Exclusion of Women Beneath Patriarchal Enclaves in Participatory Irrigation Management in South India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097152152110304
Author(s):  
K. Gulam Dasthagir
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
South India ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Participatory Irrigation Management ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of the policy initiative for Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) on women’s membership and leadership in Water User Associations of Sathanur, Tamil Nadu. Evidence from this major irrigation system reveals male dominance in irrigation management not only due to denial of opportunity and entitlement to women but also gender bigotry in agrarian relations and deprival of women’s access to land. Thus in practice the neoliberal paradigm of institutional reforms in irrigation despite its manifest agenda of gender mainstreaming latently fortifies patriarchal enclave forfeiting inclusion, participation and representation of women in PIM.

Performance evaluation of participatory irrigation management as an alternative to a state‐managed irrigation system †

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabir Hussain ◽  
Mudasser Muneer Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Participatory Irrigation Management

scholarly journals Hybrid Bermudagrass and Tall Fescue Turfgrass Irrigation in Central California: I. Assessment of Visual Quality, Soil Moisture and Performance of an ET-Based Smart Controller

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Amir Haghverdi ◽  
Maggie Reiter ◽  
Anish Sapkota ◽  
Amninder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Precipitation Rate ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Central California ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Impact

Research-based information regarding the accuracy and reliability of smart irrigation controllers for autonomous landscape irrigation water conservation is limited in central California. A two-year irrigation research trial (2018–2019) was conducted in Parlier, California, to study the response of hybrid bermudagrass and tall fescue to varying irrigation scenarios (irrigation levels and irrigation frequency) autonomously applied using a Weathermatic ET-based smart controller. The response of turfgrass species to the irrigation treatments was visually assessed and rated. In addition, turfgrass water response functions (TWRFs) were developed to estimate the impact of irrigation scenarios on the turfgrass species based on long-term mean reference evapotranspiration (ETo) data. The Weathermatic controller overestimated ETo between 5and 7% in 2018 and between 5 and 8% in 2019 compared with California Irrigation Management Information System values. The controller closely followed programmed watering-days restrictions across treatments in 2018 and 2019 and adjusted the watering-days based on ETo demand when no restriction was applied. The low half distribution uniformity and precipitation rate of the irrigation system were 0.78 and 28 mm h−1, respectively. The catch-cans method substantially underestimated the precipitation rate of the irrigation system and caused over-irrigation by the smart controller. No water-saving and turfgrass quality improvement was observed owing to restricting irrigation frequency (watering days). For the hybrid bermudagrass, the visual rating (VR) for 101% ETo treatment stayed above the minimum acceptable value of six during the trial. For tall fescue, the 108% ETo level with 3 d wk−1 frequency kept the VR values in the acceptable range in 2018 except for a short period in mid-trial. The TWRF provided a good fit to experimental data with r values of 0.79 and 0.75 for tall fescue and hybrid bermudagrass, respectively. The estimated VR values by TWRF suggested 70–80% ETo as the minimum irrigation application to maintain the acceptable hybrid bermudagrass quality in central California during the high water demand months (i.e., May to August) based on long-term mean ETo data. The TWRF estimations suggest that 100% ETo would be sufficient to maintain the tall fescue quality for only 55 days. This might be an overestimation impacted by the relatively small tall fescue VR data in 2019 owing to minimal fertilizer applications and should be further investigated in the future.

PERAN GANDA SUBAK UNTUK PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN DI PROVINSI BALI (The Double Roles of Subak For Sustainable Agriculture in Bali Province)

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
I Wayan Budiasa
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Management Transfer ◽  
Economic Dynamic ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Participatory Irrigation Management ◽  
The Republic

