How Pharmacists are Rated as a Source of Drug Information by Physician Assistants

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack E. Fincham
Keyword(s):  
Information Sources ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
Physician Assistants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Coefficient Of Concordance ◽  
The Difference

A study to examine physician assistants' (PAs) views of drug information sources was undertaken in a sample of practicing PAs in Georgia. Analysis of Kendall's coefficient of concordance statistic indicated Pharm.D.s were ranked highest as being good sources of drug information of the six categories listed. Next in descending order of classification as good sources of drug information were the categories of journal articles, physicians, non-Pharm.D. pharmacists, detail persons, and physician assistants. A significant correlation was found between PA contact with pharmacists and the classification of pharmacists as good sources of drug information. The difference in rating between Pharm.D.s and journal articles and physicians was not significantly different, but the rating differences between these categories and each of the other sources were statistically significant. Pharm.D. pharmacists were rated higher as a source of drug information than were non-Pharm.D. pharmacists. Results indicate pharmacists are viewed positively as sources of drug information for PAs, and that view increases with contact with pharmacists.

scholarly journals THE CULTIVATION OF TRICHOMONAS OF THE HUMAN MOUTH (TETRATRICHOMONAS HOMINIS)

1917 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokuzo Ohira ◽  
Hideyo Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference

Trichomonades from the mouth were studied by Steinberg who proposed to group them into three distinct types; namely, Trichomonas elongata, Trichomonas caudata, and Trichomonas flagellata. Doflein (3) regards them as probably identical with Trichomonas hominis. Opinions differ as to whether or not Trichomonas vaginalis Donné and Trichomonas hominis Grassi are the same species. Lynch, for instance, believes that they are the same species, while von Prowazek (4), Bensen (5), and others (6, 7) insist that they are different types. Bensen's view seems to be well supported by the difference alleged to be found between the mode of encystment in the two trichomonades, were it not for the fact that our knowledge about the so called cyst of trichomonades is still obscure. According to Alexeieff (8) many of the so called cysts were evidently blastomyces contained in the cell body of the trichomonas. An autogamy alleged to take place in cysts as described by Bohne and von Prowazek (9) has not been confirmed by Dobell (10). And Wenyon (11) contends that it has never been found possible to produce any development of these cysts outside the body on the warm stage as can be done with the cysts of Entamœba coli. Therefore, it is still premature to take the process of encystment into consideration as far as the classification of trichomonas is concerned. On the other hand, Rodenwaldt (12) seems to think that there are many species of trichomonas in the human intestines, and Wenyon has described a new trichomonas from the human intestines (Macrostoma mesnili Wenyon). Further cultural studies in the morphology and biology of these organisms must be carried out in order to solve these problems. In the light of modern investigations there are five subgenera to be included under the genus Trichomonas Donné. They are as follows: (1) Protrichomonas Alexeieff, with three anterior flagella, without an undulating membrane. (2) Trichomastix Biitschli) with three anterior flagella and a trailing flagellum (Schleppgeissel) without an undulating membrane. (3) Trichomonas Donné, with three anterior flagella and an undulating membrane. (4) Macrostoma Alexeieff, Amend, Wenyon (11), with three anterior flagella and an undulating membrane wedged in a deep groove (peristome). (5) Tetratrichomonas Parisi (13), with four anterior flagella and an undulating membrane. As far as our culture trichomonas from the human mouth is concerned, it has been shown that it is not strictly a trichomonas and that it should be classed under the subgenus Tetratrichomonas.

scholarly journals Verification of the Spectral Classification of Stars Using the Hipparcos Catalogue

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Deb ◽  
P. Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Interstellar Extinction ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
Hipparcos Catalogue ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractThe spectral classifications of the stars from spectral data have been corrected from time to time and new spectral and luminosity classes have been assigned. Identifying stars with wrong spectral and luminosity classification has been a stupendous task from the huge catalogue of stars. In this work we describe a simple statistical technique to identify stars with wrong spectral and luminosity classification. We make use of the Hipparcos catalogue which has the most accurate measurement of the distance d of the stars. A comparison is made between the absolute V magnitudes MV computed using the observed V magnitude mV and d, with the standard absolute magnitude MV0 assigned to a spectral and luminosity classification for a large number of stars (with d < 100 pc). As expected, for most of the stars the difference between MV and MV0 lies within the range ±2 mag, due to the intrinsic nature of each star ignored in this generalisation. A systematic error analysis is made of all the observable used in the computation. Therefore to identify stars which we suspect to be wrongly classified, we look for abnormal deviation in |MV – MV0| ≥5. The location of these stars with respect to the galactic plain and interstellar extinction is also investigated to rule out effects due to variations in the interstellar extinction. From our results we see that some of the stars were indeed wrongly classified and have recently been reclassified (SIMBAD). The reclassification drastically reduces the |MV – MV0| deviation. The other stars in the list which have not yet been reclassified need to be spectroscopically investigated and classified again.

scholarly journals Occupational structure of bearers of Jewish rabbinical, occupational and generic surnames

