scholarly journals The effects of education on patterns of youth integration into the labour market in Portugal

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Parente ◽  
Madalena Ramos ◽  
Vanessa Marcos ◽  
Sofia Alexandra Cruz ◽  
Hernâni Veloso Neto
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Secondary Information

Throughout the development of capitalist societies, there has been a steady increase in the importance attributed to education/training in the process of employability: it has asserted itself as a key variable in the functioning of the labour markets. In the light of an analysis of the data in the 2007 Personnel Charts, the aim of this article is to understand to what extent educational levels still represent a variable that explains the different types of employment relationships among young people between 15 and 24 years of age. The relevant and innovative aspects of this study are, firstly, a multiple correspondence analysis of the unpublished secondary information and, secondly, the findings that new patterns of integration into the labour market have emerged, with distinctive characteristics, though they do not call into question the positive association between educational certificates and the employment relationship.

scholarly journals Sacked! An investigation of young workers' dismissal

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlea Kellner ◽  
Paula McDonald ◽  
Jennifer Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Advocacy Organisation

AbstractLimited academic attention has been afforded to young workers relative to their adult counterparts. This study addresses a phase of the employment relationship for young people that is very infrequently examined – during or around the time when the relationship ends. It examines the relative frequency of different forms of dismissal and the circumstances preceding the dismissals via a content analysis of 1259 cases of employee enquiries to a community advocacy organisation in Australia. Results indicate that dismissal was most commonly associated with bullying, harassment, and taking personal leave. Young men, compared to young women, were disproportionately likely to report allegations of misconduct as preceding dismissal, while females experienced higher rates of sexual harassment and discrimination. The research highlights the types and circumstances of dismissal across a range of employment contexts and reveals the complexities of youth employment relationships which may differ from those of the general workforce.

Student Lives in Crisis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Antonucci
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Student Debt ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Family State

With rising levels of student debt and precarity, young people’s lives in university are not always smooth. Lorenza Antonucci has travelled across England, Italy and Sweden to understand how inequality is reproduced through university. This book provides a compelling narrative of what it means to be in university in Europe in the 21st century, not only in terms of education, but also in terms of finances, housing and well-being. Furthermore, this book shows how inequality is reproduced during university by how young people from different social classes combine family, state and labour market sources. The book identifies different profiles of young people’s experiences in university, from ‘Struggling and hopeless’ to ‘Having a great time’. Furthermore, the book discusses how the ‘welfare mixes’ present in the three countries determine different types of semi-dependence, and reinforce inequalities. The book identifies a general trend of privatisation of student support in higher education, which pushes young people to participate in the labour market and over-rely on family resources in order to sustain their participation in university. Not only does this protract young people’s semi-dependence, but it also increases inequality among different groups of young people. In addition to the current policy focus on access to higher education, and transitions to the labour market, the book calls for a greater attention on the policies that can change young people’s lives while in university.

scholarly journals ‘Dual’ labour market? Patterns of segmentation in European labour markets and the varieties of precariousness

2021 ◽  
pp. 102425892110610
Author(s):  
Hyojin Seo
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Dead End ◽  
European Working ◽  
Different Types ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Job Prospects

This article aims to empirically explore how European labour markets are segmented and who the outsiders are. The article moves beyond the dichotomous approach to understanding labour market division, often based solely on examining employment relationships. Taking a multi-dimensional approach to defining labour market precariousness, this study incorporates aspects such as income, job prospects and subjective insecurity. Latent Class Analysis is used on data taken from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey to extend the traditional definition of outsider-ness. Four labour market segments are found: insiders and three different types of outsiders: typical outsiders, dead-end insiders and subjective outsiders. Looking at the cross-national aspect, variations are found in the segmentation patterns, especially in terms of who the outsiders are. The findings show the need to examine various aspects of labour precariousness in order to capture the complexity of post-industrialised labour markets and identify different types of outsiders across Europe that need to be protected for building a more cohesive society.

scholarly journals Sacked! An investigation of young workers' dismissal

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlea Kellner ◽  
Paula McDonald ◽  
Jennifer Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Advocacy Organisation

AbstractLimited academic attention has been afforded to young workers relative to their adult counterparts. This study addresses a phase of the employment relationship for young people that is very infrequently examined – during or around the time when the relationship ends. It examines the relative frequency of different forms of dismissal and the circumstances preceding the dismissals via a content analysis of 1259 cases of employee enquiries to a community advocacy organisation in Australia. Results indicate that dismissal was most commonly associated with bullying, harassment, and taking personal leave. Young men, compared to young women, were disproportionately likely to report allegations of misconduct as preceding dismissal, while females experienced higher rates of sexual harassment and discrimination. The research highlights the types and circumstances of dismissal across a range of employment contexts and reveals the complexities of youth employment relationships which may differ from those of the general workforce.

scholarly journals Employment Models of Platform Companies in Norway: A Distinctive Approach?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Jesnes
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Market Models ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Standard Employment Relationship

The past decade has seen an increase in ‘platform companies’ functioning as the intermediary between workers and customers.The way these companies structure the labour process has significant implications for working conditions. In this article, we ask: In what ways does platform work in Norway differ from standard employment relationships? And do different employment strategies of platform companies put workers in precarious situations? The article builds on qualitative interviews with CEOs of platform companies in Norway, and aims to contribute to the literature by formulating a typology of the employment models of platform companies emerging in the Nordic countries. The platforms’ employment models are compared to the standard employment relationship and precariousness. Finally, the article suggests that institutions matter for why some platform companies adopt elements of the standard employment relationships as they appear in the Nordic labour market models, and discusses the implications of this.

