Neuroticism and emotion regulation through music listening: A meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Miranda ◽  
Camille Blais-Rochette
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Summary Effect ◽  
K 13 ◽  
Musical Emotion

Recent research has found that neuroticism (i.e., trait emotional instability) may dispose people to use music listening as a strategy to regulate their emotions. To estimate the magnitude of this relationship, we performed a meta-analysis (random effects model) of the extant 13 correlational studies ( k = 13) for a total of 2641 participants. Results indicated a significant small-to-medium summary effect ( r =.22, 95% CI [0.17, 0.27]) for the positive correlation between neuroticism and emotion regulation through music listening. Furthermore, there was no evidence of significant heterogeneity in effect sizes across studies. Overall, we conclude that the putative effect of neuroticism on musical emotion regulation is relatively moderate. Findings may suggest that people higher in neuroticism are more prone to use music listening as an accessible resource to regulate their negative emotions or manage whatever affects their mood in everyday life.

Effectiveness of psychological interventions to improve emotion regulation in youth - a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Moltrecht ◽  
Jessica Deighton ◽  
Praveetha Patalay ◽  
Julian Childs
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
What Works ◽  
Large Heterogeneity ◽  
Larger Sample

Background: Research investigating the role of emotion regulation (ER) in the development and treatment of psychopathology has increased in recent years. Evidence suggests that an increased focus on ER in treatment can improve existing interventions. Most ER research has neglected young people, therefore the present meta-analysis summarizes the evidence for existing psychosocial intervention and their effectiveness to improve ER in youth. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-one randomized-control-trials (RCTs) assessed changes in ER following a psychological intervention in youth exhibiting various psychopathological symptoms.Results: We found moderate effect sizes for current interventions to decrease emotion dysregulation in youth (g=-.46) and small effect sizes to improve emotion regulation (g=0.36). Significant differences between studies including intervention components, ER measures and populations studied resulted in large heterogeneity. Conclusion: This is the first meta-analysis that summarizes the effectiveness for existing interventions to improve ER in youth. The results suggest that interventions can enhance ER in youth, and that these improvements correlate with improvements in psychopathology. More RCTs including larger sample sizes, different age groups and psychopathologies are needed to increase our understanding of what works for who and when.

Abstract P223: Larger Effect Sizes of Established BMI Genetic Variants During Adolescence, a Vulnerable Period of Weight Gain

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariaelisa Graff ◽  
Kari E North ◽  
Karen L Mohlke ◽  
Leslie A Lange ◽  
Ethan M Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Call Rate ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Vulnerable Period

In the past five years genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common genetic loci associated with body mass index (BMI) mainly in European middle-aged adult populations. The influence of these loci in adolescence, a period of risk for weight gain, and whether there are different associations across adolescent groups at highest risk (e.g., ethnic minority populations), remains largely unknown. We examined whether obesity susceptibility loci identified from previous GWAS in adults were associated with BMI in an ethnically diverse adolescent cohort. Using 8918 participants from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, or Add Health (aged 12-21 years in 1996, 52.6 % female), we assessed the association of 43 SNPs, selected based on statistical significance in previous GWAS, with BMI across four ethnic US subpopulations (5,296 European Americans, EA, 1,815 African Americans, AfA, 1,356 Hispanic Americans, HA, and 451 Asian Americans, AsA). Buccal cells from participants were extracted and genotyped using TaqMan (sample call rate: 97.5%, SNP call rate: 100%). Inverse normal transformed BMI residuals, adjusted for gender and age, were used in ethnicity-stratified models with SNPs in PLINK, assuming an additive model. An inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis was used to combine results across the 4 ethnic groups. Average BMI across all ethnic groups was 23.6±5.2 kg/m2, ranging from 22.6±5.2 kg/m2 in AsA to 24.3±5.8 kg/m2 in AfA. The effect estimates for all 43 SNPs were directionally consistent across ethnicity with previously published results. Of the 43 SNPs, 20 were associated with BMI at p<0.05 in the meta-analysis (17 in EA, 7 in AfA, 4 in HA, and 5 in AsA). Based on t-test comparisons, 16 of the 20 SNPs had larger and 2 loci had smaller effect sizes (p<0.05) in the Add Health adolescent sample than published effect sizes for BMI in adults. Only FTO (rs9939609) showed significant heterogeneity across ethnicity (p=0.01 for I2=73.5). TMEM18 (rs6548238, meta-analysis p-value p=1.32E-10), had one of the largest differences in effect size compared to middle-aged European adults (Willer et al 2009) with a per allele increase of 0.70±0.11 kg/m2 in this sample versus 0.26±0.07 kg/m2 in adults (beta[SE] difference = 0.44[0.08]; p=1.4E-08). Variants associated with BMI in adults were also associated with BMI in adolescents, with some comparatively larger effects during this vulnerable period. R01HD057194

