Thomas Aquinas on Sexual Difference: The Metaphysical Biology and Moral Significance of Human Sexuality

Pro Ecclesia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-215
Author(s):  
Paul Gondreau
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Human Sexuality ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Moral Significance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Biological Design ◽  
Moral Excellence ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Thomas Aquinas offers for his time a novel take on human sexual difference, in that he grounds human sexuality in what we might term a metaphysical biology and accords it a privileged role in the moral life. Though his biology is drawn from Aristotle, which leads Aquinas to make problematic statements on sexual difference, he nonetheless offers a perspective that remains deeply relevant and significant for today. His method or approach of tethering sexual difference first and foremost to our animal-like biological design remains perennial, particularly at a time when many seek to dismiss biology as irrelevant to sexual identity and gender difference. The latest findings of the emerging field of neurobiology, which have uncovered structural differences between the male and female brains, offer key support to Aquinas’s approach. Even more important, he holds, in an unprecedented move, that sexual design and inclination provide a veritable source of moral excellence. He goes so far as to locate the mean of virtue in our sexual design and appetites.

scholarly journals ORAL HEALTH;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894-1898
Author(s):  
Shahid Ali Mirani ◽  
Syed Yousif Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Ameen Sahito
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the dental students’perception about condition of their gums and teeth and prevalence of dental caries. StudyDesign: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Liaquat University of Medical and HealthSciences. Period: July 2011 to December 2011. Material and Method: The sample size was200 students comprising of both male and female. Clinical Oral examination was performedwith the help of mouth mirror and explorer in dental chair. The perception of dental studentsabout condition of their gums and teeth was obtained through questionnaire. Results: Theresults revealed that 25 % of students in present study had dental decay. The mean DMFT scorewas 0.625. Moreover, the mean DMFT score for male and female students was 0.658 and 0.576respectively. The results about distribution of DMFT components indicated that the decayed(D) teeth were in greatest number followed by filled (F) and missed (M) teeth. Conclusion:There was statistically no significant association between dental caries and gender. Moreover,prevalence of dental caries was significantly different between those who perceived their gumsand teeth condition excellent and good compared to the students who perceived their gumsand teeth condition as poor.

Assessment of Gender Dimorphism Using Cephalometry in Iranian Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Ghaffari ◽  
Babak Ebrahimi ◽  
Zohreh Nazmara ◽  
Mostafa Nemati ◽  
Masoumeh Dodangeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Data ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Cranial Capacity ◽  
Gender Dimorphism ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cranial Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Many

Abstract Cephalic indices is useful for evaluating racial and gender differences. In this study, we aimed to asses Gender Dimorphism Using cephalometry in the Iranian Population. Different variables like cranial length (CL), cranial width (CW), and cranial height (CH) were measured and cranial index (CI), cranial capacity (CC), and brain weight of 400 Iranian volunteers were calculated. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS 22.0. There were significant differences in the mean value of all nasofacial parameters (P<0.05). The highest sensitivity and specificity to predict the gender dimorphism were related to FL and FW (0.990 and 0.97) and (0.970 and 0.94), respectively. Considering the differences between male and female cranial structures, can be useful in forensic medicine and designing neurosurgical and ergonomic instruments in addition, to distinguish and discover the gender of the humans related to the many years ago.

Elite Male and Female 800-m Runners’ Display of Different Pacing Strategies During Season-Best Performances

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1344-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Filipas ◽  
Emiliano Nerli Ballati ◽  
Matteo Bonato ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
Maria Francesca Piacentini
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Purpose: To analyze the pacing profiles of the world’s top 800-m annual performances between 2010 and 2016, comparing men’s and women’s strategies. Methods: A total of 142 performances were characterized for overall race times and 0-to-200-m, 200-to-400-m, 400-to-600-m, and 600-to-800-m split times using available footage from YouTube. Only the best annual performance for each athlete was considered. Overall race and split speed were calculated so that each lap speed could be expressed as a percentage of the mean race speed. Results: The mean speed of the men’s 800-m was 7.73 (0.06) m·s−1, with the 0-to-200-m split faster than the others. After the first split, the speed decreased significantly during the 3 subsequent splits (P < .001). The mean speed of the women’s 800-m was 6.77 (0.05) m·s−1, with a significative variation in speed during the race (P < .001). The first split was faster than the others (P < .001). During the rest of the race, speed was almost constant, and no difference was observed between the other splits. Comparison between men and women revealed that there was an interaction between split and gender (P < .001), showing a different pacing behavior in 800-m competitions. Conclusions: The world’s best 800-m performances revealed an important difference in the pacing profile between men and women. Tactics could play a greater role in this difference, but physiological and behavioral characteristics are likely also important.

