Update on Women's Footwear

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 328-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Frey ◽  
Francesca Thompson ◽  
Judith Smith
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Shoe Size ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Heel Width

Shoes have been implicated as being responsible for the majority of foot deformities and problems that physicians encounter in women. In our original study of 356 women, the majority of women studied wore shoes that were too small for their feet, had foot pain and deformity, and had increased in shoe size since the age of 20. The women without foot pain or deformities also wore shoes that were smaller than their feet but to a lesser degree. In the present study, data on 255 of the original 356 women are evaluated. Tracings were made of the standing foot and the shoe. Measurements were made of forefoot and the heel width. An index of forefoot width to heel width was developed. The indices do not vary much among women. Based on linear measurements, as forefoot width increases, so does heel width. As foot length increases, forefoot width increases to a greater extent than heel width.

scholarly journals Common foot deformities among Malaysian women: wearing incorrectly sized shoes

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Shaliza Mohd Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sizing System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Malaysian Women

Several foot deformities have been identified in Malaysian women due to wearing shoes which do not fit the size and shape of their feet. Hallux valgus (bunions), corn, cellules and ingrown toenail are among the common deformities experienced by Malaysian women. The root of this issue is that the Malaysian footwear market has adopted foreign shoe size standards such as those from the US and UK. This means that Malaysian women face difficulties in obtaining correctly-sized shoes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop and propose a standard shoe sizing system for women in Malaysia based on anthropometric measurements of Malaysian women’s foot sizes and shapes. Women from Malaysia’s primary ethnic groups (Malay, Chinese, and Indian) aged 20 to 60 years old participated in this project, where the anthropometric measurements for their foot size and shapes were obtained using a 3D foot scanner. Regression analysis in the form of Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was performed to determine the association between a few attributes including foot measurements and the existence of the foot deformities. Foot length and Ball girth circumference have significant association with the foot deformities (FL: p = .028 and BG: p = .045). The new standard shoe sizing system has been developed ith more accurate sizes and shapes, it is hoped that the foot deformities problem could be solved or at least reduced the foot pain.

American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Women's Shoe Survey

Foot & Ankle ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Frey ◽  
Francesca Thompson ◽  
Judith Smith ◽  
Melanie Sanders ◽  
Helen Horstman
Keyword(s):  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Shoe Size ◽  
American Orthopaedic ◽  
Shoe Wear

Shoes have been implicated as being responsible for the majority of foot deformities and problems that physicians encounter in women. A total of 356 women were studied in this investigation to evaluate trends in women's shoe wear and their effect on the development of foot deformities and pain. The majority of women in this study wore shoes that were too small for their feet, had foot pain and deformity, and had increased shoe size since the age of 20. Few women had their feet measured in over 5 years. The women without foot pain or deformities also wore shoes that were smaller than their feet but to a lesser degree.

scholarly journals Foot function and strength of patients with diabetes grouped by ulcer risk classification (IWGDF)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane S. S. P. Ferreira ◽  
João P. Panighel ◽  
Érica Q. Silva ◽  
Renan L. Monteiro ◽  
Ronaldo H. Cruvinel Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Stratification System

Abstract Background The stratification system from the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) was used to classify the participants as to the ulcer risk. However, it is not yet known what the classification groups’ individual deficits are regarding sensitivity, function, and musculoskeletal properties and mechanics. This makes it difficult to design proper ulcer prevention strategies for patients. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the foot function, foot strength and health of people with diabetes mellitus (DM)—with or without DPN—while considering the different ulcer risk classifications determined by the IWGDF. Methods The subject pool comprised 72 people with DM, with and without DPN. The patients were divided into three groups: Group 0 (G0), which comprised diabetic patients without DPN; Group 1 (G1), which comprised patients with DPN; and Group 2 (G2), which comprised patients with DPN who had foot deformities. The health and foot function of the subjects’ feet were assessed using a foot health status questionnaire (FHSQ-BR) that investigated four domains: foot pain, foot function, footwear, and general foot health. The patients’ foot strength was evaluated using the maximum force under each subject’s hallux and toes on a pressure platform (emed q-100, Novel, Munich, Germany). Results Moderate differences were found between G0 and G1 and G2 for the foot pain, foot function, general foot health, and footwear. There was also a small but significant difference between G0 and G2 in regards to hallux strength. Conclusion Foot health, foot function and strength levels of people with DM and DPN classified by the ulcer risk are different and this must be taken into account when evaluating and developing treatment strategies for these patients.

scholarly journals Angular and linear measurements of adult flexible flatfoot via weight-bearing CT scans and 3D bone reconstruction tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Ortolani ◽  
Alberto Leardini ◽  
Chiara Pavani ◽  
Silvia Scicolone ◽  
Mauro Girolami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frames ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Shape Reconstruction ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Linear Measurements

