scholarly journals Ending institutions: Rule enforcement in self-governance systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio C Pedro
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Self Enforcement ◽  
Effective Transmission ◽  
Exchange Relations

How are rules enforced in the absence of an organization with coercive powers? I examine the role of informal institutions in supporting self-enforcement of rules through ethnographic research on a popular form of community-based gambling in the Philippines. In ending, a reputation-based mechanism shapes exchange relations between bettors and bet-takers, and among members of a local community. Social norms about sharing one’s winnings ( balato) provide community members with an interest in the outcome of these exchange relations, thereby strengthening the ability of bettors to acquire information about the reputation of various bet-takers. In consequence, bet-takers exert efforts to safeguard their reputation, and comply with informal rules about the immediate and complete delivery of winnings. The findings suggest that when communities are small enough so that members are able to observe each other, but not too small so that no individual possesses all the relevant information, then social norms that generate effective transmission of reputational information provide sufficient institutional support for self-governance.

scholarly journals The Notion of Manhood Embedment in the Practice of Traditional Male Circumcision in Ngove Village, Limpopo, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1567-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tryphosa Siweya ◽  
Tholene Sodi ◽  
Mbuyiselo Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Role Modeling ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Heterosexual Relationships ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Medical Male Circumcision ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

Traditional male circumcision (TMC) is a cultural ritual that involves the removal of the penile foreskin of a male person undertaken as part of a rite of passage from childhood into adulthood. The aim of the study was to determine the notions of manhood in TMC by African adolescent boys in Ngove Village, Limpopo Province. This was a qualitative study that sampled a total of 20 adolescent boys through purposive sampling. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and analyzed through interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). Five main themes emerged from this study, namely: (a) TMC as a passage to manhood, (b) the role of TMC in role modeling, (C) fearlessness and aggressiveness as qualities of manhood in TMC, (d) TMC as indicating readiness for heterosexual relationships, and (e) the decline in the practice of TMC. The study concludes with discussion and recommendation of integration of both traditional male circumcision and medical male circumcision (MMC) with specific tactfulness and respect of the notion of manhood value embedment in the process to gain cooperation of the local community members affected.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence in Corporate Governance Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 03015
Author(s):  
Rizvan Turluev ◽  
Laura Hadjieva
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Or Organization ◽  
A Company

The presence of a direct causal relationship between management decisions and the analytical and research role of information allows us to prove the strategic importance of information resources. Typically, the need for data is considered at the management level of a company or organization. This position indicates the unambiguity of the confirmation regarding the results of the analyzed data and the possibility of their monetization. Information data is a kind of fundamental basis, demanded by the key structural links of any company. Information serves as an effective identifier of the company's potential opportunities and probable losses in an unstable business environment, as well as quality support from strategically significant initiatives. Of no small importance today is attached to the possibilities of joint application of relevant information on the part of all divisions of the company in order to react as quickly as possible to the transformation of the economic space. It should be noted that information is a kind of asset, the level of efficiency of which is especially important for successful activity. The article discusses artificial intelligence in corporate governance systems.

scholarly journals Local Community Perceptions of the Ecological and Socio-Economic Benefits of Spiders in Small-Scale Urban Green Spaces for Conservation Reinforcement

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Brian Tampos Sabanal ◽  
◽  
Marion John Michael Macapil Achondo ◽  
Lief Erikson Diocampo Gamalo ◽  
Pedro Alviola IV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Ecological Roles ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

Spiders are among the most ubiquitous arthropods that can dwell on diverse habitats, which include small-scale urban green spaces (UGS). To promote urban diversity, we assessed the awareness of a local community situated within UGS in Davao, Philippines about the ecological roles of spiders. Data were obtained by administering survey questionnaires to 80 households using convenience sampling. The survey revealed that the local community is knowledgeable on the occurrence of spiders in their area (97.5%), in which they are mostly acquainted with spiders of Pisauridae (25%) and Araneidae (20.3%). Also, the community has recognized the important ecological roles of spiders, in which they mostly acknowledged the role of spiders as a significant source of food for other organisms (71.62%). However, a high proportion of respondents also recognized the socio-economic benefits of spiders through spider wrestling (60.81%). Henceforth, the ecological roles of spiders could be subjugated as spider wrestling is practiced in the local community, which could be a possible threat to the spider population. Thus, we highly suggest to involve concerned local communities in urban biodiversity management for the conservation of spiders in the Philippines, which is highly at risk due to its perceived socio-economic benefits.

scholarly journals Local community networks in the fight against cervical cancer: the role of coffee ceremonies in the uptake of screening in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlieke de Fouw ◽  
Mirgissa Kaba ◽  
Molalign Hailu ◽  
Feriha Zitesti Bereket ◽  
Jogchum Jan Beltman
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
Community Mobilisation ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Screening Services ◽  
Continuous Support

Community mobilisation is an essential part of cervical cancer screening programmes to increase demand for screening services. While there are different methods of community mobilisation, in Ethiopia community conversations during traditional coffee ceremonies appear to be a context appropriate and effective method. Linkage of community mobilisation with existing community networks can increase uptake of cervical cancer screening and improve continuous support and care among community members.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of the Role of Decentralization to Develop Local Community: Al-Anbari Community as a Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Dr. Noori Saadoon Abdulla
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Secondary Information

