The Art and Science of Fitting Shoes

Foot & Ankle ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis J. Janisse
Keyword(s):  
Art And Science ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Shoe Size ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
The One ◽  
Shoe Shape

The two primary components of achieving proper shoe fit are shoe shape and shoe size. Shoe shape refers to the shape of both the sole and the upper. Proper fit is achieved when shoe shape is matched to foot shape. Shoe size is determined by arch length rather than overall foot length. The proper shoe size is the one that accommodates the first metatarsal joint in the widest part of the shoe. A set of seven guidelines for achieving proper shoe fit is offered. Properly fitting shoes are important in avoiding foot discomfort and deformity, and are absolutely essential in patients with arthritis, diabetes, and other foot disorders.

scholarly journals Somatic Narratives about Illness. Biometric Visualization of Diseased and Disabled Bodies in Art and Science Projects

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ewelina Twardoch-Raś
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Open Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Science Projects ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
The One ◽  
Tools And Methods

This article proposes investigating how the problem of chronic and deadly diseases and bodily injuries is explored in selected contemporary artistic projects based on biometric technologies and medical imaging. All of the projects that will be analysed use specific medical tools and methods (e.g., roentgenography or bio-tracking) to provide detailed, affective images of disability and illness. Nonetheless, these projects were created as pieces of art that combine visual and verbal elements: photographs, collages, and other illustrated stories (e.g., “biometric diaries” or open-source art). On the one hand, they show the “inner” and often invisible face of illness and suffering, but on the other hand they also raise questions related to algorithmic reductionism and politicization of such forms of representation of disease. This article will focus on artistic projects created by Diane Covert, Salvatore Iaconesi and Laurie Frick. It refers to the ‘ethos of health’ and the conception of ethopolitics (Nicolas Rose) to show the place in contemporary biopolitical society of illness (Thomas Lemke), which can be seen as an exceptional form of the body’s condition. Moreover, it considers the problem of the politicization of the biological body and affective experiences (Britta Timm Knudsen and Carsten Stage) and the category of untold histories explored by Joanne Garde-Hansen and Kristyn Gorton.

The Relationship Between Wearing Incorrectly Sized Shoes and Foot Dimensions, Foot Pain, and Diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Paiva de Castro ◽  
José Rubens Rebelatto ◽  
Thaís Rabiatti Aurichio
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Ankle Pain ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Shoe Size ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Wearing inappropriate shoes can cause biomechanical imbalance, foot problems, and pain and induce falls.Objective:To verify the prevalence of wearing incorrectly sized shoes and the relationship between incorrectly sized shoes and foot dimensions, pain, and diabetes among older adults.Design:A cross-sectional study.Participants:399 older adults (227 women and 172 men) age 60 to 90 y.Main Outcome Measures:The participants were asked about the presence of diabetes, pain in the lower limbs and back, and pain when wearing shoes. Foot evaluations comprised the variables of width, perimeter, height, length, first metatarsophalangeal angle, the Arch Index, and the Foot Posture Index. The data analysis was performed using a 2-sample t test and chi-square test.Results:The percentage of the participants wearing shoe sizes bigger than their foot length was 48.5% for the women and 69.2% for the men. Only 1 man was wearing a shoe size smaller than his foot length. The older adults wearing the incorrect shoe size presented larger values for foot width, perimeter, and height than those wearing the correct size, but there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the Arch Index and the Foot Posture Index. Incorrectly sized shoes were associated with ankle pain in women but not with diabetes. Men were more likely to wear incorrectly fitting shoes. The use of correctly sized shoes was associated with back pain in women.Conclusions:The use of incorrectly sized shoes was highly prevalent in the population studied and was associated with larger values for foot width, perimeter, and height and with ankle pain.

