Opening the Black Box: A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Effects of Top Management Team Diversity on Emergent Team Processes and Multilevel Contextual Influence

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyuntak Roh ◽  
Kyungmi Chun ◽  
Yeejeong Ryou ◽  
Jooyeon Son
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Top Management Team ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Team Processes

This study attempts to open the black box of top management team (TMT) diversity research by examining the following research questions: (a) how TMT diversity has effects on emergent team processes, (b) when those effects are shaped by key environmental contingencies, and (c) whether emergent team processes mediate the TMT diversity and firm performance relationship. To address these issues, we conduct a series of meta-analytic examination. First, using a sample of 208 effect sizes from 51 studies covering multiple industries across 10 countries, we test how two distinct types of diversity (task- and relations-oriented diversity) are differentially associated with two types of emergent team processes (information elaboration and social categorization) in TMTs. Second, meta-analytic regression analyses are conducted to examine how national culture (power distance and collectivism) and industry characteristics (munificence and dynamism) influence the diversity effects on emergent team processes. Third, we conduct a structural equation modeling analysis to examine the relationships among diversity (input)–information elaboration and social categorization–based processes (mediators)–firm performance (output), incorporating additional 895 effect sizes from 152 studies. Our findings indicate that while relations-oriented diversity has apparent relationships with social categorization–based processes, task-oriented diversity is strongly associated with both information elaboration and social categorization–based processes. Industry munificence and dynamism as well as collectivism in national culture moderate the diversity–social categorization relationships. The result of structural equation modeling also confirms the mediating paths of the TMT diversity–information elaboration/social categorization–performance links.

scholarly journals Anxiety in Athletes: Gender and Type of Sport Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Marco Estêvão Correia ◽  
António Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Individual Sports

The study of anxiety, specifically its relations with sociodemographic variables, has been fruitfull in sport psychology research. This study aimed to investigate athletes’ sport anxiety regarding differences in gender and sport played. An application of structural equation modeling was made, with 601 Portuguese athletes. From them 172 (28.6%) were female and 429 (71.4%) were male. They competed in a variety of individual (e.g., athletics, climbing, orienteering, surfing, swimming, tennis; 42.6%) and team sports (e.g., basketball, handball, rugby, soccer, volleyball; 57.4%). Participants’ age ranged from 12 to 47 years (M = 17.44 years; SD = 4.99). After testing the measurement invariance of the first and second-order models, across gender and type of sport (individual vs. team), latent mean comparisons were investigated and Cohen’s d (1988) statistic was computed to obtain the corresponding effect sizes (Kline, 2016). Significant differences were detected between male and female athletes and between individual and team sports. Female and individual sports athletes presented higher levels of general sports anxiety. The results of this research provided evidence that anxiety is appraised differently by athletes based on their gender and type of sport.

Advanced Mediating Effects Tests, Multi-Group Analyses, and Measurement Model Assessments in PLS-Based SEM

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ned Kock
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pls Method

Use of the partial least squares (PLS) method has been on the rise among e-collaboration researchers. It has also seen increasing use in a wide variety of fields of research. This includes most business-related disciplines, as well as the social and health sciences. The use of the PLS method has been primarily in the context of PLS-based structural equation modeling (SEM). This article discusses a variety of advanced PLS-based SEM uses of critical coefficients such as standard errors, effect sizes, loadings, cross-loadings and weights. Among these uses are advanced mediating effects tests, comprehensive multi-group analyses, and measurement model assessments.

Is it your personality, your boundary leadership or both? An integrative approach for the improvement of school management team effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Benoliel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
School Management ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
External Boundary ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Student Achievements

PurposeReorganizing schools and managing through teams is seen as a way to achieve school goals, especially in educational contexts that are highly focused on measurable student achievements. This shift to shared leadership requires principals to play a key role in promoting school management team (SMT) outcomes. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate how principals' personality traits and behavior complement each other and combine in an integrative model of SMT effectiveness. Specifically, the research aims to examine the mediating role of principals' internal and external boundary activities between principals' traits from the Big Five typology, namely, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience and neuroticism and SMT effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from two sources to minimize problems associated with same-source bias. In total, 92 SMTs and their principals from 92 public schools in Israel participated in the study. Overall, 295 SMT members and 92 principals were included in the sample. Data were aggregated at the school level of analysis. The theoretical model was tested with structural equation modeling. The bootstrapping procedure, to ascertain the presence of indirect effects, was employed.FindingsThe findings of structural equation modeling indicated that principal external activities partially mediated the relationship of conscientiousness and extraversion to SMT effectiveness, providing support for an integrated trait–behavioral model of leadership for SMT effectiveness.Originality/valueAs schools involve increasingly interconnected professional networks based on relationships, acknowledging that SMT effectiveness may be influenced by principals' personality traits that translate into leadership behavior may clarify the implications of principals' traits for educational teams. Importantly, the proposed integrative model points to possible mechanisms linking principal traits, behaviors and effectiveness by positioning principals' boundary activities as one possible mechanism through which principal traits facilitate SMT effectiveness. The findings can help deepen our understanding of which kinds of principals engage in boundary activities, contributing to the discussion of what factors influence principals' practices with implications for school managers' selection practices.

scholarly journals The future is present in the past: A meta-analysis on the longitudinal associations of parent-adolescent relationships with peer and romantic relationships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schulz ◽  
Stefanie Nelemans ◽  
Hana Hadiwijaya ◽  
Theo Klimstra ◽  
Elisabetta Crocetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
The Past ◽  
Longitudinal Associations

