Unequal Sharing of Domestic Work: A Time Use Study of Farm Households in Western Uttar Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Baliyan
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Total Workload

The article examines the issue of unpaid work and sharing of work between male and female family members in cultivating households on the basis of a field survey of 240 farm households in two districts in the agriculturally developed western region of Uttar Pradesh. The study reveals that women’s total workload was much higher than that of men. The pattern of work and time use have hardly changed. The burden of domestic work and care basically falls on women of the household. The participation of men in these activities is nominal. Women’s contribution to farm activities is significant, and further, they do most of the work in animal husbandry. Consequently, they have much less time for leisure and sleep. Our study highlights the permanence of traditional intra-household gender disparities in the distribution of work within the household. These values are transferred to the next generation as young girls are expected to help their mothers in carrying out domestic duties and care work, while boys have no such obligation.

Farmers Sustainability and Social Justice: Evidences of Land Inequalities in Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 232-238
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Land Fragmentation ◽  
Total Sample Size ◽  
Fragmentation Index ◽  
State Economy

The present study is an attempt to inspect the aspect of social justice among the farmers in terms of fragmented land and farmers’ distress in Uttar Pradesh. The data were obtained through field survey via interview scheduled. A sample of 80 respondents from each targeted village namely, Jansar, Sithauli, Charsoni, and Jonai were selected from each region of Uttar Pradesh state economy. Thus, the study used a total sample size of 320 samples. Simmons index (1968) for canvassing the land fragmentation index (LFI) was applied in the Uttar Pradesh context. Further distress was measured via the help of ratios. It flaunted causes and degrees of distress were relatively high among marginal and small farmers. The result of LFI confirms that high fragmentation was a cause of subsistence income among marginal and small farms compared to semi-medium, and medium farms.

scholarly journals The role of unpaid domestic work in explaining the gender gap in the (monetary) value of leisure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Jokubauskaitė ◽  
Reinhard Hössinger ◽  
Sergio Jara-Díaz ◽  
Stefanie Peer ◽  
Alyssa Schneebaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Unpaid Labor ◽  
Travel Time Savings

AbstractThe value of travel time savings (VTTS) representing the willingness to pay to reduce travel time, consists of two components: the value of liberating time [equal to the value of leisure (VoL)] and the value of time assigned to travel (VTAT), representing the travel conditions of a trip. Their relative values indicate which dimension to emphasize when investing in transport: speed or comfort. In this paper, we formulate and estimate a framework aimed at the improvement in the estimation of the VoL. By introducing a novel treatment of time assigned to domestic work, we consider that unpaid labor should be assigned a wage rate as a measure of the expenses avoided when assigning time to those chores. We use state-of-the-art data on time use and expenses as well as online data on gig workers collected in Austria, and apply the time-use and expenditure model of Jara-Diaz et al. (Transp Res Part B 42(10):946–957, 2008). The wage rates for paid and unpaid work were combined to re-formulate the budget constraint, which affected women more than men due to the higher involvement of the former in domestic activities. Compared against the original estimation, the VoL changed from €10/h for men and €6/h for women to €9/h for both genders, which in turn yields a larger average VTAT, which becomes positive for public transport. As a conclusion, the novel treatment of domestic labor contributes to closing the gap in the VoL between genders and highlights the power of unveiling the components behind the VTTS. The empirical findings imply that investments in travel time reductions rather than in comfort should be prioritized, given the very good conditions of public transport in Austria.

Working, Caring, Surviving

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Lygia Sabbag Fares ◽  
Ana Luíza Matos de Oliveira ◽  
Lílian Nogueira Rolim
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Work ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Social Distancing

Drawing from a questionnaire answered by 455 people during social distancing in Brazil, the chapter analyzes how individuals who worked remotely and those who did not cope with the increase in domestic and care work and how this extra work was divided in gender terms. The questionnaire indicates that the pandemic increased both domestic and care activities, with the former being more frequent for women and those under remote work. In general, this was not accompanied by a better division of these activities across sexes as women remained mainly responsible for them. Nevertheless, some improvements in the division of the domestic work were observed amongst those under remote work. However, when such a rebalance does not occur, remote work tends to be associated with an increase in women's overburdening.

Determinants of Income Diversification of Farm Households’ in Uttar Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-483
Author(s):  
Waseem Khan ◽  
Mohammed Jamshed ◽  
Sana Fatima ◽  
Aruna Dhamija
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Income Diversification

scholarly journals Total workload and recovery in relation to worktime reduction: a randomised controlled intervention study with time-use data

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Schiller ◽  
Mats Lekander ◽  
Kristiina Rajaleid ◽  
Carina Hellgren ◽  
Torbjörn Åkerstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
And Control ◽  
Total Workload

ObjectivesA 25% reduction of weekly work hours for full-time employees has been shown to improve sleep and alertness and reduce stress during both workdays and days off. The aim of the present study was to investigate how employees use their time during such an intervention: does total workload (paid and non-paid work) decrease, and recovery time increase, when work hours are reduced?MethodsFull-time employees within the public sector (n=636; 75% women) were randomised into intervention group and control group. The intervention group (n=370) reduced worktime to 75% with preserved salary during 18 months. Data were collected at baseline, after 9 months and 18 months. Time-use was reported every half-hour daily between 06:00 and 01:00 during 1 week at each data collection. Data were analysed with multilevel mixed modelling.ResultsCompared with the control group, the intervention group increased the time spent on domestic work and relaxing hobby activities during workdays when worktime was reduced (P≤0.001). On days off, more time was spent in free-time activities (P=0.003). Total workload decreased (−65 min) and time spent in recovery activities increased on workdays (+53 min). The pattern of findings was similar in subgroups defined by gender, family status and job situation.ConclusionsA worktime reduction of 25% for full-time workers resulted in decreased total workload and an increase of time spent in recovery activities, which is in line with the suggestion that worktime reduction may be beneficial for long-term health and stress.

scholarly journals Screening of Micro Flora found in Soil Samples Surrounding the Paper Mill in North-Western Region of Uttar Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 1633-1638
Author(s):  
Nisha Dhillon ◽  
Shalu Choudhary ◽  
Surbhi Chaudhary ◽  
Megha Singh ◽  
Sonam Arya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Western Region ◽  
North Western

Sustainable Farmers’ Participation and Agricultural Marketing System: A Case Study of Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 253-259
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Agricultural Market ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
System A ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Services

The present study evaluated the farmer’s participation in the agricultural market in terms of infrastructure, services and other amenities with the help of field survey in four mandis of Uttar Pradesh in 2017. The results revealed that participation of small and marginal farmers in general and households’ belonging to the bottom of social class, in particular, was low. The basic infrastructure in the mandis, as well as information services especially awareness in general, is poor, except in better graded mandis. The improvement in the above mentioned services were needed so that it could attract farmers from all sections irrespective of their social class and landholding size. This would help marginalized farmers to improve their income on a sustainable basis.

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