scholarly journals ‘Dual’ labour market? Patterns of segmentation in European labour markets and the varieties of precariousness

2021 ◽  
pp. 102425892110610
Author(s):  
Hyojin Seo
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Dead End ◽  
European Working ◽  
Different Types ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Job Prospects

This article aims to empirically explore how European labour markets are segmented and who the outsiders are. The article moves beyond the dichotomous approach to understanding labour market division, often based solely on examining employment relationships. Taking a multi-dimensional approach to defining labour market precariousness, this study incorporates aspects such as income, job prospects and subjective insecurity. Latent Class Analysis is used on data taken from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey to extend the traditional definition of outsider-ness. Four labour market segments are found: insiders and three different types of outsiders: typical outsiders, dead-end insiders and subjective outsiders. Looking at the cross-national aspect, variations are found in the segmentation patterns, especially in terms of who the outsiders are. The findings show the need to examine various aspects of labour precariousness in order to capture the complexity of post-industrialised labour markets and identify different types of outsiders across Europe that need to be protected for building a more cohesive society.

The effect of immigration on natives’ task specialisation: the case of Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Sebastian ◽  
Magdalena Ulceluse
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
European Working ◽  
Task Reallocation ◽  
Manual Tasks

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of an increase in the relative supply of immigrants on natives’ task reallocation, with a focus on Germany. Specifically, it investigates whether natives, as a response to increased immigration, re-specialise in communication-intensive occupations, where they arguably have a comparative advantage due to language proficiency. Design/methodology/approach The analysis uses regional data from the German Labour Force Survey between 2002 and 2014. To derive data on job tasks requirements, it employs the US Department of Labor’s O*NET database, the results of which are tested through a sensitivity analysis using the European Working Condition Survey and the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies data sets. Findings The paper finds that indeed German workers respond to increasing immigration by shifting their task supply and providing more communication relative to manual tasks. Importantly, the decrease in the supply of communication tasks is stronger and more robust than the increase in the supply of manual tasks, pointing to a potential displacement effect taking place between natives and immigrants, alongside task reallocation. This would suggest that countries with relatively more rigid labour markets are less responsive to immigration shocks. Moreover, it suggests that labour market rigidity can minimise the gains from immigration and exacerbate employment effects. Originality/value The paper not only investigates task reallocation as a result of immigration in a different institutional context and labour market functioning, but the results feed into broader policy and scholarly discussions on the effects of immigration, including questions about how the institutional context affects labour market adjustment to immigration, worker occupational mobility in a more rigid labour markets and the fine balance needed between flexibility and rigidity.

Enhancing gender equality through transitional labour markets

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Training Child ◽  
Paid And Unpaid Work

This article develops the concept of ‘transitional labour markets': legitimised and collectively insured sets of mobility options between paid and unpaid work. Such mobility options could constitute a basis for both a new gender contract and a new concept of full-employment, the latter being based on the flexible target of 30 hours a week, from which employees would constantly deviate over their life course to allow for periods of training, child-care, higher-income phases etc. Of five different types of transitional labour market, this article focuses on the transition between paid and unpaid work and between work and retirement. Greater flexibility in the mobility between various labour market statuses, it is argued, would make a major contribution to overcoming gender inequality.

scholarly journals The social configuration of labour market divides: An analysis of Germany, Belgium and Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Nadja Doerflinger ◽  
Valeria Pulignano ◽  
Martin Lukac
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Labour Market Segmentation ◽  
Micro Foundations ◽  
Conditions Of Employment

We analyse insecurity-based dividing lines and their social configurations in the German, Belgian and Italian labour markets in 2015, using latent class analysis applied to EU Labour Force Survey data. In contrast to the dual vision of ‘insider-outsider’ approaches, our findings illustrate the existence of five distinctive labour market groups or segments across countries with similar social configurations. We explain this through the social embeddedness of national regulatory systems which generate different degrees of inclusiveness for different groups of workers. This adds to ongoing debates on connecting micro- and macro-levels of analysis, as labour market segmentation as a macro-phenomenon is studied based on its micro-foundations (terms and conditions of employment relationships). We use the interlinkages between national regulatory systems and social categories to explain the findings.

Power resource theory revisited: The perils and promises for understanding contemporary labour politics

2021 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2110533
Author(s):  
Bjarke Refslund ◽  
Jens Arnholtz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Resource Theory ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
Power Resource ◽  
Original Theory ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Common Criticism ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Power Resource Theory

While their power is declining, unions and workers remain prominent actors in society. Therefore, there is a need to bring power resource theory back to the analytical forefront in the study of contemporary labour politics and labour market sociology. It provides the analytical perspectives necessary for a comprehensive and historical understanding of labour markets and labour politics. However, this article argues that the original theory developed by Korpi needs to be reassessed and further developed. Revisiting the original theory and reviewing common criticism, the authors argue that power resource theory should pay closer attention to how different types of power resources are mobilised and used and how actors’ interests are shaped during that process. The article seeks to address these issues and thus move power resource theory forward and pave the way for future theorisation.