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Alexander Jonathan Vidgop ◽  
Nelly Norton ◽  
Nechama Rosenberg ◽  
Malka Haguel-Spitzberg ◽  
Itzhak Fouxon
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Choice

We study choice of profession in three groups of Russian-speaking Jewish families with different occupational distributions of the ancestors. This study continues exploration of the persistence of social status of families over centuries that was initiated in recent years. It was found previously that in some cases professions remain associated with the same surnames for many generations. Here the studied groups are defined by a class of the surname of individuals composing them. The class serves as a label that indicates a professional bias of the ancestors of the individual. One group are the bearers of the class of surnames which were used by rabbinical dynasties. The other group is constituted by occupational surnames, mostly connected to crafts. Finally, the last group are generic Jewish names defined as surnames belonging to neither of the above groups. We use the self-collected database that consists of 858 and 1057 of the first two groups, respectively, and 7471 generic Jewish surnames. The statistics of the database are those of individuals drawn at random from the considered groups. We determine shares of members of the groups working in a given type of occupations together with the confidence interval. The occupational type’s definition agrees with International Standard Classification of Occupations. It is demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference in the occupational structure of the three groups that holds beyond the uncertainty allowed by 95% confidence interval. We quantify the difference with a numerical measure of the overlap of professional preferences of different groups. We conclude that in our study the occupational bias of different population groups is preserved at least for two centuries that passed since the considered surnames appeared.

scholarly journals Occupational structure of bearers of Jewish rabbinical, occupational and generic surnames

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Alexander Jonathan Vidgop ◽  
Nelly Norton ◽  
Nechama Rosenberg ◽  
Malka Haguel-Spitzberg ◽  
Itzhak Fouxon
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Social Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Choice

We study choice of profession in three groups of Russian-speaking Jewish families with different occupational distributions of the ancestors. This study continues exploration of the persistence of social status of families over centuries that was initiated in recent years. It was found previously that in some cases professions remain associated with the same surnames for many generations. Here the studied groups are defined by a class of the surname of individuals composing them. The class serves as a label that indicates a professional bias of the ancestors of the individual. One group are the bearers of the class of surnames which were used by rabbinical dynasties. The other group is constituted by occupational surnames, mostly connected to crafts. Finally, the last group are generic Jewish names defined as surnames belonging to neither of the above groups. We use the database that consists of 858 and 1057 of the first two groups, respectively, and 7471 generic Jewish surnames. The statistics of the database are those of individuals drawn at random from the considered groups. We determine shares of members of the groups working in a given type of occupations together with the confidence interval. The occupational type’s definition agrees with International Standard Classification of Occupations. It is demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference in the occupational structure of the three groups that holds beyond the uncertainty allowed by 95% confidence interval. We quantify the difference with a numerical measure of the overlap of professional preferences of different groups. We conclude that in our study the occupational bias of different population groups is preserved at least for two centuries that passed since the considered surnames appeared.

Upgrading the Local: Belgian Cuisine in Global Waves

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
peter scholliers ◽  
anneke geyzen
Keyword(s):  
Local Food ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Difference

This essay touches upon questions about the use of food as an identity marker, the nature of local food, and the influence of foreign food. Since 1830, Belgium witnessed two international food waves that alternated with two local food waves, both opposing as well as using each other's characteristics. In this process, local food was continuously redefined. Belgium reveals a relationship between local and foreign food both in the sense of incorporation and exclusion. Foreign food always influenced local cooking and eating. The opposition between the ““self”” and the ““other”” is at times strongly upheld: local food is labeled as ““our,”” ““authentic,”” ““national,”” or ““regional”” (the ““self””) to make the difference with ““their,”” ““artificial,”” or ““international”” (the ““other””). This classification of foodways as national/regional is used to forge sentiments of belonging, especially in Belgium where strong separatist political feelings lead to intense regional reactions.

scholarly journals Perceptual, semantic and affective dimensions of experience of abstract and representational paintings

Psihologija ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Color Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hedonic Tone ◽  
Perceptual Dimension ◽  
Affective Dimension ◽  
Opposite Pole ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semantic Dimension ◽  
Affective Dimensions

In this study the difference between representational and abstract paintings in judgments on perceptual, semantic and affective dimensions was investigated. Two groups of participants judged the sets of representational and abstract paintings on three groups of dimensions: perceptual (Form, Color, Space and Complexity), semantic (Illusion-Construction of Reality, Expression, Ideology and Decoration), and affective (Hedonic Tone, Arousal, Relaxation and Regularity). The results have shown that representational paintings have higher judgments on the perceptual dimensions of Form and Complexity, the semantic dimension of the Illusion of Reality (the opposite pole of the Construction of Reality), and the affective dimension of Regularity. On the other hand, abstract paintings have higher judgments on the perceptual dimension of Color, the semantic dimensions of Construction of Reality (the opposite pole of the Illusion of Reality) and Expression, and the affective dimension Arousal. A discriminant analysis indicated that all three sets of dimensions are relatively good predictors of the classification of representational and abstract paintings (61-100%). The results suggest that the subjective categorization of paintings is generally based on the recognizability of pictorial content (representational vs. abstract), but some formal or stylistic properties play a role in the categorization, as well: some expressionistic representational paintings were classified in an abstract category, and some geometrically abstract paintings were classified as representational.

