doszhan-Ishan Kashakuly is described. We highlight separate parts of the complex (the settlement and cemetery) and their elements. The architecture of the RHC is reconstructed with regard to structure, function, and continuity with the landscape. The layout of the site as a whole and of the madrasah with its typical elements are compared with those of similar sites in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. A reconstruction of the complex is proposed and the function of public halls is interpreted. The role of the cemetery and of its parts in the structure of the RHC is evaluated; the evolution of its spatial organization is traced. Types of memorial complexes are listed in terms of harmony with the landscape, archaic beliefs, architecture, and style, specifi cally stone carving. The historical and cultural signifi cance of Kainar as a source of knowledge about the transition to a semi-sedentary way of life and the Islamization of the steppe is discussed.

Spirituality in nursing: A concept analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Murgia ◽  
Ippolito Notarnicola ◽  
Gennaro Rocco ◽  
Alessandro Stievano
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Work Organizations ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Spiritual Nature ◽  
History Of

Background: Spirituality has always been present in the history of nursing and continues to be a topic of nursing interest. Spirituality has ancient roots. The term ‘spirituality’ is interpreted as spirit and is translated as breath and soul, whereas spirituality (immateriality) is spiritual nature. Historically, the term spirituality is associated with the term religiosity, a definition that persists today, and often the two terms are used interchangeably. In the healthcare context, the construct is still. Objective To clarify the concept of spirituality in nursing. Research design In this article spirituality was explored using Rodgers' evolutionary and inductive method of concept analysis. Participants and research context For this analysis, a sample of 71 articles published in English, from 2008 to 2018 from PubMed/Medline, CINAHL Plus with full text, PsycINFO, SciELO databases were retrieved. It was also accomplished an empirical search of dictionaries and e-books. Ethical considerations This study was conducted according to good scientific practice. Findings It emerged that “spirituality” is a dynamic process and has a range of attributes. The cultural dimensions, the religious and spiritual traditions, the ethnic diversity and the influence of the historical and social contexts represent the societal and historical conditions ingrained in the Western thought that influence the emergence of spirituality as a concept. Antecedents, attributes and onsequences appeared to inform and strengthen one another over time. Spirituality is a significant concept for the discipline of nursing with profound consequences for caring patients and for work organizations.

scholarly journals Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (18 N.S.) ◽  
pp. vii-x
Author(s):  
Christopher Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Art History ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Heritage Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Of Oslo ◽  
The University

The articles in the present volume are the result of two workshops held at the Norwegian Institute in Rome that are both robustly disciplinary, but simultaneously raise issues beyond the disciplinary bounds of art history (into philosophy, history of ideas and history) and archaeology (into criminology, heritage studies and contemporary sociology and politics). The first was organised by DniR-researcher Mattia Biffis in October 2019, The Art of Truth: Providing Evidence in Early Modern Bologna. The second section is based on a digital workshop organised by DniR-researcher Samuel Hardy in collaboration with the Heritage Experience Initiative project at the University of Oslo in October 2020, Handling of Cultural Goods and Financing of Political Violence.   On cover:ANNIBALE CARRACCI (BOLOGNA 1560 - ROME 1609), An Allegory of Truth and Time c. 1584-1585. Oil on canvas | 130,0 x 169,6 cm. (support, canvas/panel/str external) | RCIN 404770Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2021.

Diffusion – Disjunktion – Distanz

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-284
Author(s):  
Melis Avkiran
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Art History ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Hierarchical Order ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
History Of

