Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD): Factor Structure and Validation of the Self-Report Version in Community and Forensic Samples of Portuguese Youth

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110445
Author(s):  
Diana Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Ruben Sousa ◽  
Daniel Rijo ◽  
Beatriz Mendez ◽  
Siny Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Forensic Samples ◽  
Specific Factors

The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) was developed as a measure to assess the multifaceted model of psychopathic traits in children/youth (i.e., grandiose–manipulative [GM], callous–unemotional [CU], and daring–impulsive [DI] traits) in addition to Conduct Disorder (CD) symptoms. This study aims to test the psychometric properties of the PSCD-self-report version across community ( n = 648; 52.9% female) and forensic male youth ( n = 258) from the Portuguese population. Results supported a general factor and four specific factors (GM, CU, DI, CD), which was invariant across gender and sample type. Evidence for reliability, construct, and temporal validity were also found. Overall, the PSCD appears to be a promising measure for assessing psychopathic traits in youth from both community and forensic settings, which may contribute to the discussion around the conceptualization, assessment, predictive value, and clinical usefulness of the multifaceted model of psychopathy in youthful populations, particularly in its association with CD.

scholarly journals Factor Structure and Construct Validity of the Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) Scale in Chinese Adolescents

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112094991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Luo ◽  
Meng-Cheng Wang ◽  
Craig S. Neumann ◽  
Robert D. Hare ◽  
Randall T. Salekin
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
New Instrument

The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) Scale is a new measure to assess psychopathic traits and symptoms of conduct disorder (CD) in children and adolescents. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the self-report version of the PSCD in a sample of community adolescents in mainland China ( N = 1,683; mean age = 13.60, SD = 1.14; 54.1% boys). The new instrument showed good internal consistency (alpha) for the 24-item total scale and good mean interitem correlations for each of the six-item subscales. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted on all 24 items, and also a subset of 13 items that demonstrated strong item-level reliabilities. Using all 24 items, CFA results supported a four-factor bifactor model indicating the total score reflects a broad syndrome with four factors. The four factors included grandiose–manipulative traits (GM traits), callous–unemotional traits (CU traits), daring–impulsive traits (DI traits), and CD traits. The 13-item CFA results provided further support for a four-factor conceptualization of the PSCD and evidence of strong measurement invariance across gender. Finally, the PSCD exhibited the expected relations with other psychopathy measures, anxiety and depression, and aggression, supporting the PSCD scores convergent, discriminant, and criterion related validity. The findings provide preliminary evidence for the four-factor structure of the PSCD and support for the utility of the self-report PSCD for measuring psychopathic traits and CD in Chinese adolescents.

scholarly journals Adolescent callous–unemotional traits and conduct disorder in adoptees exposed to severe early deprivation

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kumsta ◽  
Edmund Sonuga-Barke ◽  
Michael Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Unemotional Traits ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundThere is a debate over whether disruptive behaviour should be regarded as a central component of, or rather as an epiphenomenon with little diagnostic value for, psychopathy.AimsTo test whether callous–unemotional traits and conduct disorder can be dissociated in the English and Romanian Adoptee Study, a prospective longitudinal study of adopted individuals with a history of severe early institutional deprivation.MethodThe Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment was used to establish DSM-IV diagnoses for conduct disorder (and also oppositional defiant disorder) at the 15-year follow-up stage. The Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits questionnaire was administered to assess psychopathy traits.ResultsThere was no significant association between callous–unemotional traits and conduct disorder, both according to parent and youth self-report assessed categorically and dimensionally after controlling for confounds.ConclusionsThe majority of individuals with high callous–unemotional traits did not show conduct disorder in this special sample of children. This supports the view that, while common, an overlap between these aspects of psychopathology is not inevitable and so provides evidence for the dissociation of these two concepts. In terms of classification, we argue for a diagnostic scheme where psychopathy can be diagnosed independently of conduct disorder.