The present study aims to clarify the role of decentralization in the development of local community. It is one of the first studies of this kind that examines the relationship between levels of decentralization and community development in Al-Anbar and Iraq. In addition, it sheds light on multiple meanings such as: public participation, especially in local councils. In Al-Anbar in terms of importance, role, influence, preparations, needs, and social problems. The present study examines official community development programs in Al-Anbar in light of sufficient information about Residential Neighborhood Committee and development of community members ’awareness of the importance of decentralization in community development. To achieve these objectives, the researcher uses both the descriptive approach in the analysis based on primary and secondary information sources, conducting a study on a sample of members of the local council, interviewing members of the local committees in Al-Anbar, and holding meetings with those responsible for the local development program. The present study reached a number of results, the most important of which was that there is a strong desire among the members of the local council to implement decentralization in order to develop The local community and increase the awareness of the council members or its committees about decentralization for its influential role in popular participation and the development of the local community. The present study also concluded that members of the Al-Anbari community have a good understanding of the activities carried out by the various council committees and they fully participate in them.

scholarly journals Community and Environmental Sustainability

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathryne L. Schmitz ◽  
Christine H. Stinson ◽  
Channelle D. James
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
Community Based Education

Academic institutions as community members, creators of knowledge, and educators of current and future citizens and practitioners have the potential to play a significant role in establishing sustainable environments. This article examines the role of community as the learning context for colleges and universities and as co-creators for complex change processes. Collaborative educational models are presented that link environmental sustainability to community engagement and the enhancement of social and economic justice. Through interdisciplinary, community-based education students gain an awareness of and learn to make an investment in sustainable communities. As teams of students work in the local community, they are meaningfully involved with the community, each other, and the environment. Examples of collaborations designed to engage in interactive learning and development are outlined. Research from the areas of social work, environmental science, social justice, and social entrepreneurship are used to support this curricular approach.

Gender and Migration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Syswerda
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Gender And Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Muslim Identities

While much of the literature about Muslim identities has tended to focus on British-born Muslims in densely populated ‘Muslim’ localities, the experiences of Muslim migrants living outside such localities have been largely overlooked. This leaves unanswered questions about the role of ‘other’ women – that is, women from diverse religious, cultural and ethnic backgrounds – in shaping Muslim migrant women’s sense of self and their attitudes towards post-migration life. This chapter seeks to address this oversight by exploring the ways in which recent Muslim migrant women to Scotland construct new identities in relation to the ‘other’ women whom they encounter in their post-migration, everyday lives, including friends, neighbours and local community members. Thus, this chapter steps off from what is now a ‘relatively widespread understanding of the self as a relational achievement’ (Conradson and McKay, 2007: 167).

Inclusion and Migration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oakleigh Welply
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Diversity Education ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The One

In a context of globalization and increased mobility, migration has brought new societal challenges to nation-states, raising questions about how countries can promote inclusion within contexts of increased diversity. Education occupies a central yet paradoxical place in this process. On the one hand, schools’ failure to be fully inclusive of new forms of diversity is decried as a cause of violence and fragmentation in society. On the other hand, schools are invested with the role of including and socializing individuals from diverse backgrounds for future participation in society. There is little agreement on how this can best be achieved. Central to these questions are the ways in which educational systems can engage with increasing diversity, be it new movements of people, new forms of communication, and networks, or more complex forms of identity. These present new challenges in terms of educational policy and practice, locally, nationally, and globally. Young migrants face multiple barriers to inclusion, such as underachievement, discrimination, and segregation. In order to fully engage with these challenges, global and national policies need to be considered alongside institutional structures, the role of key stakeholders (teachers, support staff, parents, local community members), and the experience of young immigrants.

scholarly journals Impacts of co-management on fish biodiversity and livelihoods of fishers of Baikka beel, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-336
Author(s):  
Fozlul Kabeer ◽  
Md Jamal Hossain ◽  
Subrato Paul ◽  
Taufiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Fishing Rights ◽  
Sustainable Resource Management ◽  
Wetland Resource ◽  
Study Results ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Management Institutions

Co-management plays a significant role in fisheries and natural resources management. In the case of fisheries, it has most often been taken to mean a sharing of responsibility for sustainable resource management between government and fishing communities. Baikka Beel, situated in Moulvibazar, Bangladesh has been identified and established as a wetland sanctuary by local community members in conjunction with the Management of Aquatic Ecosystem through Community Husbandry (MACH) project. In this study, the role of co-management institutions, including federations of resource user groups (FRUGs) and resource management organizations (RMOs) were investigated on sustainable wetland resource management and fish production and biodiversity in Baikka Beel. Study results shown that the knowledge and attitudes of MACH fishers towards sustainable resource management were positive and optimistic than non-MACH fishers; MACH fishers were involved with AIGAs. The results from independent samples t-test showed that the income of MACH group from fishing was significantly lower than the income of non-MACH group while income from AIGAs of MACH group was significantly higher than the income of non-MACH group. Fishing rights of both MACH and non-MACH fishers are not well established due to current leasing system. Both production and biodiversity of fish has been improved due to community-based sustainable management of Baikka Beel.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 328-336, August 2018

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