Principals’ Observations of a State Level Project: Leadership to Transform Schools

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary C. Alexander ◽  
Linda Keller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Governance ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
State Level ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Project Leadership ◽  
Implementing Change

Shared decision making and shared leadership from multiple perspectives is essential in order for true educational transformation to occur. A collaborative research effort between the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota Office of Educational Leadership (OEL) provided data on the perceptions of principals at twenty-two urban, suburban, and rural schools participating in the transformation process. Ethnographic techniques were used to gather data to understand the development of leadership skills, shared governance, and shared vision at individual sites Findings from the indepth interviews indicate that an awareness of obstacles to change are a necessary first step toward implementing change; a majority of principals support some degree of site-centered decision making; central office administration needs to facilitate site autonomy; and examples of site autonomy and true shared governance exist.

scholarly journals The Multifocal Approach to Sharing in Shared Decision Making: A Critical Appraisal of the MAPPIN’SDM

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2110107
Author(s):  
David Forner ◽  
Christopher W. Noel ◽  
Laura Boland ◽  
Arwen H. Pieterse ◽  
Cornelia M. Borkhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Property Assessment

Objective Shared decision making integrates health care provider expertise with patient values and preferences. The MAPPIN’SDM is a recently developed measurement instrument that incorporates physician, patient, and observer perspectives during medical consultations. This review sought to critically appraise the development, sensibility, reliability, and validity of the MAPPIN’SDM and to determine in which settings it has been used. Methods This critical appraisal was performed through a targeted review of the literature. Articles outlining the development or measurement property assessment of the MAPPIN’SDM or that used the instrument for predictor or outcome purposes were identified. Results Thirteen studies were included. The MAPPIN’SDM was developed by both adapting and building on previous shared decision making measurement instruments, as well as through creation of novel items. Content validity, face validity, and item quality of the MAPPIN’SDM are adequate. Internal consistency ranged from 0.91 to 0.94 and agreement statistics from 0.41 to 0.92. The MAPPIN’SDM has been evaluated in several populations and settings, ranging from chronic disease to acute oncological settings. Limitations include high reading levels required for self-administered patient questionnaires and the small number of studies that have employed the instrument to date. Conclusion The MAPPIN’SDM generally shows adequate development, sensibility, reliability, and validity in preliminary testing and holds promise for shared decision making research integrating multiple perspectives. Further research is needed to develop its use in other patient populations and to assess patient understanding of complex item wording.

scholarly journals Patterns and correlates of mis-implementation in state chronic disease public health practice in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Padek ◽  
Stephanie Mazzucca ◽  
Peg Allen ◽  
Emily Rodriguez Weno ◽  
Edward Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Effective Programs

Abstract Background Much of the disease burden in the United States is preventable through application of existing knowledge. State-level public health practitioners are in ideal positions to affect programs and policies related to chronic disease, but the extent to which mis-implementation occurring with these programs is largely unknown. Mis-implementation refers to ending effective programs and policies prematurely or continuing ineffective ones. Methods A 2018 comprehensive survey assessing the extent of mis-implementation and multi-level influences on mis-implementation was reported by state health departments (SHDs). Questions were developed from previous literature. Surveys were emailed to randomly selected SHD employees across the Unites States. Spearman’s correlation and multinomial logistic regression were used to assess factors in mis-implementation. Results Half (50.7%) of respondents were chronic disease program managers or unit directors. Forty nine percent reported that programs their SHD oversees sometimes, often or always continued ineffective programs. Over 50% also reported that their SHD sometimes or often ended effective programs. The data suggest the strongest correlates and predictors of mis-implementation were at the organizational level. For example, the number of organizational layers impeded decision-making was significant for both continuing ineffective programs (OR=4.70; 95% CI=2.20, 10.04) and ending effective programs (OR=3.23; 95% CI=1.61, 7.40). Conclusion The data suggest that changing certain agency practices may help in minimizing the occurrence of mis-implementation. Further research should focus on adding context to these issues and helping agencies engage in appropriate decision-making. Greater attention to mis-implementation should lead to greater use of effective interventions and more efficient expenditure of resources, ultimately to improve health outcomes.

scholarly journals Community Preferences for Urban Systems Transformation in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4749
Author(s):  
Milo Costanza-van den Belt ◽  
Tayanah O’Donnell ◽  
Robert Webb ◽  
Eleanor Robson ◽  
Robert Costanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
National Workshop ◽  
Systems Transformation