Development of Race Profiles for the Performance of a Simulated 2000-m Rowing Race

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Kennedy ◽  
Gordon J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Critical Power ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Accumulated Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this study was to determine the race profile for a 2000-m simulated rowing race as well as the effect of training and gender on the race profile. Nineteen men and 19 women undertook a 2000-m simulated rowing race before and after 10 weeks of a typical off-season training program for rowing. Velocity was calculated every 200 m and the deviation in velocities from the mean race velocity (MRV) was plotted every 200 m to produce race profiles for each gender before and after training. The three fastest male rowers varied approximately 0.02 m•s−1 from the MRV after training and displayed a constant-pace model. The fastest female rowers displayed an all-out strategy after training, producing large deviations from MRV. Average squared deviations from the mean (SDM) determined that all groups except the fastest females had a reduction in MRV deviation after training. These results suggest that the optimal race profile for a simulated 2000-m rowing race may be different between genders. Training reduces SDM and influences both male and female pacing patterns such that both exhibit a pacing strategy that is more similar to that of elite athletes in other events of similar and shorter duration. Key words: maximal oxygen consumption, critical power, pacing strategy, critical velocity, accumulated oxygen deficit

Femme Fatale or Lesbian Femme

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Straayer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Film Noir ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Femme Fatale ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Creative Capacity ◽  
Double Cross

This chapter analyzes the neo-noir Bound (1996). It shows how the splitting of sex from gender liberates generic conventions in the service of protagonists who, enacting a lesbian romance in film noir, avail themselves of generic formulas to double-cross the villains. Analyzing the creative capacity of noir gender “to turn cartwheels on both male and female characters within a system of sexual difference,” the chapter shows how Bound—self-consciously playing on the debated identities of butch, femme, and feminine—generates different-sex erotics through same-gender protagonists. Through such playful manipulations, the film opens up flexible reimaginings of sex and gender across the spectrum of gay and straight as alternatives to rigidifying heterosexual and homosexual binaries.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Soft Tissue Standard and Gender Dimorphism in Nasal Prominence estimated By Holdaway's Analysis in Patients visiting College of Dentistry, Aljouf University

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
Ibadullah Kundi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gender Dimorphism ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level Of Significance

ABSTRACT Introduction The objectives were to see the nasal prominence norm and the gender dimorphism in nasal prominence measured by Holdaway's soft tissue analysis. Materials and methods The sample size was 100 (50 males and 50 females). The subjects included in the study were of Saudi origin with class I skeletal and dental relationship and all teeth present. The age group of the patients was between 18 and 28 years. The radiographs were traced and analyzed by two students and cross-checked by an orthodontist. The nasal prominence was measured according to the technique described by Holdaway. Results The descriptive statistics were calculated for both male and female groups. The mean value of nasal prominence when male and female samples were combined was 14.08 mm. No statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.083) when genders were compared. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Conclusion No statistically significant difference was found when genders were compared. The value for males was normal while the value for females was less than Holdaway's normal. Clinical significance These values would aid in treatment planning for orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment. How to cite this article Kundi I. Cephalometric Soft Tissue Standard and Gender Dimorphism in Nasal Prominence estimated by Holdaway's Analysis in Patients visiting College of Dentistry, Aljouf University. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18(2):152-155.

scholarly journals Sekse- en genderdualiteit in discussie. Spreken over mannelijk en vrouwelijk in kerk en theologie

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-158
Author(s):  
D.J. Steensma
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Human Sexuality ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Model ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
And Gender

Speaking about two sexes and two kinds of gender connected with those sexes is the consequence of an ideology that disconnects the gender role and identity from the sex. Gender identity is according to this ideology a choice. The notion of two sexes is a modern invention; premodernity knew of only one sex. The experience of friction between sex and gender identities reinforces uncertainty, as does that of persons who have both male and female sexual characteristics. Some theologians argue in favour of abandoning the binary male-female model of human sexuality. This article argues that contemporary discussions of human sexuality challenge church and theology in the tradition of the Reformation to think through and define their position.

Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Naturalness in Speakers of Varying Gender Identities

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2054-2069
Author(s):  
Brandon Merritt ◽  
Tessa Bent
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Speech Training ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Speech Naturalness

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how speech naturalness relates to masculinity–femininity and gender identification (accuracy and reaction time) for cisgender male and female speakers as well as transmasculine and transfeminine speakers. Method Stimuli included spontaneous speech samples from 20 speakers who are transgender (10 transmasculine and 10 transfeminine) and 20 speakers who are cisgender (10 male and 10 female). Fifty-two listeners completed three tasks: a two-alternative forced-choice gender identification task, a speech naturalness rating task, and a masculinity/femininity rating task. Results Transfeminine and transmasculine speakers were rated as significantly less natural sounding than cisgender speakers. Speakers rated as less natural took longer to identify and were identified less accurately in the gender identification task; furthermore, they were rated as less prototypically masculine/feminine. Conclusions Perceptual speech naturalness for both transfeminine and transmasculine speakers is strongly associated with gender cues in spontaneous speech. Training to align a speaker's voice with their gender identity may concurrently improve perceptual speech naturalness. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12543158

Leadership and Gender Stereotyping of Emotions

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Fischbach ◽  
Philipp W. Lichtenthaler ◽  
Nina Horstmann
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Expression ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Leadership Perceptions ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
General Managers ◽  
Leadership Success ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Successful Manager

Abstract. People believe women are more emotional than men but it remains unclear to what extent such emotion stereotypes affect leadership perceptions. Extending the think manager-think male paradigm ( Schein, 1973 ), we examined the similarity of emotion expression descriptions of women, men, and managers. In a field-based online experiment, 1,098 participants (male and female managers and employees) rated one of seven target groups on 17 emotions: men or women (in general, managers, or successful managers), or successful managers. Men in general are described as more similar to successful managers in emotion expression than are women in general. Only with the label manager or successful manager do women-successful manager similarities on emotion expression increase. These emotion stereotypes might hinder women’s leadership success.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

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