scholarly journals Infection of eight mesocarnivores in New Hampshire and Vermont with a distinct clade of canine distemper virus in 2016–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Needle ◽  
Vivien C. Burnell ◽  
Marίa J. Forzán ◽  
Edward J. Dubovi ◽  
Krysten L. Schuler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
New England ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Mephitis Mephitis ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus

Three fishers ( Martes pennanti), 2 gray foxes ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus), 1 mink ( Neovison vison), 1 skunk ( Mephitis mephitis), and 1 raccoon ( Procyon lotor), from Vermont and New Hampshire, had lesions on autopsy consistent with canine distemper virus (CDV) infections diagnosed in a 12-mo period in 2016–2017. Lesions of CDV infection were most commonly noted in the lungs (8 of 8 animals), urothelium (5 of 8), biliary tract (5 of 8), gastrointestinal tract (4 of 7), and brain (4 of 6). Splenic lesions were seen in 3 animals. The diagnosis was confirmed via immunohistochemistry and virus isolation. Viral genotyping indicated that all 8 animals were infected with a distinct clade of CDV that has only been reported in wildlife in New England, and this clade of viruses is distinct from vaccine strains. During the 12 mo when these cases occurred, no other CDV clade was identified in any other wildlife or domesticated animal submitted from the 2 states.

scholarly journals Concurrent Infection of Skunk Adenovirus-1, Listeria monocytogenes, and a Regionally Specific Clade of Canine Distemper Virus in One Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and Concurrent Listeriosis and Canine Distemper in a Second Gray Fox

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
David B. Needle ◽  
Jacqueline L. Marr ◽  
Cooper J. Park ◽  
Cheryl P. Andam ◽  
Annabel G. Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
New England ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial ◽  
Gray Fox ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Free Ranging

One free-ranging Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) underwent autopsy following neurologic disease, with findings including morbilliviral inclusions and associated lesions in numerous tissues, adenoviral intranuclear inclusions in bronchial epithelial cells, and septic pleuropneumonia, hepatitis, splenitis, and meningoencephalitis. Molecular diagnostics on fresh lung identified a strain within a distinct clade of canine distemper that is currently unique to wildlife in New England, as well as the emerging multi-host viral pathogen skunk adenovirus-1. Bacterial culture of fresh liver resulted in a pure growth of Listeria monocytogenes, with whole genome sequencing indicating that the isolate had a vast array of antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated genes. One year later, a second fox was euthanized for inappropriate behavior in a residential area, and diagnostic workup revealed canine distemper and septic L. monocytogenes, with the former closely related to the distemper virus found in the previous fox and the latter divergent from the L. monocytogenes from the previous fox.

scholarly journals Genomic and Immunological Identification of Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) and Investigation of Coinfection with Bordetella bronchiseptica Among Dogs in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Isvand ◽  
Azam Mokhtari ◽  
Atefeh Esmailnejad
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Background: Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an extremely contagious pathogen that causes deadly diseases in carnivores worldwide. Objectives: Considering the effect of CDV on the host immune system and the increased risk of other infections, the present study aimed to investigate the incidence of coinfection with CDV and Bordetella bronchiseptica, using genomic and serological methods. Methods: In this study, 50 blood samples, eye samples, respiratory swabs, and gastrointestinal tract swabs were taken from dogs, which showed symptoms of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract involvement, suggesting CDV infection. Also, 50 seemingly healthy dogs were included in this study. The animals were referred to Isfahan clinics between the spring of 2018 and the winter of 2019. For the initial diagnosis of CDV by immunological methods, a rapid CDV immunochromatography kit was used. To investigate for the genomes of both pathogens, after DNA and RNA extraction and reverse transcription of the extracted RNA samples, a PCR assay was performed using specific primers. Results: Based on the results of the RT-PCR assay, of 50 samples taken from dogs with suspected CDV infection, 37 were positive for the presence of CDV nucleic acids, and 20 were positive for the presence of B. bronchiseptica nucleic acids. Also, of 50 samples taken from seemingly healthy dogs, three were positive for CDV, and 15 were positive for B. bronchiseptica nucleic acids. Conclusions: In the present study, of 100 samples taken from dogs with suspected CDV infection and apparently healthy dogs, 15 showed coinfection (12 samples from dogs with symptoms of CDV and three from seemingly healthy dogs). However, no significant relationship was found between CDV and B. bronchiseptica infections. It seems that future studies with a larger sample size can provide us with more accurate results.