scholarly journals A Statistical Method for Synthesizing Meta-Analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liansheng Larry Tang ◽  
Michael Caudy ◽  
Faye Taxman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Method ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Summary Effect ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Size Estimates ◽  
Similar Search

Multiple meta-analyses may use similar search criteria and focus on the same topic of interest, but they may yield different or sometimes discordant results. The lack of statistical methods for synthesizing these findings makes it challenging to properly interpret the results from multiple meta-analyses, especially when their results are conflicting. In this paper, we first introduce a method to synthesize the meta-analytic results when multiple meta-analyses use the same type of summary effect estimates. When meta-analyses use different types of effect sizes, the meta-analysis results cannot be directly combined. We propose a two-step frequentist procedure to first convert the effect size estimates to the same metric and then summarize them with a weighted mean estimate. Our proposed method offers several advantages over existing methods by Hemming et al. (2012). First, different types of summary effect sizes are considered. Second, our method provides the same overall effect size as conducting a meta-analysis on all individual studies from multiple meta-analyses. We illustrate the application of the proposed methods in two examples and discuss their implications for the field of meta-analysis.

scholarly journals A-17 Category Test performance in individuals with alcohol versus methamphetamine dependence

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-876
Author(s):  
A Walker ◽  
A Hauson ◽  
S Sarkissians ◽  
A Pollard ◽  
C Flora-Tostado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Category Test ◽  
Methamphetamine Dependence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Axis I

Abstract Objective The Category Test (CT) has consistently been found to be sensitive at detecting the effects of alcohol on the brain. However, this test has not been as widely used in examining the effects of methamphetamine. The current meta-analysis compared effect sizes of studies that have examined performance on the CT in alcohol versus methamphetamine dependent participants. Data selection Three researchers independently searched nine databases (e.g., PsycINFO, Pubmed, ProceedingsFirst), extracted required data, and calculated effect sizes. Inclusion criteria identified studies that had (a) compared alcohol or methamphetamine dependent groups to healthy controls and (b) matched groups on either age, education, or IQ (at least 2 out of 3). Studies were excluded if participants were reported to have Axis I diagnoses (other than alcohol or methamphetamine dependence) or comorbidities known to impact neuropsychological functioning. Sixteen articles were coded and analyzed for the current study. Data synthesis Alcohol studies showed a large effect size (g = 0.745, p < 0.001) while methamphetamine studies evidenced a moderate effect size (g = 0.406, p = 0.001); both without statistically significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0). Subgroup analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the effect sizes from alcohol versus methamphetamine studies (Q-between = 5.647, p = 0.017). Conclusions The CT is sensitive to the effects of both alcohol and methamphetamine and should be considered when examining dependent patients who might exhibit problem solving, concept formation, and set loss difficulties in everyday living.