"Diffusion – Disjunktion – Distanz Erwin Panofskys kulturmorphologische Grundierung oder Nachdenken über Renaissanceand Renascences (1944) Der vorliegende Beitrag skizziert den ersten Teil eines Forschungsentwurfs, in dessenZentrum Erwin Panofskys Artikel Renaissance and Renascences aus dem Jahr 1944steht. Die Analyse des Textes fokussiert Panofskys historische Formel des sog. ›Disjunktionsprinzips‹zur Antikenrezeption und beleuchtet das inliegende Verständniskultureller Prozesse und Zusammenhänge. Der Blick wird auf die kulturtheoretischenImplikationen gelenkt, die in Panofskys Formel enthalten sind. Diese impliziertnämlich eine grundsätzliche Mobilität antiker Kulturelemente. Mit Nähezum ethnologischen Modell der Diffusion wird ein kulturtheoretischer Zugangzu Panofskys Arbeit ermöglicht, der bisher ebenso wenig beachtet wie ideengeschichtlichkontextualisiert wurde. Dabei wird deutlich, dass kulturelle Tradierungsich anhand diffusionistischer Erklärungsmuster mit dem Ziel formiert, einehierarchische Ordnung europäischer (Kultur‑)Epochen am Beispiel der Antikenrezeptionzu postulieren. Der Ansatz zeigt das Potenzial, welches sich im Vergleichdominanter Strömungen der deutschen Ethnologie und der Kunstgeschichte imfrühen 20. Jahrhundert verbirgt. This article sketches the first part of a research project centred on Erwin Panofsky’s article»Renaissance and Renascences« from 1944. The analysis of the text focuses on Panofsky’shistorical formula of the so-called ›principle of disjunction‹ for the reception of antiquity andsheds light on the internal understanding of cultural processes and contexts. The view is directedto the cultural-theoretical implications contained in Panofsky’s formula. This implies afundamental mobility of classical cultural elements. The proximity to the ethnological modelof diffusion enables a cultural-theoretical approach to Panofsky’s work that has so far beenignored, nor has it been contextualized in terms of a history of ideas. It becomes clear thatcultural tradition is formed on the basis of diffusionist explanatory patterns with the aim ofpostulating a hierarchical order of European (cultural) epochs using the example of the receptionof antiquity. The approach shows the potential hidden in the comparison of dominantcurrents in German ethnology and art history in the early 20th century "

A Text Worthy of Plotinus

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Information

A Text Worthy of Plotinus makes available for the first time information on the collaborative work that went into the completion of the first reliable edition of Plotinus’ Enneads: Plotini Opera, editio maior, three volumes (Brussels, Paris, and Leiden, 1951-1973), followed by the editio minor, three volumes (Oxford, 1964-1983). Pride of place is given to the correspondence of the editors, Paul Henry S.J. and Hans-Rudolf Schwyzer, with other prominent scholars of late antiquity, amongst whom are E.R. Dodds, B.S. Page, A.H. Armstrong, and J. Igal S.J. Also included in the volume are related documents consisting in personal memoirs, course handouts and extensive biographical notices of the two editors as well as of those other scholars who contributed to fostering the revival of Plotinus in the latter half of the 20th century. Taken together, letters and documents let the reader into the problems – codicological, exegetical, and philosophical – that are involved in the interpretation of medieval manuscripts and their transcription for modern readers. Additional insights are provided into the nature of collaborative work involving scholars from different countries and traditions. A Text Worthy of Plotinus will prove a crucial archive for generations of scholars. Those interested in the philosophy of Plotinus will find it a fount of information on his style, manner of exposition, and handling of sources. The volume will also appeal to readers interested in broader trends in 20th century scholarship in the fields of Classics, History of Ideas, Theology, and Religion.

scholarly journals “We All Need Your Dictionary”: Letters to Sergey Ozhegov of the 1940s–1960s (To the 120th Anniversary of the Birth of the Scholar)

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Nikitin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Editorial Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The One ◽  
General Linguistic