scholarly journals Does the shoe really fit? Characterising ill-fitting footwear among community dwelling older adults: an observational cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian O'Rourke ◽  
Mary E Walsh ◽  
Rachael Brophy ◽  
Shanice Vallely ◽  
Niamh Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Shoe Size ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background : Falls in older people are common and can result in loss of confidence, fear of falling, restriction in activity and loss of independence. Causes of falls are multi-factorial. There is a paucity of research assessing the footwear characteristics among older people who are at high risk of falls, internationally and in the Irish setting. The aim of this study was to examine the proportion of older adults attending a geriatric day hospital in Ireland who were wearing incorrectly sized shoes. Methods : A consecutive sample of 111 older adults aged 60 years and over attending a geriatric day hospital in a large Irish teaching hospital was recruited. Demographic data including age, mobility, medications, co-habitation status, footwear worn at home and falls history were recorded. Shoe size and foot length were measured in millimetres using an internal shoe gauge and SATRA shoe size stick, respectively. Participants’ self-reported shoe size was recorded. Footwear was assessed using the Footwear Assessment Form (FAF). A Timed Up and Go (TUG) score was recorded. Functional independence was assessed using the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) Scale. The primary outcome of interest in this study was selected as having footwear within the suggested range (10 to 15mm) on at least one foot. Participants who met this definition were compared to those with ill-fitting footwear on both feet using Chi-square tests, T-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests. Results : The mean difference between shoe length and foot length was 18.6mm (SD: 9.6mm). Overall, 72% of participants were wearing footwear that did not fit correctly on both feet, 90% had shoes with smooth, partly worn or fully worn sole treading and 67% reported wearing slippers at home. Participant age, TUG score and NEADL score were not associated with ill-fitting footwear. Conclusions : Wearing incorrectly fitting shoes and shoes with unsafe features was common among older adults attending geriatric day services in this study. A large number of participants reported wearing slippers at home.

The Wilkins lecture, 1988 hand and mind in time measurement: the contributions of art and science

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Trinity College ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stable Frequency ◽  
The One ◽  
Escapement Mechanism

I was dining some years ago at the Society of Fellows—a now venerable Harvard institution modelled largely on the Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge—and had the good fortune to be seated next to a handsome grey-haired gentleman by the name of Norman Ramsey. What do you do? I asked. I’m a physicist, he said. What kind of physics? I measure time. Imagine that, I said, it so happens that I’m writing a book on the history of time measurement. Well it was a good dinner, and I learnt a great deal about today’s methods of high-frequency time measurement, of which more later. But the one sentence that made the most impression on me and that I have never forgotten was the remark: ‘Any stable frequency is a clock. The counting we can leave to the technicians. ’ The importance of this remark, to me at least, was twofold. First it transformed my sense of the priorities. All the material I had been reading on antiquarian horology and the history of clockmaking focused on the escapement mechanism: that part of the clock which, among other things, counts the beats and thus ticks the passing of time. Now I came to understand (why hadn’t I understood this sooner?) the primary significance in time measurement of the controller—the device that generates the frequency whose even rhythm tries to match the perfectly even units of ideal passing time.

Update on Women's Footwear

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 328-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Frey ◽  
Francesca Thompson ◽  
Judith Smith
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Shoe Size ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Heel Width

Shoes have been implicated as being responsible for the majority of foot deformities and problems that physicians encounter in women. In our original study of 356 women, the majority of women studied wore shoes that were too small for their feet, had foot pain and deformity, and had increased in shoe size since the age of 20. The women without foot pain or deformities also wore shoes that were smaller than their feet but to a lesser degree. In the present study, data on 255 of the original 356 women are evaluated. Tracings were made of the standing foot and the shoe. Measurements were made of forefoot and the heel width. An index of forefoot width to heel width was developed. The indices do not vary much among women. Based on linear measurements, as forefoot width increases, so does heel width. As foot length increases, forefoot width increases to a greater extent than heel width.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN ALAT UKUR PANJANG KAKI DAN PENENTU STOK SEPATU YANG TERSEDIA SECARA DIGITAL MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO MEGA 2560 BERBASIS WEBSITE

