Necessity or Opportunity Driven: Gender Differentials and Structural Changes of Proprietorship in the Indian Unorganized Enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215091989509
Author(s):  
Shruti Shuvam ◽  
Pratap C. Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
National Sample Survey ◽  
Gender Differentials ◽  
Informal Entrepreneurship ◽  
Opportunity Entrepreneurs ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
And Gender

Using the latest representative datasets of National Sample Survey, this article investigates the structural changes and gender differentials in proprietorship in the Indian unorganized enterprises. This article also identifies the relevant determinants of female proprietorship in the unorganized enterprises. This study distinguishes between two types of female entrepreneurs: necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs, based on their motivation behind operating an enterprise. This study also explores the potential factors responsible for this division. The findings show that there is only 2 per cent rise in the share of female proprietors in over a 5-year period (2010–2011 to 2015–2016) and female proprietors are increasingly concentrated in necessity-driven informal entrepreneurship.

Women Entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Prachita A. Patil ◽  
Yogesh M. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Sample ◽  
The State ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
National Sample Survey ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
National Sample Survey Organization ◽  
State Of Mind

According to the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), not more than 14% of business establishments are run by female entrepreneurs in India, especially in rural areas. Entrepreneurship is not an easy step for women. It was traditionally considered as a man's bastion, but now with the due course of time, women are coming in the limelight to fulfil their aspiration as it is a fruitful opportunity where educated or illiterates can do wonders to achieve their dreams. Entrepreneurship is the state of mind which every woman has in her but has not been capitalized in India in a way it should have been. With the drastic change in modernization, people are more comfortable to accept the leading role of women in society, with some exceptions.

Women Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-56
Author(s):  
Prachita A. Patil ◽  
Yogesh M. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Sample ◽  
The State ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
National Sample Survey ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
National Sample Survey Organization ◽  
State Of Mind

According to the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), not more than 14% of business establishments are run by female entrepreneurs in India, especially in rural areas. Entrepreneurship is not an easy step for women. It was traditionally considered as a man's bastion, but now with the due course of time, women are coming in the limelight to fulfil their aspiration as it is a fruitful opportunity where educated or illiterates can do wonders to achieve their dreams. Entrepreneurship is the state of mind which every woman has in her but has not been capitalized in India in a way it should have been. With the drastic change in modernization, people are more comfortable to accept the leading role of women in society, with some exceptions.

Level and Gender Differentials in Inter-state Out-Migration in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-34
Author(s):  
Imtiyaz Ali ◽  
Abdul Jaleel CP ◽  
RB Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Gender Differentials ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Inter State

By using unit level data on migration from nationally representative National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) for two points of time (1993 and 2007-08), this paper looks at the change in the level of employment related inter-state out migration in India. This paper brings out: the change occurred in the rate of inter-state out-migration between 1993 and 2007-08, the proportion of economically engaged women within the category of women who migrated due to marriage out of their state, the volume of employment related inter-state out migration of women, and finally, the propensity of Indian people for employment related inter-state out migration by their social, economic and geographical attributes. This paper finds a two times increase in inter-state out-migration in India during last one and a half decades. The increase is found even higher in many states/union territories and when we confine the analysis only to the working-age population. The gender gap has been glaring. Compared to 35 males per 1000 working age male population out-migrating across the border of their state of domicile for employment there is only 10 per 1000 working age females.  Further female migration in India is predominantly occurs within the state. Out of the total women inter-state out-migrants, 4 percent reported to have migrated exclusively for employment, while more than 80 per cent reported marriage as a reason of migration. In India, economic activity of women is under reported. Keeping this in view, we have tried to adjust the reason of migration for women. This study shows that the adjusted employment related reason of migration for inter-state women rises to 18 per cent at the all India level. The logistic regression analysis further shows that these women who reported marriage a reason of migration but actually part of the workforce belong to lower socio-economic households.

scholarly journals National sample survey organization survey report: An estimation of prevalence of mental illness and its association with age in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 051-054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Lakhan ◽  
Olúgbémiga T. Ekúndayò
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Large Population ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
National Sample Survey ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
National Sample Survey Organization

ABSTRACT Background: The Indian population suffers with significant burden of mental illness. The prevalence rate and its association with age and other demographic indicators are needed for planning purpose. Objective: This study attempted to calculate age-wise prevalence of mental illness for rural and urban settings, and its association with age. Materials and Methods: Data published in National Sample Survey Organization (2002) report on disability is used for the analysis. Spearman correlation for strength of association, z-test for difference in prevalence, and regression statistics for predicting the prevalence rate of mental illness are used. Result: Overall population have 14.9/1000 prevalence of mental illness. It is higher in rural setting 17.1/1000 than urban 12.7/1000 (P < 0.001). There is a strong correlation found with age in rural (ϱ = 0.910, P = 0.001) and urban (ϱ = 0.940, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Results of this study confirm other epidemiological research in India. Large-population epidemiological studies are recommended.

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