Civil society engagement is important for enabling urban systems transformations that meet community needs. The development of Future Earth Australia’s Sustainable Cities and Regions: A 10-Year Strategy for Urban Systems was underpinned by cross-sectoral workshops in 7 Australian urban areas and interviews with key stakeholders to create a shared vision of both current and desired future urban structure and policy. We then created an online survey to gauge broader community feedback on the vision which emerged from these workshops and interviews, to compare their outcomes with the views of community members who could be directly impacted by urban decision-making. The survey consisted of 35 questions, which were shaped by the issues emerging from the workshops and interviews. The sample was self-selected, and the 641 respondents represented a cross-section of individuals interested in sustainable cities. Our survey results supported and expanded on the major conclusions of FEA’s National workshop and interview processes, including the need to develop transparent and responsive decision-making processes, limit waste and pollution and develop effective housing and transport alternatives with mixed-use neighborhoods and adequate green space.

scholarly journals Patterns and Correlates of Mis-implementation in State Chronic Disease Public Health Practice in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Padek ◽  
Stephanie Mazzucca ◽  
Peg Allen ◽  
Emily Rodriguez Weno ◽  
Edward Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Effective Programs

Abstract Background: Much of the disease burden in the United States is preventable through application of existing knowledge. State-level public health practitioners are in ideal positions to affect programs and policies related to chronic disease, but the extent to which mis-implementation occurring with these programs is largely unknown. Mis-implementation refers to ending effective programs and policies prematurely or continuing ineffective ones. Methods: A 2018 comprehensive survey assessing the extent of mis-implementation and multi-level influences on mis-implementation was reported by state health departments (SHDs). Questions were developed from previous literature. Surveys were emailed to randomly selected SHD employees across the Unites States. Spearman’s correlation and multinomial logistic regression were used to assess factors in mis-implementation. Results: Half (50.7%) of respondents were chronic disease program managers or unit directors. Forty nine percent reported that programs their SHD oversees sometimes, often or always continued ineffective programs. Over 50% also reported that their SHD sometimes or often ended effective programs. The data suggest the strongest correlates and predictors of mis-implementation were at the organizational level. For example, the number of organizational layers impeded decision-making was significant for both continuing ineffective programs (OR=4.70; 95% CI=2.20, 10.04) and ending effective programs (OR=3.23; 95% CI=1.61, 7.40). Conclusion: The data suggest that changing certain agency practices may help in minimizing the occurrence of mis-implementation. Further research should focus on adding context to these issues and helping agencies engage in appropriate decision-making. Greater attention to mis-implementation should lead to greater use of effective interventions and more efficient expenditure of resources, ultimately to improve health outcomes.

scholarly journals Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture at The Institute for Islam Studies Jember

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Risqina Risqina ◽  
Selfi Budi Helpiastuti ◽  
Sasongko Sasongko
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Transformative Leadership ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Transformational Leaders

This study examines transformative leadership and organizational culture implemented in tertiary institutions. Transformational leaders have an impact on the effectiveness of organizational culture. This paper is based on the study of leadership theory, references about the culture of knowledge organizations, which integrate concepts and facts in the field. Of course the transformation process has an impact on organizational culture including students. Not only does it change the work rhythm that is demanded to be bigger, but more students being taken care of are also more complicated. This reality ultimately also has an impact on habits including good employee performance due to the reduced number of present workforce recruited. The purpose of this study is to examine and discuss the characteristics of transformational leadership and organizational culture at Islamic Institute of Religion Jember. This type of research is field research. The research method used is a qualitative research method. While the data collection methods used are interviews, observation and documentation. The validity test of the data used is triangulation, confirmation of reliability, transferability and dependability. While the analysis of the data used is an interactive analysis of Miles Huberman. The results of the conclusions in this study indicate that Transformational Leadership is built by three factors, namely Inspirational in shaping vision and ideas, visionary in articulating vision & mission and intellectual support to achieve targets and goals. Transformational leadership provides a change in work support and team performance. Strong leadership in providing work motivation, stimulating concepts or ideas to group or individual employees can produce harmony in achieving a shared vision, team commitment, work culture and minimal conflict. Transformative leadership needs to improve communication in building a positive organizational culture because communication of leadership and work increases the culture of teamwork, cohesion and conflict. Keywords: Transformational leaders, organizational culture and employee performance