scholarly journals Effects of Psychological Interventions on the Prevention of Sports Injuries: A Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596712092832
Author(s):  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Qianjin Wu ◽  
Zichao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Background: Studies have shown that preventive psychological interventions can reduce the occurrence of sports injuries. Purpose: To systematically evaluate the published literature on the effects of psychological interventions on rates of sports injuries and propose a set of psychological interventions to reduce such injuries. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials and intervention control trials involving 1287 participants were included. A random-effects model was used to analyze the data. Pooled results were expressed as effect sizes and 95% CIs. Bias and heterogeneity among the studies were assessed, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. Results: Meta-analysis suggested that preventive psychological interventions effectively prevented the occurrence of sports injuries (effect size = –0.55; P < .001), although the studies showed substantial heterogeneity ( I 2 = 94.2%; P < .001), which could not be attributed to specific variables. Nevertheless, sensitivity analysis suggested that overall results were reliable. No significant risk of publication bias was found. Conclusion: Preventive psychological interventions moderately reduced the risk of sports injuries. Risk screening also significantly reduced the risk of sports injuries. These interventions should focus on cognitive behavior and be administered in 1 to 6 sessions over 7 to 12 weeks for 60 minutes per session.

A dose-response and meta-analysis of phytosterols consumption on liver enzymes

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-600
Author(s):  
Somayeh Tajik ◽  
Kevan Jacobson ◽  
Sam Talaei ◽  
Hamed Kord-Varkaneh ◽  
Zeinab Noormohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The results of human studies evaluating the efficacy of plant Phytosterols on liver function were inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to eliminate these controversies about the Phytosterols consumption on liver serum biochemistry in adult subjects. Design/methodology/approach The literatures systematically searched throughout PubMed and Scopus databases up to June 2018; it was conducted by using related keywords. Estimates of effect sizes were expressed based on weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI from the random-effects model (erSimonian and Laird method). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed by using I2 index. Eighteen studies reported the effects of Phytosterols (PS) supplementation on liver serum biochemistry. Findings The current meta-analysis did not show a significant effect on ALT (MD: 0.165 U/L, 95% CI: −1.25, 1.58, p = 0.820), AST (MD: −0.375 IU/Liter, 95% CI: −1.362, 0.612, p = 0.457), ALP (MD: 0.804 cm, 95% CI: −1.757, 3.366, p = 0.538), GGT (MD: 0.431 U/L, 95% CI: −1.803, 2.665, p = 0.706) and LDH (MD: 0.619 U/L, 95% CI: −4.040, 5.277, p = 0.795) following PS consumption. Originality/value The authors found that no protective or toxic effects occur after the consumption of Phytosterols on liver enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and GGT.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical supplements in management of pain and disability in osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawood Aghamohammadi ◽  
Neda Dolatkhah ◽  
Fahimeh Bakhtiari ◽  
Fariba Eslamian ◽  
Maryam Hashemian
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Womac Index ◽  
Pain Subscale

AbstractThis study designed to evaluate the effect of nutraceutical supplementation on pain intensity and physical function in patients with knee/hip OA. The MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science direct, and ProQuest in addition to SID, Magiran, and Iranmedex were searched up to March 2020. Records (n = 465) were screened via the PICOS criteria: participants were patients with hip or knee OA; intervention was different nutritional supplements; comparator was any comparator; the outcome was pain intensity (Visual analogue scale [VAS]) and physical function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis [WOMAC] index); study type was randomized controlled trials. The random effects model was used to pool the calculated effect sizes. The standardized mean difference (SMD) of the outcome changes was considered as the effect size. The random effects model was used to combine the effect sizes. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by Cochran's (Q) and I2 statistics. A total of 42 RCTs were involved in the meta-analysis. Nutritional supplementation were found to improve total WOMAC index (SMD = − 0.23, 95% CI − 0.37 to − 0.08), WOMAC pain (SMD = − 0.36, 95% CI − 0.62 to − 0.10) and WOMAC stiffness (SMD = − 0.47, 95% CI − 0.71 to − 0.23) subscales and VAS (SMD = − 0.79, 95% CI − 1.05 to − 0.05). Results of subgroup analysis according to the supplementation duration showed that the pooled effect size in studies with < 10 months, 10–20 months and > 20 months supplementation duration were 0.05, 0.27, and 0.36, respectively for WOMAC total score, 0.14, 0.55 and 0.05, respectively for WOAMC pain subscale, 0.59, 0.47 and 0.41, respectively for WOMAC stiffness subscale, 0.05, 0.57 and 0.53, respectively for WOMAC physical function subscale and 0.65, 0.99 and 0.12, respectively for VAS pain. The result suggested that nutraceutical supplementation of patients with knee/hip OA may lead to an improvement in pain intensity and physical function.

