The Role of Extracellular Matrix Components in Dentin Mineralization

The extracellular matrix of dentin consists of mineral (hydroxyapatite), collagen, and several noncollagenous matrix proteins. These noncollagenous matrix proteins may be mediators of cell-matrix interactions, matrix maturation, and mineralization. This review describes the current knowledge of the chemistry of mineral crystal formation in dentin with special emphasis on the roles of the dentin matrix proteins. The functions of some of these matrix proteins in the mineralization process have been deduced based on in vitro studies. Functions for others have been postulated based on analogy with some of the bone matrix proteins. Evidence suggests that several of these matrix proteins may have multiple effects on nucleation, crystal growth, and orientation of dentin hydroxyapatite.

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Development of an in vitro Model for the Study of the Response of Equine Tendon Fibroblasts to Injury and Medication

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1632561 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. 6-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. F. Rosenbusch ◽

L. C. Booth ◽

L. A. Dahlgren

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Tendon Healing ◽

Matrix Proteins ◽

Isolated Cells ◽

Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽

Vitro Model

SummaryEquine tendon fibroblasts were isolated from explants of superficial digital flexor tendon, subcultured and maintained in monolayers. The cells were characterized by light microscopy, electron microscopy and radiolabel studies for proteoglycan production. Two predominant cell morphologies were identified. The cells dedifferentiated toward a more spindle shape with repeated subcultures. Equine tendon fibroblasts were successfully cryopreserved and subsequently subcultured. The ability to produce proteoglycan was preserved.The isolated cells were identified as fibroblasts, based on their characteristic shape by light microscopy and ultrastructure and the active production of extracellular matrix proteins. Abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and the production of extracellular matrix products demonstrated active protein production and export. Proteoglycans were measurable via liquid scintillation counting in both the cell-associated fraction and free in the supernatant. This model is currently being utilized to study the effects of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on tendon healing. Future uses include studying the effects of other pharmaceuticals, such as hyaluronic acid, on tendon healing.A model was developed for in vitro investigations into tendon healing. Fibroblasts were isolated from equine superficial digital flexor tendons and maintained in monolayer culture. The tenocytes were characterized via light and electron microscopy. Proteoglycan production was measured, using radio-label techniques. The fibroblasts were cryopreserved and subsequently subcultured. The cells maintained their capacity for proteoglycan production, following repeated subculturing and cryopreservation.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Trypanosoma cruzi activates mouse cardiac fibroblasts in vitro leading to fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and increase in expression of extracellular matrix proteins.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.732607671.793542414 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Giulio Gabbiani

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽

Extracellular Matrix Proteins ◽

Matrix Proteins

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Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Plant-Derived Products

Current Cancer Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1568009620666201120144838 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar ◽

Nurul Iman Natasya Zulkafali ◽

Azizah Ugusman

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Natural Products ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Extracellular Matrix Components

: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent metallo-endopeptidase that are responsible towards the degradation, repair and remodelling of extracellular matrix components. MMPs play an important role in maintaining a normal physiological function and preventing diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Natural products derived from plants have been used as traditional medicine for centuries. Its active compounds, such as catechin, resveratrol and quercetin, are suggested to play an important role as MMPs inhibitors, thereby opening new insights into their applications in many fields, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review summarises the current knowledge on plant-derived natural products with MMP-modulating activities. Most of the reviewed plant-derived products exhibit an inhibitory activity on MMPs. Amongst MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the most studied. The expression of MMPs is inhibited through respective signalling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB and PI3 kinase pathways, which contribute to the reduction in cancer cell behaviours, such as proliferation and migration. Most studies have employed in vitro models, but a limited number of animal studies and clinical trials have been conducted. Even though plant-derived products show promising results in modulating MMPs, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to support their therapeutic applications in the future.

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Abstract 3030: Differential Regulation of Valvular Interstitial Cell Dysfunction by Extracellular Matrix Components

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_679 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽

Author(s):

