scholarly journals The Joint Effect of Scientific Knowledge and Photographic Evidence on Expert Witness Credibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1440-1444
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Expert Witness Testimony ◽  
Witness Credibility ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Credibility Scale

The present study examines the role of scientific and photographic evidence on mock jurors’ perceptions of witness credibility and whether adding such details to an expert witness’s slideshow increases the credibility of that testimony. To assess credibility, 128 undergraduate students were divided across 4 research groups. The students reviewed narrated slideshows of Human Factors expert witness testimony and used the Witness Credibility Scale (Brodsky et al., 2010) to quantify the credibility of that testimony. We hypothesized that adding scientific data and photographs would lead to an increase in perceived credibility. Final results indicate that scientific data did generate a statistically significant increase in perceived credibility, specifically concerning the knowledge and trustworthiness of the witness. Conversely, the inclusion of images did not produce a statistically significant effect on perceived credibility. The results of this study demonstrate that including specialized scientific information in an expert witness’s testimony affects jurors’ overall perception of credibility of the witness.

scholarly journals Educação científica e arte na formação docente: análise de uma proposta interdisciplinar

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemar De Fátima Vestena ◽  
Elza Hirata ◽  
Elenize Rangel Nicoletti
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Art Education ◽  
Science Teaching ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Teaching Sequence ◽  
University Center ◽  
Science And Art

Resumo: Este trabalho analisa os resultados obtidos durante a realização de uma sequência didática interdisciplinar, que contemplou saberes das ciências e da arte, na formação docente de pedagogos. As atividades, realizadas no segundo semestre de 2015, contaram com a participação de 19 estudantes do curso de Pedagogia do Centro Universitário Franciscano e das professoras de Ensino de Ciências e Ensino de Arte, totalizando 36 horas aulas. Inicialmente foi apresentado um vídeo, seguido de uma apresentação explorando os dados científicos apresentados. Com base nessas informações, cada aluno escolheu uma espécie vegetal e investigou aspectos inerentes às ciências e a arte dessa planta. A sequência culminou com a apresentação de camisetas, estampadas com os carimbos produzidos a partir das informações científicas pesquisadas pelos estudantes acerca das plantas escolhidas. Os resultados apontam que os estudantes, ao escolherem apenas partes dos vegetais com utilidade estética ou alimentar, apresentam uma visão utilitarista da ciência. Em relação aos conhecimentos da Arte, destaca-se que, ao utilizarem diferentes linguagens da arte, como os desenhos, as formas e as cores, os alunos exercitaram a observação e descrição criteriosa de um objeto, neste caso as plantas. Deste modo, a sequência didática desenvolvida permitiu interlocuções entre Arte e Educação, pois sendo uma ação interdisciplinar entre Ciência e Arte, articulou pesquisas sobre as plantas e a linguagem da xilogravura, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento do olhar crítico dos estudantes de Pedagogia acerca da natureza e da arte. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Ciências. Ensino de Arte. Proposta didática. Interdisciplinaridade.SCIENCE EDUCATION AND ART IN TEACHER TRAINING: AN ANALYSIS OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PROPOSALAbstract: This paper analyzes the results obtained during an interdisciplinary didactic sequence, which included science and art knowledge, during the teaching training of pedagogues. The activities were carried on in the second half of 2015 with the participation of 19 undergraduate students of University Center of Pedagogy Franciscan and Science Teaching teachers and Art Education, totaling 36 hour classes. Initially a video was presented, followed by an explanation, exploring the scientific data studied. Based on this information, each student chose a plant species and investigated its aspects from a scientific and artistic point of view. The sequence culminated in the presentation of shirts, which emblazoned the stamps produced from the scientific information researched by students about the chosen plants. The results show that students, while selecting only parts of the plants with cosmetic or food use, demonstrate a utilitarian view of science. Regarding the knowledge of art, it is emphasized that when using different art languages, such as designs, shapes and colors, the students exercised observation and careful description of an object, in this case the plants. Thus, the developed teaching sequence allowed dialogues between Art and Education, as being an interdisciplinary action between science and art. Also, it articulated research on plants and the languages of woodcuts, contributing to the development of the critical eye of Pedagogy students about the nature and art. Keywords: Science Education. Art Education. Proposal didactic. Interdisciplinary.

The Witness Credibility Scale: An outcome measure for expert witness research

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 892-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley L. Brodsky ◽  
Michael P. Griffin ◽  
Robert J. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Witness Credibility ◽  
Credibility Scale

Perceived Credibility Scale

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine White ◽  
Chelsea Willness
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
Credibility Scale

Regulating Physician Expert Witness Testimony

JAMA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 299 (14) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Larriviere
Keyword(s):  
Expert Witness ◽  
Witness Testimony ◽  
Expert Witness Testimony

Medicinal importance, pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of canadine in the medicine: An important phytochemical of Hydrastis canadensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Hydrastis Canadensis ◽  
Biological Importance ◽  
Human Disorders