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Asep Hermawan ◽  
Abdul Muid ◽  
Irma Nirmala
Keyword(s):  
Main Function ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Shoe Size ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Device Test ◽  
Selection Of

<p><em>Shoes have become a necessity and human lifestyle in keeping with the times. The main function of the shoe is to protect the foot from being injured due to environmental conditions. Shoe size is also a factor that influences the safety and comfort of activities so that the right size shoes are needed.For the sake of comfort in doing activities, shoes with the right size are needed to reduce injury. Some foot injuries can be caused due to incorrect selection of shoes so that they have a bad impact on the feet. To answer these problem, digital foot length measuring device will be made in this study using LDR sensor and diodesIn addition, this device can also recommend the right shoe sizes from various shoe brands available on the website page. To connect supporting software and hardware it will be managed by Arduino MEGA. Test results on 40 samples indicate that the system can recommend shoe sizes to users with a high level of suitability. Digital device test results obtained difference between 0cm - 1cm with a tolerance value of 1cm. On manual measurements of user's foot length and shoe size obtained a difference between 0,4cm – 1,5cm with a tolerance value of 1,5cm.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Shoe Size, LDR Sensor, Arduino MEGA, Website</em><strong> </strong></p><p><em>Sepatu </em><em>sudah</em><em> menjadi kebutuhan dan g</em><em>aya hidup </em><em>manusia dalam mengikuti perkembangan zaman. Fungsi utama s</em><em>epatu </em><em>adalah </em><em>melindungi kaki agar tidak cedera karena kondisi lingkungan</em><em>. Ukuran sepatu juga menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi keamanan dan </em><em>kenyamanan dalam beraktivitas</em><em> sehingga </em><em> dibutuhkan sepatu dengan ukuran yang </em><em>tepat.</em><em> </em><em>Beberapa cedera kaki dapat disebabkan  karena salah dalam pemilihan ukuran sepatu sehingga berdampak buruk bagi kaki. Untuk m</em><em>enjawab permasalahan tersebut,</em><em> </em><em>dalam penelitian ini direalisasikan alat ukur panjang telapak kaki secara digital menggunakan sensor LDR dan Dioda. Selain itu alat ini juga dapat merekomendasikan ukuran sepatu yang tepat dari berbagai merek sepatu yang tersedia di halaman website. Untuk menghubungkan perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras pendukung maka akan diatur oleh Arduino MEGA. Hasil pengujian pada 40 sampel menunjukkan bahwa sistem dapat merekomendasikan ukuran sepatu kepada pengguna dengan tingkat kesesuaian yang tinggi. Pengujian alat digital diperoleh selisih antara 0cm – 1cm dengan nilai toleransi sebesar 1cm. Untuk pengukuran manual panjang kaki dan ukuran sepatu pengguna didapatkan selisih antara 0,4cm – 1,5cm dengan nilai toleransi sebesar 1,5cm.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci</em></strong><em> : Ukuran Sepatu, Sensor LDR, Arduino MEGA, Website</em></p>

scholarly journals Technologies of Spectacle and ‘The Birth of the Modern World’

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Kati Röttger
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Knowledge Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The article unfolds a proposal to approach a history of spectacle. With a specific focus on technologies of spectacle it tends to trace the interconnectedness of technics, art and science events across disciplinary and geographical borders at the cusp of modernity around 1800 in Europe. Technics, arts and science went hand in hand to produce a new spectacular knowledge culture resulting from the relation of both analogy and causality between industrial transformation and the social revolution. It is claimed that on the one hand the arrival of new technologies like the steam machine, electricity, magnetism and so on produced the spectacular; on the other hand, spectacular practices like panorama, diorama, and phantasmagoria right up to the melodrama (all emerging in that time) took intrinsically part in the formation of modern societies.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF FOOT LENGTH AND SHOE SIZE IN MALE AND FEMALE ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL ZONES