The publication presents previously unknown letters to Sergey Ozhegov of the late 1940s – early 1960s, which reveal facts of his scientific biography. The aim of this work is to introduce into scientific discourse rare archival documents on the history of Russian linguistics, and also to study linguistic polemics in the USSR in the era of the onslaught of the Marrism of the end of the 1940s. The main methods of studying the material are historical-linguistic, lexicographic, sociolinguistic and linguistic source analysis (search, decoding and commenting on archival texts). In the course of the research of documentary materials, the author has revealed new facts testifying to the change of a vector of scientific views on explanatory lexicography as a whole which, unlike the previous dictionary projects, was not adapted to academic needs, and first of all solved practical problems of explaining the actual lexicon of the 20th century. The article notes that one of the key issues of the dictionary work of that time was the interpretation of Sovietisms, on the one hand, and religious words and expressions, on the other. The archaic vocabulary (“merchant” and church elements) became the object of fierce criticism of Ozhegov’s opponents. Scholars and non-philological readers, polemicizing with Ozhegov, paid special attention to reviews and analysis of semantic, stylistic and cultural-historical realities of dictionary entries. Ozhegov’s respondents also discussed the difficult fate of the dictionary. The published letters contain semi-official reviews from both famous scholars (A.P. Evgenieva, Ya.M. Endzelin, R.R. Gel’gardt, J.V. Loja) and ordinary readers of The Dictionary, they reveal Ozhegov as a person of special gift loving his native language. These letters provide valuable material for the analysis of linguistic homeland studies of the period of struggle between the two ideologies in science. The letters reveal new facts of Ozhegov’s editorial work, discuss the criticism of the publication in the press, note its strengths and weaknesses. The article emphasizes the sociocultural aspect of Ozhegov’s interpretations and the ambiguity of their perception by contemporaries. The Dictionary is included in the context of general linguistic ideas by D.N. Ushakov and L.V. Shcherba. The high pedagogical value of this source is indicated. The published archival materials confirm a unique fact in the scientific practice of the mid-20th century: the emergence of a popular explanatory dictionary reflecting the cultural constants of the time and serving as a reliable tool for self-education. The article is of interest to historiographers of science, lexicologists and lexicographers, linguaculturologists, sociolinguists.

scholarly journals The Functional Role of Structures in Bourbaki

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-214
Author(s):  
Gerhard Heinzmann ◽  
Jean Petitot
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Vertical Dimension ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Mathematical Structuralism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Doctrine

In the history of 20th-century mathematical structuralism, the figure of Bourbaki is prominent and sometimes even identified with the philosophical doctrine of structuralism. However, the Bourbaki group consisted of pure mathematicians, among them the greatest of their generation, most of whom seemed little inclined to, and even hesitant about, philosophy. This essay proposes to explore this tension in line with the recent philosophical interest in scientific practice. The working assumption is that the use of the concept of structure in Bourbaki is not mainly conceptual and foundational, but pragmatic and functional. This functional interpretation is governed by the principle of the unity of mathematics. In addition to their deductive “vertical” dimension, taking into account structures can reveal various “horizontal” connections between different theories.

Public Administration in the Social Reform Movement

Public Voices ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
M. Curtis Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Structural Reform ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reform Tradition ◽  
Hearts And Minds

At the start of the 20th century, social reform competed with structural reform for the hearts and minds of urban reformers. Public administration scholarship has long recognized P A's roots in the structural reform tradition. In contrast, P A's rela­tionship to the social reform tradition has remained obscure. This exploration in the history of ideas shows that social reform rejected many principles upon which public adminis­tration now rests, and advanced many alternative concepts in their stead.

Critical Intimacy: Jacques Derrida and the Friendship of Politics

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Orford
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
History Of

Since receiving the invitation to participate in this special issue, I have been wondering about whether I can do justice in this brief space to what I have learnt from reading Derrida. And as someone who long ago began to distrust those versions of the history of ideas organized around the names of important individuals, I've also wondered about how and why I would want to link lessons to the proper name “Jacques Derrida.” Indeed the pleasure, and even the reward, I have received from reading Derrida is hard for me to separate out from the experience of living as part of a community that exists within and across the institutions I inhabit, with colleagues, students and friends. I associate Derrida with a way of life, a way of reading, writing, speaking and listening to each other, that is part of the “simple day-to-dayness” and “the intense moments of work, teaching and thinking” that constitutes this community, that allies us. I hope I can communicate a little of what reading Derrida has meant, and still does mean, to me then within this particular institutional life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document