Companion Animals as Reservoirs ofeaeA+Escherichia Coli

Abstract Objectives The emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from human and animal sources is one of the major public health concerns as colistin is the last-resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. We aimed to determine the prevalence of the prototype widespread colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) among commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from food-producing and companion animals in Iran. Results A total of 607 E. coli isolates which were previously collected from different animal sources between 2008 and 2016 used to uncover the possible presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) by PCR. Overall, our results could not confirm the presence of any mcr-1 or mcr-2 positive E. coli among the studied isolates. It is concluded that despite the important role of food-producing animals in transferring the antibiotic resistance, they were not the main source for carriage of mcr-1 and mcr-2 in Iran until 2016. This study suggests that the other mcr variants (mcr-3 to mcr-9) might be responsible for conferring colistin resistance in animal isolates in Iran. The possible linkage between pig farming industry and high level of mcr carriage in some countries needs to be clarified in future prospective studies.

Download Full-text

Co-occurrence of clinically relevant β-lactamases and MCR-1 encoding genes in Escherichia coli from companion animals in Argentina

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 230 ◽

pp. 228-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

María Valeria Rumi ◽

Javier Mas ◽

Alan Elena ◽

Louise Cerdeira ◽

Maria E. Muñoz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Encoding Genes

Download Full-text

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Flies in the Urban Center of Berlin, Germany

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16091530 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 1530 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wibke Wetzker ◽

Yvonne Pfeifer ◽

Solvy Wolke ◽

Andrea Haselbeck ◽

Rasmus Leistner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽

Multiple Pathogens

Background: The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms that circulate in the environment is an important topic of scientific research and contributes to the development of action plans to combat the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. As a synanthropic vector for multiple pathogens and a reservoir for AMR, flies can be used for surveillance. Methods: We collected 163 flies in the inner city of Berlin and examined them for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli genotypically and phenotypically. Results: The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in flies was 12.9%. Almost half (47.6%) of the ESBL-positive samples showed a co-resistance to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to carbapenems or colistin was not detected. The predominant ESBL-type was CTX-M-1, which is associated with wildlife, livestock, and companion animals as a potential major source of transmission of MDR E. coli to flies. Conclusions: This field study confirms the permanent presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in an urban fly population. For continuous monitoring of environmental contamination with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, flies can be used as indicators without much effort.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in veterinary hospital staff and students

Veterinary Record Open ◽

10.1136/vetreco-2018-000307 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000307 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alexandra Royden ◽

Emma Ormandy ◽

Gina Pinchbeck ◽

Ben Pascoe ◽

Matthew D Hitchings ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

High Risk ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Hospital Staff ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Risk Population ◽

Entire Study ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Veterinary Hospital

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria causing clinical infections are often also multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial drug classes), therefore treatment options may be limited. High carriage rates of these potentially zoonotic bacteria have been found in livestock and companion animals. Therefore, people working in veterinary hospitals may be a high-risk population for carriage. This is the first study to determine the prevalence and longitudinal carriage of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) and ESBL-producing faecal Escherichia coli in veterinary hospital staff and students. Prevalence of faecal AMR and ESBL-producing E coli was determined in 84 staff members and students in three UK veterinary hospitals. Twenty-seven participants were followed for six weeks to investigate longitudinal carriage. Antimicrobial susceptibility and phenotypic ESBL production were determined and selected isolates were whole genome sequenced. ESBL-producing E coli were isolated from five participants (5.95 per cent; 95 per cent CI 0.89 to 11.0 per cent); two participants carried ESBL-producing E coli resistant to all antimicrobials tested. Carriage of MDR E coli was common (32.1 per cent; 95per cent CI 22.2 to 42.1 per cent) and there was a high prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance (11.9 per cent; 95 per cent CI 4.98 to 18.8 per cent). ESBL-producing E coli were isolated from seven longitudinal participants (25.9 per cent; 95 per cent CI 9.40 to 42.5 per cent); two participants carried ESBL-producing E coli for the entire study period. Twenty-six participants (96.3 per cent; 95 per cent CI 89.2 to 100) carried ≥1 MDR E coli isolate during the six-week period, with seven participants (25.9 per cent) carrying ≥1 MDR isolate for at least five out of six weeks. The prevalence of faecal ESBL-producing E coli in cross-sectional participants is similar to asymptomatic general populations. However, much higher levels of carriage were observed longitudinally in participants. It is vital that veterinary hospitals implement gold-standard biosecurity to prevent transmission of MDR and ESBL-producing bacteria between patients and staff. Healthcare providers should be made aware that people working in veterinary hospitals are a high-risk population for carriage of MDR and ESBL-producing bacteria, and that this poses a risk to the carrier and for transmission of resistance throughout the wider community.