THE TROUBLED JOURNEYS OF SCHOOL DROP-OUTS: WASTAGE, REDEMPTION AND POLICY CONSIDERATIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Andile Dube ◽  
Mokubung Nkomo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Second Chance Education ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Drop Outs ◽  
Second Chance

The study traces the pathways of young people who dropped out of school between grades 1 to 11 as they seek re-entrance to the education, training and development (ETD) system, or entrance into the labour market. Particular attention is given to the factors that determine the choices that drop-outs make in either re-entering the ETD system or entering the labour market. An analysis of the experiences of the interviewed sample of drop-outs is presented. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, using interviews to elicit the experiences of drop-outs and school managers. Through snowballing, 14 youths and three principals were selected from a township south of Durban. Individual and focus group interviews were conducted. The findings provide insights into the drop-outs’ perceptions regarding the value of investing in education. They are discussed further in relation to the respective theories used in the study. The concluding section suggests the need for investments in second chance education by government and the private sector, and proposes an integrated model to assist young people who re-enter psychologically and emotionally.

The Fight against Idleness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Heath ◽  
Elisabeth Garratt ◽  
Ridhi Kashyap ◽  
Yaojun Li ◽  
Lindsay Richards
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Educational Expansion ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Wide Range

Unemployment has a wide range of adverse consequences over and above the effects of the low income which people out of work receive. In the first decades after the war Britain tended to have a lower unemployment rate than most peer countries but this changed in the 1980s and 1990s, when Britain’s unemployment rate surged during the two recessions—possibly as a result of policies designed to tackle inflation. The young, those with less education, and ethnic minorities have higher risks of unemployment and these risks are cumulative. The evidence suggests that the problems facing young men with only low qualifications became relatively worse in the 1990s and 2000s. This perhaps reflects the dark side of educational expansion, young people with low qualifications being left behind and exposed in the labour market.

scholarly journals The Australian labour market in 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 002218562110022
Author(s):  
Elisa Birch ◽  
Alison Preston
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Older People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
The Future

This article provides a review of the Australian labour market in 2020. It outlines the monetary and fiscal responses to COVID-19 (including JobKeeper, JobSeeker and JobMaker policies), describes trends in employment, unemployment and underemployment and summarises the Fair Work Commission’s 2020 minimum wage decision. Data show that in the year to September 2020, total monthly hours worked fell by 5.9% for males and 3.8% for females. Job loss was proportionately larger amongst young people (aged 20–29) and older people. It was also disproportionately higher in female-dominated sectors such as Accommodation and Food Services. Unlike the earlier recession (1991), when more than 90% of jobs lost were previously held by males, a significant share (around 40%) of the job loss in the 2020 recession (year to August 2020) were jobs previously held by females. Notwithstanding a pick-up in employment towards year’s end, the future remains uncertain.

Dealing with ‘vulnerable workers’ in precarious employment: Front-line constraints and strategies in employment standards enforcement

2020 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2090914
Author(s):  
Alan Hall ◽  
Rebecca Hall ◽  
Nicole Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
The Core ◽  
Worker Characteristics ◽  
Employment Standards ◽  
Vulnerable Workers

Individual worker complaints continue to be the core foundation of employment standards enforcement in many Western jurisdictions, including the Canadian province of Ontario. In the contemporary labour market context where segments of the labour force may be disproportionately impacted by rights violations, and employment relationships are more diverse and often more tenuous than previously, the continued reliance on individual claims suggests a need to better understand the challenges associated with the investigation and resolution of claims involving ‘vulnerable workers’ in precarious employment situations. Using interviews with front-line Ontario employment standards officers (ESOs), this article examines the extent to which certain worker characteristics and employment situations perceived by officers as ‘vulnerable’ are identified by officers as significant constraints or barriers to investigation processes and outcomes, and documents whether and how officers address these constraints and barriers. The analysis also identifies the perceived influence of policy, resource and legislative requirements in shaping how officers deal with the more difficult and challenging cases, while also considering the extent to which the officers’ actions are understood by them as discretionary and guided by their particular orientations or concerns. In so doing, this article reveals challenges to the resolution of claims in precarious employment situations, the very place where employment standards are often most needed.

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