Specifying the Connection Between Reward Processing and Antisocial Psychopathology Across Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 311-332
Author(s):  
Suzanne Estrada ◽  
Scott Tillem ◽  
Allison Stuppy-Sullivan ◽  
Arielle Baskin-Sommers
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Unemotional Traits

Antisocial behavior is a heterogeneous construct that includes a range of behavioral problems and psychopathologies. With regard to classification, children and adolescents may be identified as having conduct disorder or callous–unemotional traits; whereas adults may be identified as having antisocial personality disorder or psychopathy. The adverse consequences of the behaviors and diagnoses related to this construct produce great burdens for the perpetrators, victims, family members, and society at large. Research has focused on identifying various factors contributing to antisocial behavior, with reward processing among one of the most studied. This chapter synthesizes self-report, behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging literature on reward processing in antisocial behavior across development. Findings are organized regarding key reward constructs within the Positive Valence Systems domain of the Research Domain Criteria matrix. Overall, children with conduct disorder display deficits in action selection, responsivity to reward, and reward prediction that result in risky choices, impaired performance in the face of reward, and poor integration of reward information. By contrast, children with callous–unemotional traits demonstrate poor reward learning and use of reward cues. In adults, those with antisocial personality disorder display deficits in reward valuation; whereas those with psychopathy show context-dependent abnormalities in multiple components of reward processing. Ultimately, an integrative focus on abnormal reward processing across subtypes of individuals who engage in antisocial behavior might help refine the phenotype and improve the prediction of onset and recovery of these disorders.

Factor Structure and Incremental Utility of the Distress Tolerance Scale: A Bifactor Analysis

Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis A. Rogers ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Thomas A. Fergus ◽  
Natasha Benfer
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Distress Tolerance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Factor Measurement ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Bifactor Modeling ◽  
Order Domain ◽  
Report Measure

The Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) is a self-report measure of perceived capacity to withstand aversive emotions. Initial factor analysis of this measure suggested a structure comprising one higher-order factor and four lower-order domain-specific factors. However, there is limited evidence in support of the DTS’s purported multidimensionality, and despite use of the DTS subscales, research has yet to assess their incremental utility. The current investigation sought to rectify the paucity of evidence in support of the DTS’s factor structure and independent use of DTS subscales via bifactor analysis. In the present study ( N = 826 community adults), a bifactor model of the DTS provided the best fit to the data. However, an examination of statistical indices associated with bifactor modeling, as well as results from an examination of incremental utility, suggest that the domain-specific factors are largely redundant with the general factor and do not provide incremental utility in predicting relevant clinical constructs beyond the general factor. Measurement invariance between sexes was confirmed. Taken together, results support use of a DTS total score, but not subscale scores.

scholarly journals Do incarcerated male juvenile recidivists differ from first-time offenders on self-reported psychopathic traits? A retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Pechorro ◽  
Teresa Braga ◽  
James V. Ray ◽  
Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves ◽  
Henrik Andershed
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Antisocial Process Screening Device ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Crime Seriousness ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Screening Device ◽  
First Time

The current study analyzed the relation between recidivism and self-reported psychopathic traits, more specifically the callous-unemotional, impulsivity, and narcissism dimensions of the psychopathy construct. The Antisocial Process Screening Device – Self-Report (APSD-SR) and other self-report instruments independently measuring the three different dimensions of psychopathy (that is, Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, Narcissistic Personality-13) were completed by a sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders ( N = 244) who were retrospectively classified as recidivists versus non-recidivists. The only statistically significant relation found between recidivism and self-reported psychopathic traits after controlling for age and socioeconomic status was with the impulsivity dimension of the APSD-SR. Additionally, results showed that recidivism was associated with alcohol use but not with drug use or crime seriousness.

scholarly journals The Persian Self-Report Version of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD-P): A Psychometric Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ebrahimi ◽  
Mojtaba Elhami Athar ◽  
Mona Darvishi ◽  
Olivier F. Colins
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Antisocial Process Screening Device ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Screening Device

The self-report version of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) is a commonly used tool for assessing psychopathic traits in youth. This is the first study designed to examine the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the Persian APSD-SR in a sample of 675 school-attending youth in Iran (46% girls; M age = 16.35). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a modified three-factor model, with items loading on narcissism, callous-unemotional, and impulsivity dimensions, which was invariant across gender. Notwithstanding that the internal consistency of some APSD scores was unsatisfactory, the APSD total and dimension scores showed the expected relations with external correlates (e.g., conduct problems, aggression, and low prosocial behavior), supporting the validity of the interpretation of the APSD scores. The findings showed that the APSD is a useful tool for assessing psychopathic traits in Iranian adolescents and may spark research on adolescent psychopathy in mental health and forensic settings.

