THE CONCEPT OF CHANCE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE REGISTER OF SEMIOTIC REPRESENTATIONS

This article aims to investigate the teaching of chance in the context of tactile models (TM) from the perspective of the Theory of Register of Semiotic Representations. In this qualitative research, we sought to identify the different types of semiotic registers and transformations (treatment and conversion), in the solutions of the tasks of the Jefferson’s Random Walks Teaching Sequence of children in early childhood education (aged 5 years). We found the presence of different registers, most frequently mother tongue and figurative language, and of conversions. Finally, the TM proved versatile, particularly in addressing the concept of chance, for the mobilization of different semiotic registers and transformations, which can encourage teachers to use this material to work concepts in the school context. Abstract: Portuguese Neste artigo tem-se como objetivo investigar o ensino de Probabilidade no contexto da maquete tátil (MT) sob a ótica da teoria de Registro de Representações Semióticas. Nesta pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, buscou-se identificar os diferentes tipos de registros semióticos e de transformações (tratamento e conversão), nas soluções das tarefas da Sequência de Ensino Passeios Aleatórios do Jefferson de crianças da educação infantil (5 anos). Verificou-se a presença dos diferentes registros, mais frequentemente a lingua materna e figural, e das conversões. Por fim, a MT mostrou-se versátil, em particular na abordagem do conceito de chance, para a mobilização de diferentes registros semióticos e de transformações, o que pode estimular os professores no uso desse material para trabalhar conceitos probabilísticos no âmnbito escolar.

Las ciencias de la naturaleza a través de los cuentos en educación infantil

El objetivo general de este artículo consiste en analizar la puesta en práctica de una secuencia de enseñanza sobre ciencias de la naturaleza en la que se utiliza el cuento como recurso didáctico principal. Dicha propuesta tiene como objetivo trabajar el modelo de ser vivo a través de los pollitos y realizar una analogía con el ser humano. Esta propuesta está diseñada para un aula del segundo ciclo de educación infantil (3 años), perteneciente a un colegio público de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia, con 8 niñas y 16 niños, en total 24. La metodología que enmarca esta secuencia didáctica es el trabajo por proyectos, aprovechando que en el aula se estaba viendo un proyecto sobre los pollitos y, para ello, se hace uso del cuento de “El pollo Pepe” cuyo autor es Nick Denchfield. En el apartado de: reflexión sobre la puesta en práctica, se recogen una serie de resultados favorables en cuanto a esta propuesta, lo que significa que es una secuencia adecuada y viable para estas edades, en la que se consigue un acercamiento a las ciencias de la naturaleza a través de la literatura infantil. The general objective of this article is to analyze the implementation of a teaching sequence on natural sciences in which the story is used as the main didactic resource. The objective of this proposal is to work on the model of a living being through the chicks and to make an analogy with the human being. This proposal is designed for a classroom of the second cycle of early childhood education (3 years old), belonging to a public school of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, with 8 girls and 16 boys, in total 24. The methodology that frames this didactic sequence is the work by projects, taking advantage of the fact that in the classroom a project about chicks was being seen and, for this, the story of "El pollo Pepe" whose author is Nick Denchfield is used. In the section on: reflection on the implementation, a series of favorable results are collected regarding this proposal, which means that it is an appropriate and feasible sequence for these ages, in which an approach to the sciences of nature is achieved through children's literature.

Atividade experimental investigativa e e-book no ensino de ciências do ensino fundamental: uma experiência de estágio supervisionado

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma proposta didática pautada numa Sequência de Ensino Investigativa (SEI) em Ciências Físicas, com atividades experimentais investigativas e e-book. A intervenção foi realizada em oito encontros no Estágio Supervisionado II, na busca pela aprendizagem significativa dos discentes e dos problemas enfrentados pelos docentes ao usarem novas estratégias de ensino nas aulas de Ciências. Questionários foram usados como instrumentos de coleta de dados, em 84 discentes do 8º e 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental e 2 professores de Ciências de uma escola pública de Portel-PA. O processo de análise dos resultados foi mediado por um desenho de pesquisa quali-quantitativo. Os resultados mostraram que as atividades de ensino por investigação são raramente utilizadas pelos docentes entrevistados, embora eles reconheçam a importância de diferentes estratégias de ensino para a aprendizagem significativa dos discentes. Além disso, os discentes entrevistados referiram abertura para experimentar diferentes metodologias de ensino no âmbito escolar.Palavras-chave: Atividades experimentais; E-book; Ensino por investigação; Estágio supervisionado. Investigative experimental activity and e-book in science teaching to elementary school: a supervised internship experienceAbstract: This work presents a didactic proposal based on an Investigative Teaching Sequence (ITS) in Physical Sciences, with experimental investigative activities and e-book. The intervention was carried out in eight meetings in Supervised Internship II, in the search for meaningful learning of students and the problems faced by teachers when using new teaching strategies in Science classes. Questionnaires were used as data collection instruments in 84 students from the 8th and 9th grades of elementary school and 2 science teachers at the school in Portel-PA. The process of analyzing was mediated by a quali-quantitative research design. The results showed that research teaching activities are used by the interviewed teachers. But they recognize the importance of different teaching strategies as well as from TSI and TIS for meaningful learning by students. In addition, the interviewed students reported opening to experiment different methodologies in school scope.Keywords: Experimental activities; E-book; Teaching by investigation; Supervised internship.

Inquiry and Modeling for Teaching Mathematics in Interdisciplinary Contexts: How Are They Interrelated?