Karien J Rodriguez ◽

Kristyn S Masters

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Lower Amount ◽

Valvular Interstitial Cells ◽

Cell Dysfunction ◽

Endogenous Production ◽

Extracellular Matrix Components ◽

Culture Surface

Calcification is the leading cause of bioprosthetic and native aortic valve failure, but relatively little is known regarding the factors that contribute to the progression of valvular calcification. Because extracellular matrix (ECM) disarray is often observed in explanted diseased valves, we have investigated the role of individual ECM components in the in vitro calcification of valvular interstitial cells (VICs). The transformation of VICs to an osteoblast-like phenotype was quantified in VICs cultured on different types of ECM coatings. The results show that the number and size of calcific nodules formed in VIC cultures, as well as the expression of mineralization markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and CBFa1, were highly dependent upon the composition of the culture surface. In fact, VICs cultured on certain ECM components, namely collagen (Coll) and fibronectin (FN), were resistant to calcification, even upon treatment with potent mineralization-inducing growth factors, such as transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFb1). Meanwhile, VIC cultures on fibrin (FB), laminin, and heparin not only had a high number of calcified nodules (p<0.001 vs. Coll, FN), but also elevated levels of ALP and CBFa1 (p<0.02), and the number of nodules on these ‘pro-calcific’ coatings significantly increased upon treatment with exogenous TGFb1 (p<0.05). To explain the ECM-dependence of calcification, the endogenous production of a pro-mineralization factor (TGFb1) was assessed in VICs on anti-calcific (Coll) and pro-calcific (FB) substrates. Quantification of TGFb1 mRNA revealed that VICs on Coll surfaces expressed a significantly lower amount of TGFb1 mRNA than VICs on FB (p<0.01). Furthermore, treatment with a neutralizing antibody to TGFb1 decreased TGFb1 mRNA expression by VICs on Coll in comparison to VICs on FB or polystyrene controls (p<0.02). Thus, we have discovered a strong correlation between VIC calcification and ECM composition. Our findings show that the ECM plays an important role in controlling TGFb1 expression and subsequent calcification of VICs, which may significantly impact the design of biomaterials for valve tissue engineering, understanding of valvular disease, and the development of preventative treatments for valve calcification.

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A new in vitro assay to test UVR protection of dermal extracellular matrix components by a flat spectrum sunscreen

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 175 ◽

pp. 58-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S.A. Hibbert ◽

P. Costello ◽

C. O'Connor ◽

M. Bell ◽

C.E.M. Griffiths ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

In Vitro Assay ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Extracellular Matrix Components ◽

Matrix Components

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Trypanosoma cruzi activates mouse cardiac fibroblasts in vitro leading to fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and increase in expression of extracellular matrix proteins

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-018-2614-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laura Lacerda Coelho ◽

Isabela Resende Pereira ◽

Mirian Claudia de Souza Pereira ◽

Liliane Mesquita ◽

Joseli Lannes-Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽

Extracellular Matrix Proteins ◽

Matrix Proteins

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Peptide hormone relaxin: from molecular effects to clinical results

Уральский медицинский журнал ◽

10.52420/2071-5943-2021-20-1-89-96 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

O. V. Prokhorova ◽

A. A. Olina ◽

G. Kh. Tolibova ◽

T. G. Tral

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Current System ◽

Peptide Hormone ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Scientific Publications ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Extracellular Matrix Components ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Remodeling Of Extracellular Matrix

Introduction. The peptide hormone relaxin, which is produced by cells of the corpus luteum during and outside pregnancy, has a huge number of clinically significant effects, mediating many biological mechanisms, including antifibrotic, vasodilatory, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects.Purpose of the study: based on the study of modern literature data, to analyze the results of scientific research, representing the current system of views on the physiological and pathophysilogical effects of relaxin.Materials and methods. A study f scientific publications for the period from 2005 to 2020 in e PubMed and Elibrary databases was carried out using the keywords: relaxin, pregnancy, relaxin signaling pathway, reproductive system, extracellular matrix.Results and Discussion. The study of modern views on the physiology of relaxin has shown that this hormone mediates its effects by binding to the specific receptor RXFP1, which is localized in a large number of reproductive nonproductive tissues. Relaxin performs many functions related to the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and vasculature. The main uterotropic effects of this peptide include stimulation of growth and vascularization of the uterus, remodeling of extracellular matrix components, and regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in preparation for implantation.Conclusion. The progress of the last decade in understanding the biochemistry of the hormone relaxin has formed the basis for a deeper penetration into all the variety of its physiological roles. The participation of relaxin in the mechanisms of relaxation of the myometrium during pregnancy, remodeling of the connective tissue of target organs in the antenatal period creases its potential clinical significance. The prospect of a possible therapeutic use of relaxin preparations in stimulating antenatal transformation of the cervix, in vitro fertilization, therapy of preeclampsia, acute heart failure and myocardial ischemia turns it into a potential therapeutic agent for these pathological conditions.

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