Agriculture and subak in Bali are interrelated, indicated by subak’s characteristics, i.e. socio-agriculture, religious, economic, dynamic, and autonomous.  But, any global issues and internal problems can become challenges for subak existence and sustainability of agriculture in Bali. Based on the subak characteristics as well as the Instruction of The President of The Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 1999 concerning The Policy of Irrigation Management Transfer that in the Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2004 called as Participatory Irrigation Management, the subak is very potential to play the double roles, i.e. to manage an irrigation system and to manage a legal business units in the farm level. To have the roles, the restructuring subak is needed for revitalize legal agribusiness in the subak structure. Capacity buildings at management level through some extensions and trainings are useful for agribusiness development in subak. The successful of the double roles of subak are useful to support the sustainability of agriculture in Bali. Key words: subak, double roles, sustainable agriculture

scholarly journals Determinants in the Adoption of Alternate Wetting and Drying Technique for Rice Production in a Gravity Surface Irrigation System in the Philippines

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Kristine Samoy-Pascual ◽  
Sudhir Yadav ◽  
Gio Evangelista ◽  
Mary Ann Burac ◽  
Marvelin Rafael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gravity Surface

Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) is a well-known low-cost water-saving and climate change adaptation and mitigation technique for irrigated rice. However, its adoption rate has been low despite the decade of dissemination in Asia, especially in the Philippines. Using cross-sectional farm-level survey data, this study empirically explored factors shaping AWD adoption in a gravity surface irrigation system. We used regression-based approaches to examine the factors influencing farmers’ adoption of AWD and its impact on yield. Results showed that the majority of the AWD adopters were farmers who practiced enforced rotational irrigation (RI) scheduling within their irrigators’ association (IA). With the current irrigation management system, the probability of AWD implementation increases when farmers do not interfere with the irrigation schedule (otherwise they opt to go with flooding). Interestingly, the awareness factor did not play a significant role in the farmers’ adoption due to the RI setup. However, the perception of water management as an effective weed control method was positively significant, suggesting that farmers are likely to adopt AWD if weeds are not a major issue in their field. Furthermore, the impact on grain yields did not differ with AWD. Thus, given the RI scheduling already in place within the IA, we recommend fine-tuning this setup following the recommended safe AWD at the IA scale.

scholarly journals Participatory Irrigation Management and its Financial Viability: A Case Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (4II) ◽  
pp. 629-640
Author(s):  
Waqar A. Jehangir ◽  
M. Mudasser ◽  
Zakir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Participatory Irrigation Management ◽  
Deferred Maintenance ◽  
The Government

Water is a key input of agriculture. In the past, the area under cultivation was small and there was less stress on farmers to grow more and more of each crop. Water was considered a free good. The situation has changed since. The increase in cropping intensity has led to a rise in the demand for irrigation water. Water is not a free good any more. The provision of irrigation water to the farmer’s fields is going to be costlier. The Government of Pakistan is spending heavily on the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system yet shortage of funds is a major reason for deferred maintenance, which threatens the operational integrity of the irrigation system [World Bank (1988) and Haq (1995)]. The shortfall in O&M funding was estimated to be more than 24 percent in 1993 [World Bank (1994)]. As poor O&M has direct effect on the productivity of agriculture, indirectly it affects the whole economy [Carruthers (1981)]. The allocation of funds for the increasing O&M costs is becoming a problem for the Government of Pakistan with every successive year. One logical answer to this problem is to increase abiana1 fees from the users of irrigation water supplies. The revenue collected through abiana may be used for O&M purposes, but it has been reported that the revenue collection is far less than the expenditures incurred. Resultantly the gap has been increasing every year [Chaudhry (1989)].

Assessment of the performance of participatory irrigation management in Antalya, Turkey

Water Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betul Sayin ◽  
Suleyman Karaman ◽  
Ibrahim Yilmaz ◽  
M. Ali Celikyurt
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Participatory Irrigation Management ◽  
System Use ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Water Fee ◽  
Turkish Lira