Labour Exchanges and the Labour Reserve in Turn of the Century Social Reform

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
The Social

ABSTRACTThis article attempts to describe a major debate in turn of the century social reform through a close reading of the published works of Charles Booth, J.A. Hobson, William Beveridge, A.C. Pigou and others. My aim is to reconstruct the emergence and elaboration of a theory of labour market disorganisation, understood as the absence of effective norms governing employment relationships in urban labour markets subject to chronic over-supply. In so doing I shall take issue with a tendency in the historiography of social policy to fragment this debate into the development of two distinct conceptual frameworks corresponding to the social problems of poverty and unemployment more or less as we know them today.

scholarly journals Consumer Preferences for Superfood Ingredients—the Case of Bread in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Meyerding ◽  
Annemone Kürzdörfer ◽  
Birgit Gassler
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Class Segmentation ◽  
Functional Purpose

Although there is no legal definition of the word ‘superfood’, in recent years exotic foods and ingredients have become popular in German food retailers. The aim of the study was to determine consumer preferences for superfood ingredients in different types of bread; to accomplish this, a choice experiment was set up with a representative sample of 503 German consumers. Respondents had to choose between products with varying attributes such as type of bread, superfood ingredient, nutritional information, production method, durability, and price. The results indicate that consumers value bread that serves a functional purpose through superfood ingredients such as linseed or chia. Using latent class segmentation, the respondents were divided into four segments, of which three groups valued bread with superfood ingredients. All in all, the type of bread is the most important factor when choosing a bread. Further market research could take into account different types of superfoods (processed/unprocessed), as well as regional deviations in Germany and the EU member states to analyze differences regarding the market potential of staple foods such as bread that serve a functional purpose through superfood ingredients.

Employment Quality as a Health Determinant: Empirical Evidence for the Waged and Self-Employed

2020 ◽  
pp. 073088842094643
Author(s):  
Jessie Gevaert ◽  
Karen Van Aerden ◽  
Deborah De Moortel ◽  
Christophe Vanroelen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Determinant ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
European Working ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey ◽  
Employment Quality ◽  
Mental Well Being

In this study, the authors investigate the health associations of different employment arrangements in the contemporary European labor market. In doing so, a new approach based on the concept of “employment quality” is introduced. Employment quality refers to the multiple dimensions characterizing the employment situation of wage- and self-employed (European Working Conditions Survey 2015 – N = 31,929). Latent class cluster analyses were applied to construct an overarching typology of employment quality for the waged and self-employed. Using logistic regression analyses, strong associations were found with mental well-being and self-reported general health, pointing at a disadvantaged situation for the most precarious employment arrangements. The study shows that employment quality should be taken seriously as a health determinant both among waged workers and the self-employed. Our (novel) holistic approach offers an alternative to current analyses of the health associates of labor market segmentation that were criticized for being overly simplistic and amounting to inconclusive findings.

Who takes care of non-standard career paths? The role of labour market intermediaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadège Lorquet ◽  
Jean-François Orianne ◽  
François Pichault
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Job Transitions ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Market Intermediaries

As flexible career paths become more common in European labour markets, how to combine the flexibility required by non-standard work with new patterns of security is the focus of political debate. Some European Union (EU) countries have launched radical labour market reforms, while in others such reforms remain limited. This paves the way for bottom-up solutions developed by private and non-profit labour market intermediaries in order to support the job transitions of non-standard workers. We map these initiatives through a multidimensional grid and explore the extent to which they contribute to renewed regulation of modern labour markets. We outline two ideal-typical approaches. The first extends internal labour markets to triangular employment relationships by considering workers as ‘quasi-employees’. The second involves more disruptive solutions by treating non-standard workers as ‘quasi-self-employed’.

scholarly journals The effects of education on patterns of youth integration into the labour market in Portugal

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Parente ◽  
Madalena Ramos ◽  
Vanessa Marcos ◽  
Sofia Alexandra Cruz ◽  
Hernâni Veloso Neto
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Secondary Information

Throughout the development of capitalist societies, there has been a steady increase in the importance attributed to education/training in the process of employability: it has asserted itself as a key variable in the functioning of the labour markets. In the light of an analysis of the data in the 2007 Personnel Charts, the aim of this article is to understand to what extent educational levels still represent a variable that explains the different types of employment relationships among young people between 15 and 24 years of age. The relevant and innovative aspects of this study are, firstly, a multiple correspondence analysis of the unpublished secondary information and, secondly, the findings that new patterns of integration into the labour market have emerged, with distinctive characteristics, though they do not call into question the positive association between educational certificates and the employment relationship.

scholarly journals Unemployment, Employment, and Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 297-320
Author(s):  
Rolph van der Hoeven
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Definition Of

How have economic development, employment, and labour markets in Asian countries interacted since the publication of Myrdal’s Asian Drama? Myrdal rejected, correctly, the Western approach to, and definition of, employment, but very much underestimated the effects of the Lewisian development process. Myrdal’s concept of cumulative causation better explains how fast-growing countries with better labour markets have developed, by pursuing a developmental state and applying interventionist policies in agriculture, industry, and macroeconomics, as well as in social policies and in strengthening the participation of women in the labour market. Successful countries are also characterized by initial low-income inequality and targeted redistribution of factors of production. However, growing income inequality together with other development challenges can pose problems in the future.

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