International research has pointed out the importance of integrating mathematical modeling and inquiry processes into the teaching and learning of mathematics. This paper aims to present an integrative model that enables analyzing the characteristics inquiry and modeling processes share in the same model with a view to using them when designing and implementing interdisciplinary teaching sequences. After presenting a synthesis of the literature review, our theoretical approach to inquiry and modeling for the analysis of an interdisciplinary teaching sequence will be introduced. We focus here on the case of an inquiry situation in an archaeological context where mathematics and history are interrelated. It was implemented at secondary school level with students aged 13–14. We use this particular case study to analyze the appearance of both processes, in order to look for coincidences, concatenations and synergies. The main result is an integrative model for the joint analysis of both processes.

The Use of the Concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) Sequence to Improve Mathematical Outcomes for Elementary Students with Emotional Behavioral Disorders

The concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) sequence is an explicit methodology for teaching mathematics that has been shown to have positive effects for students with EBD. This teaching sequence fosters conceptual understanding and mathematical thinking. This article describes how a teacher used explicit CRA instruction with two elementary students with EBD. Its aims are to describe and provide rationale for CRA instruction. We will describe lesson activities, methods, materials, and procedures. Finally, we will offer suggestions for implementation.

Letramento estatístico na Educação Básica: os desafios de ensinar o diagrama da caixa (box-plot) em contextoStatistical literacy in Basic Education: the challenges of teaching an in-context box-plot diagram

ResumoEste artigo tem por objetivo analisar e refletir sobre os resultados da implementação de uma sequência de ensino de estatística envolvendo variáveis quantitativas e o papel dos registros de representação na transnumeração dos dados brutos no diagrama da caixa (box-plot). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo do tipo qualitativa descritiva, percorrendo, como metodologia, as fases do ciclo investigativo, em que participaram 31 estudantes do ensino médio que analisaram seus dados sobre relação entre hábitos de estudos e desempenho na disciplina de matemática. Como resultados, verificou-se a complexidade de trabalhar variáveis quantitativas e a construção do diagrama da caixa com dados reais em sala de aula e que as estratégias adotadas contribuíram para a compreensão dos dados e conceitos estatísticos em contexto. Além disso, verificou-se que a metodologia adotada propiciou o engajamento dos estudantes na atividade, a tomada de consciência dos fatores que interferem no rendimento escolar, a importância de hábitos adequados e a frequência de estudo para o aprendizado.Palavras-chave: Educação estatística, Sequência de ensino, Diagrama da caixa (box-plot), Registros de representação, transnumeração.AbstractThis paper analyses and reflects on the results of the implementation of a teaching sequence in statistics involving quantitative variables and the role of representation records in the transnumeration of raw data in the box-plot. It is a descriptive qualitative field research, covering, as a methodology, the stages of the investigative cycle, in which 31 high school students participated. These students analysed their data on the relationship between study habits and performance in the course of mathematics. As a result, it was possible to verify the complexity of working with quantitative variables, and the complexity of constructing the box-plot with real data in the classroom. The strategies adopted contributed to the understanding of data and statistical concepts in context. Furthermore, the study revealed that the methodology adopted led students to engage in the activity, raised awareness on the factors that interfere with school performance, the importance of proper habits, and the frequency of study for learning.Keywords: Statistical education, Teaching sequence, Box-Plot, Representation records, Transnumeration.ResumenEste artículo tiene como objetivo analizar y reflexionar sobre los resultados de la implementación de una secuencia didáctica en estadística, que involucra variables cuantitativas y el papel de los registros de representación en la transnumeración de datos brutos en el diagrama de cajas (box-plot). Se trata de una investigación de campo cualitativa descriptiva, que abarca, como metodología, las fases del ciclo investigativo, en que participaron 31 estudiantes de secundaria, quienes analizaron sus datos sobre la relación entre hábitos de estudio y desempeño en la disciplina de matemática. Como resultado, se verificó la complejidad del trabajo con variables cuantitativas y la construcción del diagrama de caja con datos reales en el aula y que las estrategias adoptadas contribuyeron a la comprensión de los datos y conceptos estadísticos en contexto. Además, se encontró que la metodología adoptada propició el compromiso de los estudiantes en la actividad, la conciencia de los factores que interfieren en el desempeño escolar, la importancia de hábitos adecuados y frecuencia de estudio para el aprendizaje.Palabras clave: Educación estadística, Secuencia de enseñanza, Diagrama de caja, Registros de representación, Transnumeración.

Designing Tasks for Introducing Functions and Graphs within Dynamic Interactive Environments

In this paper, we elaborate on theoretical and methodological considerations for designing a sequence of tasks for introducing middle and high school students to functions and their graphs. In particular, we present didactical activities with an artifact realized within a dynamic interactive environment and having the semiotic potential for embedding mathematical meanings of covariation of independent and dependent variables. After laying down the theoretical grounds, we formulate the design principles that emerged as the result of bringing the theory into a dialogue with the didactical aims. Finally, we present a teaching sequence, designed and implemented on the basis of the design principles and we show how students’ efforts in describing and manipulating the different graphs of functions can promote their production of specific signs that can progressively evolve towards mathematical meanings.

Practices with the experiment of the “body fall” with the use of the smartphone stopwatch and with the use of video analysis

This study had as main objective to analyze the perceptions of middle school students about the limits and possibilities of using the smartphone's stopwatch and video analysis, through the Tracker software, to explore the phenomenon of falling bodies. For that, a teaching sequence with six stages was proposed and developed in four classes of the 1st grade of High School. This is a qualitative research, of the participant type of research, whose data collection strategies were participant observation and the use of questionnaires. The emerging data were treated in the light of the Discursive Textual Analysis. As main results, it was possible to verify that the students recognized different ways of producing science, meant science as a human product, appropriated different ways of scientific language, recognized the limits and potentialities of the first method, the second and the association between Those.