Not just ‘callous-unemotional’: Psychopathic traits are associated with emotion dysregulation dimensions

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S181-S181
Author(s):  
P. Velotti ◽  
M. D’aguanno ◽  
C. Garofalo ◽  
G. Rogier
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionHistorically, psychopathic individuals have mainly been described as characterized by pervasive callous-unemotional traits, with dramatic implications for clinical and forensic practices – such as the tendency to deem psychopathic individuals as untreatable. However, recent evidence with community samples have highlighted that psychopathic traits may be in fact related to emotion dysregulation rather than being the mere reflection of an underlying ‘unemotionality’. Yet, it is no clear if this association extends to populations with more severe forms of psychopathy (i.e., offenders).ObjectivesWe wanted to replicate previous evidence of an association between emotion dysregulation and psychopathic traits in a sample of incarcerated offenders.AimsTo investigate the associations among emotion dysregulation dimensions and psychopathic traits, exploring similarities and differences between the Interpersonal-Affective and the Antisocial-Lifestyle facets of psychopathy.MethodsA sample of male offenders incarcerated in Italian jails completed the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (SRP-4; Paulhus, Neumann, & Hare, 2015) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).ResultsIn line with the expectations, emotion dysregulation dimensions did predict higher levels of psychopathic traits. Structural Equation Modelling revealed that selected dimensions of emotion dysregulation were associated with different facets of psychopathy.ConclusionsBased on our findings, we argue that psychopathic traits may be associated to a certain extent with emotion dysregulation, and thus a focus on improving emotion regulation skills may hold the promise to dampen the therapeutic pessimism when dealing with psychopathic offenders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

An Evolutionary Model to Conceptualize Psychopathic Traits Across Community and Forensic Male Youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Paula Vagos ◽  
Daniel Rijo
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
External Shame ◽  
The Impact

Psychopathy has been historically associated with a lack of emotion. However, some authors argue that psychopathy may represent a tendency to externalize the experience of unpleasant emotions, including shame, what could be seen as an adaptive strategy within an evolutionary framework. Nevertheless, empirical research investigating this hypothesis is scarce. Using community ( n = 295) and forensic ( n = 300) male youth samples and a set of self-report measures, this study tested an evolutionary model involving pathways linking the impact of harsh rearing experiences (traumatic shameful experiences and warmth and safeness experiences) to psychopathic traits, as well as the indirect effects of external shame and shame coping strategies in that association. In addition, this study tested the invariance of this model across samples. Results indicated that the impact of harsh rearing experiences was directly and indirectly (through external shame and shame coping strategies) linked with psychopathic traits. The model explained psychopathic traits in forensic and community samples, though differences in some of the pathways were found across groups. Findings offer support for conceptualizing psychopathic traits as an adaptive strategy to cope with the impact of harsh rearing experiences, opening new pathways to prevention and intervention efforts.

Factor Structure and Invariance of an Adolescent Risks and Needs Assessment

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Strand ◽  
Chad M. Gotch ◽  
Brian F. French ◽  
Jessica L. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Outcomes ◽  
General Factor ◽  
School Students ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Youth At Risk ◽  
Specific Factors

The Washington Assessment of Risks and Needs of Students is a youth self-report screening instrument developed for use by high school and juvenile court personnel faced with the legal and practical challenges of high truancy and dropout rates. It purports to measure six facets of risks and needs of youth relevant to improving school outcomes. In this study, a bifactor model measuring a general factor and six specific factors was examined for fit and invariance across different groups defined by sex and race/ethnicity, with a sample of court-petitioned high school students ( N = 937; ages 13-17 years). The results of multigroup confirmatory factor analysis revealed an essentially invariant bifactor structure across the groups. Further analysis of reliability support the use of the general factor to guide decision making for youth at risk for truancy and school failure, and scores deriving from the six specific factors as providing insight on specific areas of risk and need.

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