scholarly journals Reduced Risk of Parkinson’s Disease in Users of Calcium Channel Blockers: A Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Gudala ◽  
Raju Kanukula ◽  
Dipika Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Random Effects Model

Aim. To pool the data currently available to determine the association between calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods. Literature search in PubMed, EBSCO, and Cochrane library was undertaken through March 2014, looking for observational studies evaluating the association between CCBs use and PD. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects model. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity Analysis, and cumulative meta-analysis were also performed.Results. Six studies were included in our meta-analysis according to the selection criteria, including three cohort studies and three case-control studies involving 27,67,990 subjects including 11,941 PD cases. We found CCBs use was associated with significant decreased risk of PD, compared with not using CCBs (random effects model pooled RR, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.69–0.95)); a significant heterogeneity was found between studies (P=0.031;I254.6%). Both the classes of CCB, that is, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (DiCCB) (0.80 (95% CI, 0.65–0.98)P=0.032) and non-DiCCB (0.70 (95% CI, 0.53–0.92)P=0.013), were found to be reducing the risk of PD.Conclusion. In our analysis, we found that CCBs use was associated with a Significantly decreased risk of PD compared with non-CCB use.

scholarly journals Understanding the Profile of Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairments: A Critique of Meta-Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1009-1015
Author(s):  
Todd S Horowitz ◽  
Melissa Treviño ◽  
Ingrid M Gooch ◽  
Korrina A Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Summary Effect ◽  
The One ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract A large body of evidence indicates that cancer survivors who have undergone chemotherapy have cognitive impairments. Substantial disagreement exists regarding which cognitive domains are impaired in this population. We suggest that is in part due to inconsistency in how neuropsychological tests are assigned to cognitive domains. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the meta-analytic literature on cancer-related cognitive impairments (CRCI) to quantify this inconsistency. We identified all neuropsychological tests reported in seven meta-analyses of the CRCI literature. Although effect sizes were generally negative (indicating impairment), every domain was declared to be impaired in at least one meta-analysis and unimpaired in at least one other meta-analysis. We plotted summary effect sizes from all the meta-analyses and quantified disagreement by computing the observed and ideal distributions of the one-way χ2 statistic. The actual χ2 distributions were noticeably more peaked and shifted to the left than the ideal distributions, indicating substantial disagreement among the meta-analyses in how neuropsychological tests were categorized to domains. A better understanding of the profile of impairments in CRCI is essential for developing effective remediation methods. To accomplish this goal, the research field needs to promote better agreement on how to measure specific cognitive functions.

Effect of High-Fat or High-Carbohydrate Diets on Endurance Exercise: A Meta-Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Erlenbusch ◽  
Mark Haub ◽  
Kathy Munoz ◽  
Susan MacConnie ◽  
Belinda Stillwell
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate

The purpose of this investigation was to clarify, via a meta-analysis, whether the literature favors a high-fat or a high-carbohydrate diet to yield superior endurance exercise performance. Twenty published trials were analyzed to compare exercise performance under different diets. The average effect size of −0.60 indicated that subjects following a high-carbohydrate diet exercised longer until exhaustion. The training status of subjects (trained vs. untrained) was significantly related to effect size (r = −0.576, P < 0.01) and effect sizes separated between trained and untrained subjects were −0.05 and −2.84 respectively. The test for homogeneity revealed significant heterogeneity among effect sizes (χ2 [19] = 43.30, P < 0.05), indicating all of the trials are not describing the same effect. Given this significant heterogeneity, a conclusive endorsement of a high-carbohydrate diet based on the literature is difficult to make. Highly dissimilar trial protocols are the primary reason for heterogeneity.

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