scholarly journals The Types of Notions in “German Logic” of Christian Wolff

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Ihor Pasitschnyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Christian Wolff ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

The article discusses the problem of classification of notions (Begriffe) by Christian Wolff, particularly in his “German Logic”. Wolff divides notions – as well as representations (Vorstellungen) in general – into obscure (dunkel, obscura) and clear (klar, clara). The clear notions are divided into distinct (deutlich, distincta) and indistinct (undeutlich, indistincta or confusa). And the distinct notions are divided again into complete (ausführlich, completa) and incomplete (unausführlich, incompleta), and on the other hand into adequate (vollständig, adaequata) and inadequate (unvollständig, inadaequata). The aim of the paper is to analyse and to explain these types of notions and in this way to point out the crucial significance of this classification for Wolff’s philosophy. The paper shows that the starting point for understanding of Wolff’s theory of notions in “German Logic” is the correct interpretation of his definition of notion in this work, above all the correct interpretation of the word “Sache”. It is further explained, what it means to have a notion of something by an image and to have a notion of something by bare words. And it is also analysed the difference between obscure, clear (but indistinct), distinct, complete and adequate notions.

scholarly journals Rotary Millstones of the 9th–11th Centuries from the Excavations of the Mangup Princely Palace

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Valentin Gantsev
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
The Difference

Introduction. By the results of excavations of the Palace of Principality of Theodoro (1425–1475), a number of architectural and archaeological sites of the pre-palace and post-palace times were revealed. The cultural layer of the middle 9th–11th centuries in the history of Mangup settlement is quite expressive in the Palace complex. The find of three rotary millstones in this layer testifies the connection of local population with farming. Methods. The study is based on a comparative analysis of medieval rotary millstones of the 9th–11th centuries, which were found on the territory of the Palace of Principality of Theodoro and synchronous monuments of the Crimea and the Khazar Kaganate. Analysis. Millstones from excavations of the Palace are assigned to group I, according to the classification of R.S. Minasyan; according to the typology developed by V.K. Mikheev, one millstone is from type IIA2, the other two are from type IA1. Two millstones opened in a single complex allow to reconstruct a mill device based on the use of manual force. By means of a rotary rod attached at one end to a beam or ceiling, and the other to a side bearing attached to a handstone, the latter was given a rotational movement; the questone was not movable. The gap between millstones was regulated by a thrust bearing; the pivot fixed in the lower millstone centered the slider. The search of analogies to the Mangup millstones on synchronous Crimean monuments is difficult due to the insufficient publication of this category of artifacts (visual similarities are traced with the millstones discovered during excavations of Tepsen, settlements of the Baydarskaya valley, Kyz-Kermen). Results. A comparison with the millstones of the Saltovo-Mayak culture demonstrates the difference in the design of the mill device. Most of the upper millstones discovered in the Saltovo-Mayak settlements have a special recess (sometimes more than one) for a short lever-handle, which makes them more mobile in contrast to the millstones found in the Crimea, the design of which is based on the use of a rotary rod. This fact allows us to talk about different economic and cultural traditions. In addition, millstones could serve not only for grain processing, but also for grinding legumes and oil.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY VESPOIDEA

1900 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 295-296
Author(s):  
William H. Ashmead
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Longitudinal Ridge ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Stone Walls

The majority of the species falling in this subfamily are usually smaller and much less conspicuous than those in the other subfamilies, and with totally different habits. None are true diggers, but, on the contrary, build small oblong, or oval, clay cells, beneath the loose bark of old trees, under stones, or in crevices in old stone walls, etc., not unlike some of the Potter wasps (Eumenidœ).The group comes evidently nearest to the Pepsinœ, the females having, as in that group, a transverse grooved line, impression or emargination on the second ventral segment. From that group, however, it is at once separated by the difference in the legs, the hind tibiæ being smooth, never serrate or spinous, or with a longitudinal ridge, but, at the most, with only a few very minute, scarcely perceptible spines.

Consistency in Latency Measurements and Interpretation of ABR Tracings

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne O. Olsen ◽  
Terri L. Pratt ◽  
Christopher D. Bauch
Keyword(s):  
The Other

Multichannel ABR recordings for 30 otoneurologic patients were reviewed independently by three audiologists to assess interjudge consistency in determining absolute latencies and overall interpretation of ABR results. Four months later, the tracings were reviewed a second time to evaluate intrajudge consistency in interpretation of ABR waveforms. Interjudge agreement in marking latencies for waves I, III, and V within 0.2 ms was on the order of 90% or better. Intrajudge consistency was slightly higher. Only rarely did inter- or intrajudge differences in latency measurements exceed 0.3 ms. Agreement in overall interpretation of ABR results as "normal" or "abnormal" was unanimous for 90% of the patients. Across pairs of judges, the agreement for "normal" and "abnormal" classification of the ABR tracings was 97%. Intrajudge consistency for "normal" and "abnormal" categorization of the ABR results was 100% for one judge, 97% for the other two judges.

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