AbstractAcquired adult flatfoot is a frequent deformity which implies multiple, complex and combined 3D modifications of the foot skeletal structure. The difficult thorough evaluation of the degree of severity pre-op and the corresponding assessment post-op can now be overcome by cone-beam (CBCT) technology, which can provide access to the 3D skeletal structure in weight-bearing. This study aims to report flatfoot deformities originally in 3D and in weight-bearing, with measurements taken using two different bone segmentation techniques. 21 such patients, with indication for surgical corrections, underwent CBCT (Carestream, US) while standing on one leg. From these scans, 3D models of each bone of the foot were reconstructed by using two different state-of-the-art segmentation tools: a semi-automatic (Mimics Innovation Suite, Materialise, Belgium), and an automatic (Bonelogic Ortho Foot and Ankle, Disior, Finland). From both reconstructed models, Principal Component Analysis was used to define anatomical reference frames, and original foot and ankle angles and other parameters were calculated mostly based on the longitudinal axis of the bones, in anatomical plane projections and in 3D. Both bone model reconstructions revealed a considerable valgus of the calcareous, plantarflexion and internal rotation of the talus, and typical Meary’s angles in the lateral and transverse plane projections. The mean difference from these angles between semi-automatic and automatic segmentations was larger than 3.5 degrees for only 3 of the 32 measurements, and a large number of these differences were not statistically significant. CBCT and the present techniques for bone shape reconstruction finally provide a novel and valuable 3D assessment of complex foot deformities in weight-bearing, eliminating previous limitations associated to unloaded feet and bidimensional measures. Corresponding measurements on the bone models from the two segmentation tools compared well. Other more representative measurements can be defined in the future using CBCT and these techniques.

The Art and Science of Fitting Shoes

Foot & Ankle ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis J. Janisse
Keyword(s):  
Art And Science ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Shoe Size ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
The One ◽  
Shoe Shape

The two primary components of achieving proper shoe fit are shoe shape and shoe size. Shoe shape refers to the shape of both the sole and the upper. Proper fit is achieved when shoe shape is matched to foot shape. Shoe size is determined by arch length rather than overall foot length. The proper shoe size is the one that accommodates the first metatarsal joint in the widest part of the shoe. A set of seven guidelines for achieving proper shoe fit is offered. Properly fitting shoes are important in avoiding foot discomfort and deformity, and are absolutely essential in patients with arthritis, diabetes, and other foot disorders.

scholarly journals Surrender to win: Constructions of 12-step recovery from alcoholism and drug addiction

2020 ◽  
pp. 136345932091283
Author(s):  
Cosmo Duff Gordon ◽  
Carla Willig
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Alcoholics Anonymous ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Original Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
Narcotics Anonymous ◽  
Care Of The Self ◽  
Practice Care

This article focuses on the ways in which members of Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous construct themselves as being in recovery from addiction. In this original study, data were taken from 19 participants. They were analysed using Willig’s six-stage Foucauldian discourse analytic method. This method is suited to enabling the analyst to locate discourse resources used by participants within broader, dominant, discourses, and for exploration of the implications of these constructions for subjectivity and practice. This article presents a discussion of analytic findings. Mainstream academia has often constructed 12-Step recovery as a largely totalising discourse. This is likely to have negatively prejudiced health professionals and may help explain relatively low referral rates into 12-Step resources for addicted clients. However, our analysis suggested that participants constructed themselves not as subjected by Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous discourse, but as drawing on it in ways aligned with agency, in order to practice care of the self in pursuit of various ethical goals. This implies 12-Step recovery to be less antithetical to, and indeed more aligned with, humanistic practitioner values than is perhaps often assumed to be the case. This finding suggests that practitioners may need to consider reappraising their view of 12-Step recovery. The discussion will therefore focus on the agency-structure dialectic that seemed to be at the heart of participant constructions of addiction and recovery. It is also a finding which points to an urgent need for more qualitative studies in the currently under-researched, and hence perhaps poorly understood, area of 12-Step recovery from addiction.

Reference Values for Valve Circumferences and Ventricular Wall Thicknesses of Fetal and Neonatal Hearts

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin E. Oyer ◽  
C. James Sung ◽  
Rebecca Friedman ◽  
Katrine Hansen ◽  
Monique De Paepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Ventricular Wall ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Valvular Stenosis ◽  
The Mean

To evaluate valvular stenosis, cardiac dilation, and/or cardiac hypertrophy, measurements of valve circumference and ventricular wall thickness are of importance. To establish reference values in fetuses and neonates, we reviewed pathology reports at Women and Infants Hospital from 1978 through 2002 and found measurements in 776 cases that were suitable for analysis. Gestational ages (GA) ranged from 15 to 42 wk. The tabulated data include the mean, standard deviation, and 10th and 90th percentile values for foot length, body weight, body length, heart weight, valve measurements, and ventricular wall thicknesses for each week of GA. In cases in which clinical dating is not reliable, we estimated the GA by the mean value nearest that of the observed foot length. All linear measurements increased in a linear fashion throughout the second and third trimesters of development. The circumferences of cardiac valves at all ages, in descending order of magnitude, are: tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary, and aortic. Mean left ventricular (LV) wall thickness is greater than mean right ventricular (RV) wall thickness throughout gestation. The tables offer a means of determining valvular stenosis, or cardiac dilation and/or hypertrophy, based on various gestational ages.