This study examined 29 irrigation organizations in the province of Antalya, Turkey. Sufficiency, efficiency, sustainability and producer satisfaction were used as criteria for the productivity of irrigation networks. Differences in the irrigation organizations were compared and analyzed using a number of performance indicators. It was found that the irrigation associations had an irrigation ratio of 50.4%, that the amount of water distributed in the irrigation facilities was 2.6 times more than the total amount required by the plants themselves, a production value per unit irrigated area of Turkish Lira (TL) 18,382.9 ha−1, a production value per diverted unit of irrigation water of TL1.3 m−3, an irrigation area sustainability ratio of 65%, a financial self-sufficiency ratio of 82.2%, an irrigated area per worker of 189 ha person−1, and a water fee collection ratio of 62.7%. The measurement of water taken into and distributed from a network, the establishment of a monitoring and assessment system to that end, and regular assessment of the water and the performance of the irrigation system are necessary for the efficient use of water resources. In addition, emphasis should be given to tubular irrigation systems, and therefore both water saving and modern irrigation system use should be encouraged.

Participatory irrigation water management in the Jordan Valley

Water Policy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Salman ◽  
Emad Al-Karablieh ◽  
Hans-Jochen Regner ◽  
Heinz-Peter Wolff ◽  
Munther Haddadin
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Participatory Irrigation Management ◽  
The Government

This paper reviews Jordan's relatively short experience gained since participatory irrigation management (PIM), was introduced with due consideration of the traditional social and cultural merits. The introduction of PIM was a meaningful partial shift in the paradigm of operation of the Jordan Valley irrigation system that has been undertaken by government agencies since its staged implementation between 1960 and 1988. The Jordan Valley Authority (JVA) of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation, among other responsibilities, is the current government agency in charge of operation and maintenance of the irrigation system. The advantages of the introduced mode of operation, the PIM, especially in an environment of perpetual irrigation water shortage, are presented. The paper further discusses the multi-dimensional facets of PIM expressed by the representation of users’ community and by the level of representation as well as the interaction between the targeted groups and the government and highlights the virtues of “learning while implementing” in which midcourse corrections can be made in order to arrive at a state of equilibrium between the various stakeholders. The adoption of traditional cooperation as a basis for setting up water users associations (WUAs), is presented. The emergence of PIM as a competitor to management contracts adopted in municipal water and wastewater management in Jordan is touched upon and the dynamics of PIM application in the Jordan Valley, including the division of labor between the WUAs and JVA, is described.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF PERSONALITY TRAITS ON GLASS CEILING BELIEFS AMONG WOMEN ADVOCATES' CAREER DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-155
Author(s):  
P. Nisha ◽  
A. Vasumathi
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Women Employees ◽  
Career Growth ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Over the last two decades, India has positively responded to its call, however, as an emerging economy by creating many new kinds of "global" legal work environments that offer and attract gender-neutral benefits for its associates. Yet, there are issues to be addressed to enable a hassle-free development system for the women Advocates. Although there are a large number of women advocates increasing in recent years, in the highest levels of their career they are still in the exception. Methodology: The primary data were collected from 140 women Advocates, Chennai District, Tamil Nadu, India. The data were analyzed by using statistical tools such as Chi-square, Correlation, ANOVA, Percentage analysis. Main Findings: It was observed from the study that women encounter issues in all identified fields, which affects job satisfaction and the growth of women's profession as lawyers. Thus, it is vital to take measures to enhance the participation level of women lawyers by minimizing the glass ceiling issues. The study mainly focuses on the impact of personality traits on glass ceiling beliefs primarily among Women Advocates in achieving career development. The study reveals the positive impact of personality traits on career growth. It also finds that career growth was significantly affected by socioeconomic factors. Applications of this study: This study would be useful to the women advocates, who are facing glass ceiling barriers that affect their career development. This study would also be helpful to other women employees who are working in various industrial sectors. Novelty/Originality of this study: Male dominance in the workplace is still strong, and the glass ceiling effect or the barriers stopping the female employees from getting-go top-level positions, which occurs both in developed and developing countries. Many studies indicate the glass ceiling factors on women employees' career development. This article mainly focuses on how women advocates achieve their career success by overcoming the glass ceiling barriers and beliefs. Thus, the study is unique as it plays a crucial role in finding how the impact of personality traits on women advocates glass ceiling beliefs affect their career development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document