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
N.V. Pats ◽  
E.V. Zvyagina
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Shoe Size ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

The purpose of the study is to compare the length of the left and right feet, as well as the shoe size in 19 year old adolescents living in different geographical zones. Foot-measuring device was used to measure the length of the foot in 222 people living in various regions of Belarus and the Southern Urals. We assessed the size of shoes worn by girls and boys. The study was conducted at the same period of day in the interval from 12.00 to 13.00, in the same microclimate conditions (room temperature +20 C, relative humidity – 51%, air velocity – 0, 2 m/s. The findings obtained show an increase in the length of the foot in 19 year old girls compared to the average values in this age group. The girls living in the Grodno region had a 0.47 cm longer foot than the girls living in the Brest region and 0.5 cm longer than girls living in the Minsk region. There are differences in the size between the left and right feet for the girls living in the Grodno and Brest regions: for girls from the Grodno region, the difference is 0.04 cm, and for girls living in the Minsk region – 0.02 cm. The average foot length of 19-year-old girls living in the Grodno region of Belarus differs significantly (p<0.05) from the foot length of girls in the Southern Urals. The difference makes up 1.5118 cm of the right foot and 1.6384 cm of the left foot. The feet in the residents of the Brest region (right 1, 1330 cm, left-1, 1616 cm) is longer than that of 19-year-old girls in the Southern Urals. The difference in foot length between girls from the Minsk region and the southern Urals is 1, 0358 cm for the right foot, and 1, 0814 cm for the left. The feet of boys living in Belarus is longer than that of the boys from the Southern Urals for the right foot by 0.7921 cm and for the left foot by 0.8957 cm. 19-year-old residents of the Grodno region wear shoes of a larger size than the girls of the same age from the Southern Urals.

The Art of Science: Nineteenth-Century Theory and the Logic of Practice

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-46
Author(s):  
Philipp Erchinger
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Logical Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
William Paley ◽  
The One ◽  
William Whewell

This chapter examines how nineteenth-century philosophers from William Paley and Charles Darwin to John S. Mill and William Whewell described and debated the relations between art and science as well as practice and theory. Offering close readings of Paley’s Natural Theology and of various passages from Charles Darwin’s work on breeding and gardening, the chapter distinguishes between two conceptions of art in the sense of skilful practice: art as guided by knowledge and different from nature on the one hand and art as productive of knowledge as well as continuous with an evolving nature on the other. As the chapter argues, these two notions of art played a key role in a controversy between John S. Mill and William Whewell that was carried out, between 1840 and 1872, through successive editions of their published works. Engaging closely with the style and spirit in which this debate was conducted, the chapter shows that Mill and Whewell argued from radically different conceptions of what ‘science’ means. As a result, they disagreed, for instance, about the very question of what constitutes a logical form of argument or proof.

Amputation of the Great Toe

Foot & Ankle ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman K. Poppen ◽  
Roger A. Mann ◽  
Mark O'Konski ◽  
Harry J. Buncke ◽  
Melvin H. Jahss
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Great Toe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
The One ◽  
Everyday Function

Four patients who had undergone reimplantation of the great toe to create a thumb were studied. The follow-up period ranged from 29 to 62 months. In all cases, the great toe was disarticulated at the metatarsophalangeal joint. The patients felt their feet functioned at approximately 85% of normal, and none had any significant complaint of metatarsalgia. The one patient who participated in sports after the surgery noted that it was difficult to “push off” moving away from the involved foot. X-ray examination demonstrated retraction of the sesamoids, which accounted for the increased plantar flexion of the first metatarsal shaft. The second metatarsophalanageal joint drifted into varus an average of 8°. The Harris mat demonstrated that there was an increase in weightbearing beneath the second and third metatarsal heads. It appears as though, on the basis of this study, the loss of the great toe in this manner does not significantly affect the normal everyday function of an individual's foot.

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