More Information or More Data?: Some Experimental Findings

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Dorris ◽  
T. Connolly ◽  
T. L. Sadosky ◽  
Mark Burroughs
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Relationship

This paper reviews work which has investigated the relationship between the amount of information available to a decision maker and the quality of the resulting decision. Consideration is also given to research into the strategies employed by decision makers to cope with information overload. Some recent empirical results are presented which indicate that one must carefully distinguish between the amount of information and the amount of data given to the decision maker.

Quality of learning experience, student satisfaction and perceived overall experience in the COVID-19 context

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venugopal Prabhakar Gantasala ◽  
Swapna Bhargavi Gantasala ◽  
Tareq Na'el Al Tawil ◽  
Prerana Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Medical Programs

PurposeThe intention for this study was to explore any relationship that might exist between quality of learning experience (QLE), the second construct student satisfaction (SS) and the third construct perceived overall experience (POE) among undergraduate students within the higher education context. This study also attempts to explain the path direction between QLE, SS and POE.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers utilized structural equation modeling to analyze the variables considered for this study – QLE, SS and POE and for hypotheses testing. Respondents for this study were medical students' coordinators of the undergraduate level of medical colleges in the 28 states of India. Data collected for the study were possible by utilizing a questionnaire that was emailed to these student coordinators. The emailing effort returned 198 (n) filled questionnaires (complete) representing 198 institutions offering undergraduate-level medical programs out of a total of 542 institutions that offer undergraduate medical programs.FindingsFindings from this study confirm the relationship between QLE with SS, and PLE. Interestingly, the findings established a significant relationship between SS and POE.Practical implicationsDecision-makers and administrators of higher education institutions (HEIs) can utilize the findings from this study to focus on strengthening important elements of QLE in ways that positively impact SS and POE of students taking online courses and program offerings. The study reiterates the importance of course content, course structure, lecture-delivery quality, instructor mentoring and student-instructor interactions on SS and POE. The role of SS in reinforcing confirmation, perceived usefulness, perceived openness of the online courses and the perceived reputation was established. This relationship is key to administrators while they focus on improving SS and building on the institutions' reputation in addition to their efforts to support marketing and enrollments during the pandemic.Originality/valueResearchers in the past have examined the relationships between QLE and another construct of this study – SS. Past research has also examined the relationship between QLE and POE. However, there is not enough research exploring the relationship between SS and POE. This study establishes the relationship between SS and POE that benefits decision-makers in higher education.

DETERMINING AGGREGATE CRITERIA WEIGHTS FROM CRITERIA RANKINGS BY A GROUP OF DECISION MAKERS

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 769-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
HESHAM K. ALFARES ◽  
SALIH O. DUFFUAA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Simple Function ◽  
Decision Criteria ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
Empirical Methodology ◽  
Individual Rank

In this paper, we present an empirical methodology to determine aggregate numerical criteria weights from group ordinal ranks of multiple decision criteria. Assuming that such ordinal ranks are obtained from several decision makers, aggregation procedures are proposed to combine individual rank inputs into group criteria weights. In this process, we use previous empirical results for an individual decision maker, in which a simple function provides the weight for each criterion as a function of its rank and the total number of criteria. Using a set of experiments, weight aggregation procedures are proposed and empirically compared for two cases: (i) when all the decision makers rank the same set of criteria, and (ii) when they rank different subsets of criteria. The proposed methodology can be used to determine relative weights for any set of criteria, given only criteria ranks provided by several decision makers.

A Note on the Normalized Errors in ARCH and Stochastic Volatility Models

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Volatility ◽  
Conditional Distribution ◽  
Error Term ◽  
Conditional Variance ◽  
Conditional Heteroskedasticity ◽  
Stochastic Volatility Models ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Volatility Models ◽  
The Relationship

It is well-known that conditional heteroskedasticity thickens the tails of the unconditional distribution of an error term relative to its conditional distribution. To what extent do imperfect forecasts of the conditional variance undo this tail thickening? This note considers the effect of changing the quality of the information embodied in a forecast of a conditional variance. Adding noise of a certain form thickens the tails of the normalized errors, but decreasing the amount of information used in the forecast may or may not thicken the tails. We also explore the relation between tail thickness and various notions of “optimal” volatility forecasts. The relationship is surprisingly complicated.

scholarly journals Investors Behavior, Governance and Earnings Management: Under and over Reaction to Information

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Afraa Khzouri ◽  
Amira Neffati
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
The Relationship

<div><p><em>The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between earnings management, governance and investors </em><em>behavior</em><em>, since this latter can inform about the nature of earnings management and can be considered as a governance mechanism to reduce accounts manipulations. On the basis of a sample of 700 American firms for the period of 1996-2006, our empirical results show that </em><em>investors who take short positions, are able to interpret the information detected from the earnings management. The activity of these investors may be considered as an indicator of the quality of the governance structure and the presence and nature of earnings management. The under-reaction of investors to information leads to short-term sale of the shares of poorly governed firms and characterized by an opportunistic earnings management and to invest in firms well-governed and characterized by an informational earnings management therefore an abnormal profit can be realized.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals The Influence of Academic Independent Directors and Confucianism on Carbon Information Disclosure: Evidence from China