Low Titers of Canine Distemper Virus Antibody in Wild Fishers (Martes pennanti) in the Eastern USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
Steven T. Peper ◽  
Randall L. Peper ◽  
Denise H. Mitcheltree ◽  
George V. Kollias ◽  
Robert P. Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Virus Antibody ◽  
Eastern Usa

scholarly journals Virus isolation and molecular characterization of canine distemper virus by RT-PCR from a mature dog with multifocal encephalomyelit

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Mendes Amude ◽  
Glei dos Anjos Carvalho ◽  
Amauri Alcindo Alfieri ◽  
Alice Fernandes Alfieri
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Rt Pcr

Emancipation and Free African Americans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Archer
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
New England ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
African Descent ◽  
American Population ◽  
African American Population ◽  
Free African Americans

Except in parts of Rhode Island and Connecticut, slavery was a peripheral institution, and throughout New England during and after the Revolution there was widespread support to emancipate slaves. Some of the states enacted emancipation laws that theoretically allowed slavery to continue almost indefinitely, and slavery remained on the books as late as 1857 in New Hampshire. Although the laws gradually abolished slavery and although the pace was painfully slow for those still enslaved, the predominant dynamic for New England society was the sudden emergence of a substantial, free African American population. What developed was an even more virulent racism and a Jim Crow environment. The last part of the chapter is an analysis of where African Americans lived as of 1830 and the connection between racism and concentrations of people of African descent.

scholarly journals Canine Distemper in an Isolated Population of Fishers (Martes pennanti) from California

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan M. Keller ◽  
Mourad Gabriel ◽  
Karen A. Terio ◽  
Edward J. Dubovi ◽  
Elizabeth VanWormer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isolated Population ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Canine Distemper

scholarly journals Intratumoral Canine Distemper Virus Infection Inhibits Tumor Growth by Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment in a Murine Xenograft Model of Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3578
Author(s):  
Federico Armando ◽  
Adnan Fayyad ◽  
Stefanie Arms ◽  
Yvonne Barthel ◽  
Dirk Schaudien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Histiocytic Sarcoma ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Murine Xenograft Model ◽  
The Impact

Histiocytic sarcomas refer to highly aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis that respond poorly to conventional treatment approaches. Oncolytic viruses, which have gained significant traction as a cancer therapy in recent decades, represent a promising option for treating histiocytic sarcomas through their replication and/or by modulating the tumor microenvironment. The live attenuated canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccine strain Onderstepoort represents an attractive candidate for oncolytic viral therapy. In the present study, oncolytic virotherapy with CDV was used to investigate the impact of this virus infection on tumor cell growth through direct oncolytic effects or by virus-mediated modulation of the tumor microenvironment with special emphasis on angiogenesis, expression of selected MMPs and TIMP-1 and tumor-associated macrophages in a murine xenograft model of canine histiocytic sarcoma. Treatment of mice with xenotransplanted canine histiocytic sarcomas using CDV induced overt retardation in tumor progression accompanied by necrosis of neoplastic cells, increased numbers of intratumoral macrophages, reduced angiogenesis and modulation of the expression of MMPs and TIMP-1. The present data suggest that CDV inhibits tumor growth in a multifactorial way, including direct cell lysis and reduction of angiogenesis and modulation of MMPs and their inhibitor TIMP-1, providing further support for the concept of its role in oncolytic therapies.

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