Download Full-text

New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-5–Producing Escherichia coli in Companion Animals, United States

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3201/eid2602.191221 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 381-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stephen D. Cole ◽

Laura Peak ◽

Gregory H. Tyson ◽

Renate Reimschuessel ◽

Olgica Ceric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Companion Animals ◽

New Delhi

Download Full-text

High Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants qnr, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and qepA among Ceftiofur-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Companion and Food-Producing Animals

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00886-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 519-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

Junying Ma ◽

Zhenling Zeng ◽

Zhangliu Chen ◽

Xiaogang Xu ◽

Xiaoying Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Guangdong Province ◽

Quinolone Resistance ◽

Resistance Determinants ◽

The Family ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Few Data

ABSTRACT Three kinds of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants have been discovered and have been shown to be widely distributed among clinical isolates: qnr genes, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and qepA. Few data on the prevalence of these determinants in strains from animals are available. The presence of PMQR genes in isolates from animals was determined by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases in the strains was detected, and their genotypes were determined. The genetic environment of PMQR determinants in selected plasmids was analyzed. All samples of ceftiofur-resistant (MICs ≥ 8 μg/ml) isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae were selected from 36 companion animals and 65 food-producing animals in Guangdong Province, China, between November 2003 and April 2007, including 89 Escherichia coli isolates, 9 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, and isolates of three other genera. A total of 68.3% (69/101) of the isolates produced ESBLs and/or AmpC β-lactamases, mainly those of the CTX-M and CMY types. Of the 101 strains, PMQR determinants were present in 35 (34.7%) isolates, with qnr, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and qepA detected alone or in combination in 8 (7.9%), 19 (18.8%), and 16 (15.8%) strains, respectively. The qnr genes detected included one qnrB4 gene, four qnrB6 genes, and three qnrS1 genes. Five strains were positive for both aac(6′)-Ib-cr and qepA, while one strain was positive for qnrS1, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and qepA. qnrB6 was flanked by two copies of ISCR1 with an intervening dfr gene downstream and sul1 and qacEΔ1 genes upstream. In another plasmid, aac(6′)-Ib-cr followed intI1 and arr-3 was downstream. PMQR determinants are highly prevalent in ceftiofur-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from animals in China. This is the first report of the occurrence of PMQR determinants among isolates from companion animals.

Download Full-text

Molecular Characterization of Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates from Companion Animals in the United States

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00656-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 55 (12) ◽

pp. 5666-5675 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Bashar W. Shaheen ◽

Rajesh Nayak ◽

Steven L. Foley ◽

Ohgew Kweon ◽

Joanna Deck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Regulatory Region ◽

Companion Animals ◽

The United States ◽

Conjugative Plasmid ◽

Chromosomal Gene ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACTResistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) among members of the familyEnterobacteriaceaeoccurs worldwide; however, little is known about ESC resistance inEscherichia colistrains from companion animals. Clinical isolates ofE. coliwere collected from veterinary diagnostic laboratories throughout the United States from 2008 to 2009.E. coliisolates (n= 54) with reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime or cefotaxime (MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml) and extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes were analyzed. PCR and sequencing were used to detect mutations in ESBL-encoding genes and the regulatory region of the chromosomal geneampC. Conjugation experiments and plasmid identification were conducted to examine the transferability of resistance to ESCs. All isolates carried theblaCTX-M-1-group β-lactamase genes in addition to one or more of the following β-lactamase genes:blaTEM,blaSHV-3,blaCMY-2,blaCTX-M-14-like, andblaOXA-1.DifferentblaTEMsequence variants were detected in some isolates (n= 40). Three isolates harbored ablaTEM-181gene with a novel mutation resulting in an Ala184Val substitution. Approximately 78% of the isolates had mutations in promoter/attenuator regions of the chromosomal geneampC, one of which was a novel insertion of adenine between bases −28 and −29. Plasmids ranging in size from 11 to 233 kbp were detected in the isolates, with a common plasmid size of 93 kbp identified in 60% of isolates. Plasmid-mediated transfer of β-lactamase genes increased the MICs (≥16-fold) of ESCs for transconjugants. Replicon typing among isolates revealed the predominance of IncI and IncFIA plasmids, followed by IncFIB plasmids. This study shows the emergence of conjugative plasmid-borne ESBLs amongE. colistrains from companion animals in the United States, which may compromise the effective therapeutic use of ESCs in veterinary medicine.

Download Full-text

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases belonging to CTX-M group produced by Escherichia coli strains isolated from companion animals treated with enrofloxacin

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.11.011 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 129 (1-2) ◽

pp. 203-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Andrea Moreno ◽

Helia Bello ◽

Drago Guggiana ◽

Mariana Domínguez ◽

Gerardo González

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Extended Spectrum

Download Full-text

Characterization of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamases Produced by Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Dogs in Poland

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0009.2124 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 285-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Magdalena Rzewuska ◽

Ilona Stefańska ◽

Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda ◽

Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel ◽

Paulina Szczygielska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Small Animal ◽

Common Cause ◽

First Report ◽

E Coli ◽

Veterinary Practice ◽

Extended Spectrum

Escherichia coli is a common cause of infections in companion animals. In recent years the increasing prevalence of resistance to β-lactams, including extended-spectrum cephalosporins, antimicrobials frequently used in small animal veterinary practice, was observed in canine isolates of E. coli. The aim of this study was to detect and to characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) produced by E. coli isolated from diseased dogs in Poland. Four isolates out of 119 studied (3.4%) were ESBL-positive. They harbored the blaSHV-12, blaCTX-M-15, and blaTEM-116 genes. This study provides the first report of the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in dogs in Poland.

Download Full-text