Positive peer and romantic relationships are crucial for adolescents’ positive adjustment and relationships with parents lay the foundation for these relationships. This longitudinal meta-analysis examined how supportive and negative parent-adolescent relationships continue into later peer and romantic relationships. Multilevel meta-regressions based on 81 longitudinal studies (559 effect sizes, including 49,769 participants) indicated that supportive and negative parent-adolescent relationships were associated with supportive and negative future peer and romantic relationships. Meta-analytic structural equation modeling based on 48 studies (48 effect sizes, including 14,969 participants) indicated that supportive parent-adolescent relationships unidirectionally predicted supportive and negative future peer relationships, while negative parent-adolescent relationships were bidirectionally associated with supportive and negative peer relationships. Our findings highlight the importance of relationships with parents beyond childhood.

Long-term Persuasive Effects in Narrative Communication Research: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-496
Author(s):  
Corinna Oschatz ◽  
Caroline Marker
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Delayed Measurement ◽  
Persuasive Power ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This meta-analysis builds on the broad and diverse research on the persuasive effects of narrative communication. Researchers have found that narratives are a particularly effective type of message that often has greater persuasive effects than non-narratives immediately after exposure. The present study meta-analyzes whether this greater persuasive power persists over time. Results are based on k1 = 14 studies with k2 = 51 effect sizes for immediate measurement (N = 2,834) and k2 = 66 effect sizes for delayed measurement (N = 2,459). They show that a single narrative message has a stronger persuasive impact than a non-narrative message on attitudes and intentions at immediate as well as on attitudes, intentions, and behaviors at delayed measurement. Both message types did not differently affect the participants’ beliefs. Meta-analytic structural equation modeling confirms transportation as a mediator of immediate persuasive effects.

National culture and public-sector budgeting: the mediating role of country-level institutions using a structural equation modeling approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Zarei ◽  
Hassan Yazdifar ◽  
Mohsen Dahmarde Ghaleno ◽  
Navidreza Namazi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
The World

PurposeDespite cultural dimensions being included in hundreds of business and management research studies, there have been relatively few studies in public-sector accounting that include the use of cultural dimensions. It is posited that national cultural variables impact the institutions, which, in turn, have an influence on public-sector budgeting. The study aims to contribute to the literature by examining these relations in 31 countries.Design/methodology/approachThese relationships are empirically evaluated by structural equation modeling using measures of national culture from Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) study and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGIs) measures named institutions from the World Bank. Furthermore, measures of public-sector budgeting are evaluated in which public-sector budgeting is classified according to the legislative power of the purse and budget transparency.FindingsGenerally, findings reveal that institutions mediate the relationship among national cultural variables and budgeting at the national level. By that means, budgeting in a given nation is linked to the nation's supporting institutions which, in turn, are influenced by the national culture of those who maintain them. Particularly, power distance and uncertainty avoidance impact budgeting through the full mediation of institutions.Research limitations/implicationsThe World Bank's database used for the institutions contained over 200 countries (Kaufmann et al., 2007); the GLOBE cultural database (House et al., 2004) contained data for 62 societies; the public-sector budgeting (Qi and Mensah, 2011) included power of the purse and budgeting transparency country scores for 49 countries and the datasets comprised 31 nations, mostly from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. While smaller than we would have preferred, the size is consistent with other international studies (for instance: Waldman et al., 2006; Kwok and Tadesse, 2006).Practical implicationsThe findings of the paper suggest that any plan to improve a nation's budgeting should consider the links between budgeting, supporting institutions and the culture of those that run them. The formal adoption of new methods and standards by supporting institutions may not be enough without accompanying efforts to transform national culture.Originality/valueThe theoretical contribution of the paper is discussed further in the paper.

scholarly journals MEASURING BRAND EQUITY: THE PERSPECTIVE OF STARBUCKS’ CUSTOMERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-833
Author(s):  
Astrid Puspaningrum ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Brand Association

This study aims to analyze brand loyalty in mediating the effect of brand association and brand awareness on brand equity. The population of this study is customers of Starbucks Coffee in Malang City, with a sample of 160 respondents. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that brand association and brand awareness influenced brand equity, and brand loyalty was able to mediate the effect of brand awareness and brand association on brand equity. To increase brand loyalty, which in turn leads to brand equity, the management team of Starbucks Coffee has to provide a strategy in building brand awareness and brand association. Future researchers can develop this study by adding more variables, for example, is brand trust.

Testing the Assumption of Uncorrelated Errors for Short Scales by Means of Structural Equation Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Beauducel ◽  
Anja Leue
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Error Score ◽  
Classical Test Theory ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
True Score

It is shown that a minimal assumption should be added to the assumptions of Classical Test Theory (CTT) in order to have positive inter-item correlations, which are regarded as a basis for the aggregation of items. Moreover, it is shown that the assumption of zero correlations between the error score estimates is substantially violated in the population of individuals when the number of items is small. Instead, a negative correlation between error score estimates occurs. The reason for the negative correlation is that the error score estimates for different items of a scale are based on insufficient true score estimates when the number of items is small. A test of the assumption of uncorrelated error score estimates by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) is proposed that takes this effect into account. The SEM-based procedure is demonstrated by means of empirical examples based on the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document