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ren He ◽  
Mingdian Zhou ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Qing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Independent Directors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Informal System ◽  
The Relationship

As global warming has received widespread attention, the disclosure of firms’ carbon information has been expected by increasing stakeholders. This study extends the previous literature on the determinants of firms’ carbon information disclosure by examining the influence of academic independent directors and Confucianism on the quality of carbon information disclosure. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms in the CSI 300 Index during the period of 2012–2018, our empirical results show that academic independent directors have a significantly positive association with the quality of carbon information disclosure. The results also reveal that Confucianism positively affects the quality of carbon information disclosure. Moreover, Confucianism positively moderates the relationship between academic independent directors and the quality of carbon information disclosure. The results imply that Confucianism, as an informal system, can promote the governance effect of academic independent directors on firms’ carbon information disclosure behaviour. Our findings offer shareholders, regulators, and other stakeholders an integrating perspective on motivating firms to disclose high quality carbon information.

scholarly journals Investors Behavior, Governance and Earnings Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Afraa Khzouri ◽  
Amira Neffati
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between earnings management, governance and investors behavior, since this latter can inform about the nature of earnings management and can be considered as a governance mechanism to reduce accounts manipulations. On the basis of a sample of 700 American firms for the period of 1996-2006, our empirical results show that investors who take short positions, are able to interpret the information detected from the earnings management. The activity of these investors may be considered as an indicator of the quality of the governance structure and the presence and nature of earnings management. The under-reaction of investors to information leads to short-term sale of the shares of poorly governed firms and characterized by an opportunistic earnings management and to invest in firms well-governed and characterized by an informational earnings management therefore an abnormal profit can be realized.

Decision Advantage and the Nature of Intelligence Analysis

2010 ◽  
pp. 388-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Intelligence Analysis ◽  
Successful Intelligence ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Critical Thinker ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses intelligence analysis and the importance of an analyst equipped with critical thinking and sound reasoning in producing good intelligence analysis. Producing good intelligence analysis requires reasoning and critical thinking on the part of the analysts. In addition, they are also tasked with recognizing and coping with deception as well as influencing decision-makers without conveying preference on the choices available. This restraint in conveying preference should not, however, prevent the intelligence analyst from caring about his side of success or the outcomes of the policies they are supposed to inform. Successful intelligence provides advantages to decision-makers they would not otherwise have, so an analyst must know the frame of mind of the decision-maker and the strategy to help the policymaker to succeed. Intelligence is a building of the relationship of trust and collaboration between partners seeking wins for their team. Good intelligence is both subjective and objective and herein lies the essence of the analyst's conundrum: to be an expert and critical thinker, targeted for manipulation, legally denied relevant knowledge, responsible for advising, but prohibited from judging. The practice of intelligence analysis, the collection of information, the anticipation of an opponent's moves, the conveying of knowledge through assessments and estimates, and the collaboration and trust in the analyst and policymaker's relationship forms the focus of this article.

The Decision-Making Process in International Business Strategies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Musso ◽  
Barbara Francioni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Context Variables ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between the contextual factors related to the firm’s decision-maker and the process of international strategic decision-making. The analysis has been conducted focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). Data for the research came from 111 usable responses to a survey on a sample of SME decision-makers in international field. The results of regression analysis indicate that the context variables, both internal and external, exerted more influence on international strategic decision making process than the decision-maker personality characteristics.

Decision-maker characteristics and international decisions for SMEs

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 2226-2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Francioni ◽  
Fabio Musso ◽  
Marco Cioppi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Internationalization Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how characteristics of decision-makers influence internationalization strategies within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with a particular focus on the strategic decision-making process (SDMP). Design/methodology/approach – This work is based on a sample of 165 decision-makers of SMEs, using hierarchical multiple regression to examine the relationship between the dimensions studied. Findings – The results of a regression analysis suggest that decision-makers tend to follow a more rational SDMP depending on their education level and risk attitude, and the firm’s past international performance. At the same time, the political behaviour of the decision-maker emerges as a character associated with their risk attitude and need for achievement, and it is negatively influenced by age. Originality/value – This research contributes to the growing literature on SMEs, combining the field of analysis of SDMP with that of international strategy. Moreover, unlike previous studies, which have focused on the top management team, managers, CEOs, or entrepreneurs, this study analyses the characteristics and behaviour of decision-makers.

scholarly journals The Impacts of ERP Integration on Information Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Carlo Caserio ◽  
Sara Trucco
Keyword(s):  
Information Flow ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Erp Systems ◽  
Erp System ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
The Relationship

The paper aims at analyzing the relationship between the level of integration of the ERP system and the information quality perceived by managers due to direct and indirect factors. In the latter model, the information quality is affected by the presence of specific features of information flow, defined as the information processing capacity, the frequency of meeting, and the information sharing. To test the research model, a PLS-SEM analysis was applied to a survey conducted in the Italian setting. Empirical results show that the level of integration of the ERP system positively affects the latent variable (features of information flow) and that the features of information flow positively affect the perceived quality of information. Empirical results also suggest that the level of integration of ERP systems can positively and indirectly affect the information quality seen by managers, by the effect of the features of information flow. Managers can benefit from this study for supporting their decision to achieve an optimal level of integration of their ERP systems to enhance the information quality within the firm.

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