Relating Ndesign to Field Compaction: A Case Study in Minnesota

2022 ◽  
pp. 036119812110654
Author(s):  
Tianhao Yan ◽  
Mugurel Turos ◽  
Chelsea Bennett ◽  
John Garrity ◽  
Mihai Marasteanu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Density Level ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Density Data ◽  
Field Density ◽  
Field Compaction

High field density helps in increasing the durability of asphalt pavements. In a current research effort, the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) have been working on designing asphalt mixtures with higher field densities. One critical issue is the determination of the Ndesign values for these mixtures. The physical meaning of Ndesign is discussed first. Instead of the traditional approach, in which Ndesign represents a measure of rutting resistance, Ndesign is interpreted as an indication of the compactability of mixtures. The field density data from some recent Minnesota pavement projects are analyzed. A clear negative correlation between Ndesign and field density level is identified, which confirms the significant effect of Ndesign on the compactability and consequently on the field density of mixtures. To achieve consistency between the laboratory and field compaction, it is proposed that Ndesign should be determined to reflect the real field compaction effort. A parameter called the equivalent number of gyrations to field compaction effort (Nequ) is proposed to quantify the field compaction effort, and the Nequ values for some recent Minnesota pavement projects are calculated. The results indicate that the field compaction effort for the current Minnesota projects evaluated corresponds to about 30 gyrations of gyratory compaction. The computed Nequ is then used as the Ndesign for a Superpave 5 mixture placed in a paving project, for which field density data and laboratory performance test results are obtained. The data analysis shows that both the field density and pavement performance of the Superpave 5 mixture are significantly improved compared with the traditional mixtures. The results indicate that Nequ provides a reasonable estimation of field compaction effort, and that Nequ can be used as the Ndesign for achieving higher field densities.

Central Information Flows and Decision-Making Requirements

2013 ◽  
pp. 7-32
Author(s):  
Robin J.A. Sharp ◽  
Julie A. Ewald ◽  
Robert Kenward
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
European Union ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
State Level ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Project Partner

Information needs of government for SEA, EIA, and other aspects of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development are studied and reported in this chapter. This includes needs related to biodiversity for land use planning, for operation of the EU Common Agricultural Policy, for agricultural policy more generally, and for Biodiversity Action Plans. Legislation and its implementation are considered at European Union and member state level by direct enquiries and a preliminary questionnaire survey in project partner countries. Preliminary conclusions are drawn and lessons learned for a Pan-European survey.

Emergence of Faith and Politics at the State Level

2017 ◽  
pp. 26-61
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Cultural Divide ◽  
Legislative Decision

This chapter describes the ideological forms and beliefs that are considered either evangelical or liberal. The differences between these two types of faith worldviews influence legislative decision making and inform culture. To the extent that gay issues represent a cultural divide between religious traditionalism and progressivism policy outcomes are impacted by these differences.

Issues in Academic Leadership

2020 ◽  
pp. 220-244
Author(s):  
Uche T. Onyebadi ◽  
Dorothy Bland ◽  
Herman Howard ◽  
Carolyn Walcott
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Governance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Administrative Leadership ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Administrative Positions ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Higher Institutions ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Insight Into

Occupying administrative positions in any organization is an enormous and difficult task, especially in universities and other higher institutions of learning where the culture and conventional practices demand shared governance and collective decision making. Even more complex is when such positions are occupied by minorities who need to weigh a lot of factors in their decision making in order to effectively navigate and accomplish their duties and objectives. This chapter offers a brief theoretical insight into administrative leadership in the academy. More importantly, it provides the narratives of the personal experiences of administrators in the United States and Guyana; people whose gender and racial backgrounds categorize them as minorities. Sharing such experiences aligns with the purpose of this book and also provides some learning opportunities for people in the diaspora who aspire to become administrators in the academy and minorities who are currently doing the job.

Shared Governance and Collective Bargaining

2016 ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Shared Governance ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
American Population ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
American Society

The mobilization of workers through unionization has deep historical roots within American society, more so in the northern regions than in the southern region of this country. Despite these historical roots, some sectors of the American population (i.e., minorities in general and African Americans in particular) who have experienced various forms of discrimination have not fully participated in the unionization movement. In fact, on some HBCU campuses, faculty have no mechanism to participate in the governance of their own university. With the survival and destiny of HBCUs at stake, HBCU faculty must be proactive and engaged to create their own representative voice. This chapter will examine shared governance and leadership, as well as collective bargaining, as agents for faculty representation and conduits for change. Specifically, the development of faculty voice will be discussed as a form of advocacy for meaningful participation and representation by HBCU faculty in decision-making at their universities.

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