The Relationship Between Wearing Incorrectly Sized Shoes and Foot Dimensions, Foot Pain, and Diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Paiva de Castro ◽  
José Rubens Rebelatto ◽  
Thaís Rabiatti Aurichio
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Ankle Pain ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Shoe Size ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Wearing inappropriate shoes can cause biomechanical imbalance, foot problems, and pain and induce falls.Objective:To verify the prevalence of wearing incorrectly sized shoes and the relationship between incorrectly sized shoes and foot dimensions, pain, and diabetes among older adults.Design:A cross-sectional study.Participants:399 older adults (227 women and 172 men) age 60 to 90 y.Main Outcome Measures:The participants were asked about the presence of diabetes, pain in the lower limbs and back, and pain when wearing shoes. Foot evaluations comprised the variables of width, perimeter, height, length, first metatarsophalangeal angle, the Arch Index, and the Foot Posture Index. The data analysis was performed using a 2-sample t test and chi-square test.Results:The percentage of the participants wearing shoe sizes bigger than their foot length was 48.5% for the women and 69.2% for the men. Only 1 man was wearing a shoe size smaller than his foot length. The older adults wearing the incorrect shoe size presented larger values for foot width, perimeter, and height than those wearing the correct size, but there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the Arch Index and the Foot Posture Index. Incorrectly sized shoes were associated with ankle pain in women but not with diabetes. Men were more likely to wear incorrectly fitting shoes. The use of correctly sized shoes was associated with back pain in women.Conclusions:The use of incorrectly sized shoes was highly prevalent in the population studied and was associated with larger values for foot width, perimeter, and height and with ankle pain.

scholarly journals Paediatric flat foot and foot dimension in Central Anatolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serap Alsancak ◽  
Senem Guner ◽  
Enver Güven ◽  
Ali Koray Özgün ◽  
Yunis Akkaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Pes Cavus ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Arc Index ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Information on the foot structures of Central Anatolian children is limited. Foot structures of children aged 6–10 years were shown to be different according to sex and increasing age. Objective This study aimed to compare the foot anthropometric values by age and sex and collect the foot anthropometric data to reveal the relationship between pes planus and pes cavus in the arches of children according to age. Methods Footprints of 335 children (180 boys and 155 girls) aged 6–10 years were taken by the pedigraph method and evaluated using 18 different parameters. The TFL (Truncated foot length), FL (foot length), Arch Index, Chippaux Smirak Index, Staheli Arc Index, and foot rotation values of the children were examined. To examine the relationship between the parameters, normality values were examined. Independent samples t-test was used to analyze sex differences in terms of foot size and shape. Results Correlations between other parameters were determined using the correlations analysis method. TFL, metatarsal circumference, and FL were strongly correlated with age in the children. Foot rotation increased with body mass index in the girls compared to that in the boys. According to the evaluation results with the classification made with the Staheli arch index, 63.3% pes planus, 9.8% pes cavus and 27.7% of the normal arch structure were identified. Conclusions Planning shoe production accordingly will contribute to the development of healthy feet in children. This article focused on foot structures of in Central Anatolia and to identify early foot deformities in children. This study found that the length of the TFL was smaller in boys than in girls.

scholarly journals Does the shoe really fit? Characterising ill-fitting footwear among community dwelling older adults: an observational cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian O'Rourke ◽  
Mary E Walsh ◽  
Rachael Brophy ◽  
Shanice Vallely ◽  
Niamh Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Shoe Size ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background : Falls in older people are common and can result in loss of confidence, fear of falling, restriction in activity and loss of independence. Causes of falls are multi-factorial. There is a paucity of research assessing the footwear characteristics among older people who are at high risk of falls, internationally and in the Irish setting. The aim of this study was to examine the proportion of older adults attending a geriatric day hospital in Ireland who were wearing incorrectly sized shoes. Methods : A consecutive sample of 111 older adults aged 60 years and over attending a geriatric day hospital in a large Irish teaching hospital was recruited. Demographic data including age, mobility, medications, co-habitation status, footwear worn at home and falls history were recorded. Shoe size and foot length were measured in millimetres using an internal shoe gauge and SATRA shoe size stick, respectively. Participants’ self-reported shoe size was recorded. Footwear was assessed using the Footwear Assessment Form (FAF). A Timed Up and Go (TUG) score was recorded. Functional independence was assessed using the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) Scale. The primary outcome of interest in this study was selected as having footwear within the suggested range (10 to 15mm) on at least one foot. Participants who met this definition were compared to those with ill-fitting footwear on both feet using Chi-square tests, T-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests. Results : The mean difference between shoe length and foot length was 18.6mm (SD: 9.6mm). Overall, 72% of participants were wearing footwear that did not fit correctly on both feet, 90% had shoes with smooth, partly worn or fully worn sole treading and 67% reported wearing slippers at home. Participant age, TUG score and NEADL score were not associated with ill-fitting footwear. Conclusions : Wearing incorrectly fitting shoes and shoes with unsafe features was common among older adults attending geriatric day services in this study. A large number of participants reported wearing slippers at home.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document