Background: Natural products and their derived phytochemicals have been used in the medicine and gaining importance in the modern medicine due to their therapeutic potential and health beneficial effect on human disorders. Plenty of herbal drug based products are available in the market and playing an important role in the human health care system due to their health beneficial properties in human being. In the modern age we can find many herbal based products in the market mainly prepared from the natural products and used for the prevention and treatment of various human disorders. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are the important class of alkaloidal compounds and the better example are morphine, codeine, sanguinarine, berberine and canadine which are mainly known for their medicinal value in the medicine. Methods: Hydrastis canadensis is the important medicinal plant found to contain a significant amount of canadine, hydrastine and berberine. In the present investigation, numerous scientific databases such as Google, Pubmed, Science direct etc. have been searched to collect the important scientific information of canadine and analyzed to know the health beneficial aspect of canadine in the medicine. All the collected scientific information data’s were analyzed and have been categorized into mainly pharmacological and analytical aspects. Results: From the analysis of the collected scientific information, it was found that Hydrastis canadensis contain significant amount of canadine with many more phytochemical including canadaline, hydrastidine, isohydrastidine etc. Pharmacological activity data analysis revealed the biological importance of Hydrastis canadensis in the medicine for their traditional uses against gastritis, colitis, duodenal ulcers, loss of appetite, liver disease, bile secretion disorder, snake bites and vaginitis in the medicine. However, scientific data analysis of canadine revealed their effectiveness for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-allergic activity and anti-oxidant activity. Different modern analytical tools have been used in the modern medicine for the isolation and quantification of canadine in the Hydrastis canadensis. Conclusion: Present investigation revealed the medicinal importance and pharmacological activities of a canadine in the medicine for the treatment of numerous human health complications. These scientific data will be helpful to the scientist to know the biological importance of canadine in the medicine against various forms of human complications.

scholarly journals Credibility of Scientific Information on Social Media: Variation by Platform and Presence of Formal Credibility Cues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Boothby ◽  
Dakota Murray ◽  
Anna Polovick Waggy ◽  
Andrew Tsou ◽  
Cassidy R. Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
Science Information

Responding to calls to take a more active role in communicating their research findings, scientists are increasingly using open online platforms, such as Twitter, to engage in science communication or to publicize their work. Given the ease at which misinformation spreads on these platforms it is important for scientists to present their findings in a manner that appears credible. To examine the extent to which the online presentation of science information relates to its perceived credibility, we designed and conducted two surveys on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. In the first survey, participants rated the credibility of science information on Twitter compared with the same information other platforms, and in the second, participants rated the credibility of tweets with modified characteristics: presence of an image, text sentiment, and the number of likes/retweets. We find that similar information about scientific findings is perceived as less credible when presented on Twitter compared to other platforms, and that perceived credibility increases when presented with recognizable features of a scientific article. On a platform as widely distrusted as Twitter, use of these features may allow researchers who regularly use Twitter for research-related networking and communication to present their findings in the most credible formats.

scholarly journals Role of the Undergraduate Student Research Assistant in the New Millennium

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Dutra Nascimento Silva ◽  
Lúcia Cristina da Cunha Aguiar ◽  
Jaqueline Leta ◽  
Dilvani Oliveira Santos ◽  
Fernanda Serpa Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Research Assistant ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Research Careers ◽  
New Research

In this study, we analyze the contribution of the undergraduate student who participates in the process of generating scientific data and developing a research project using Brazilian research as an example. Historically, undergraduate students have performed the critical role of research assistants in developing countries. This aspect has been underappreciated as a means of generating scientific data in Brazilian research facilities. Brazilian educational institutions are facing major age-related generational changes among the science faculty within the next 5–10 yr. A lack of adequate support for graduate students leads to a concern that undergraduates will not be interested in choosing research assistant programs and, subsequently, academic research careers. To remedy this situation it is important to focus on ways to encourage new research careers and enhance university–industry collaborations.

The Irresponsible Expert Witness: A Failure of Biomedical Graduate Education and Professional Accountability

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 754-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Brent
Keyword(s):  
Expert Witness ◽  
Expert Witnesses ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Witness Testimony ◽  
Expert Witness Testimony ◽  
Professional Accountability ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
And Function

Many forces have created the epidemic of negligence and malpractice litigation. One of the contributing factors to the rising rate of nonmeritorious litigation is the increasing number of unqualified and irresponsible expert witnesses. The high remuneration has attracted physican-scientists who are unaware of the proper role of an expert witness. They are frequently manipulated by the attorneys and function as partisans rather than scholars. The role of the expert witness should be taught in medical and graduate school. Testimony should be treated as a scholarly endeavor and experts should be encouraged to seek peer review of their opinions and not to testify secretly and in isolation. It is suggested that greater visibility of experts and their testimony (light of day phenomenon) should raise the quality of expert witness testimony and encourage more qualified experts to participate as expert witnesses, thus removing the stigmata usually associated with unqualified expert witnesses.

Witness Credibility Scale

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley L. Brodsky ◽  
Michael P. Griffin ◽  
Robert J. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Witness Credibility ◽  
Credibility Scale
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