Targeted Optical Neural Stimulation: A New Era for Personalized Medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 107385842110570
Author(s):  
An Ping ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
Jianmin Zhang ◽  
Kedi Xu ◽  
Kenneth E. Schriver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Neural Stimulation ◽  
Optical Stimulation ◽  
New Era ◽  
Thermal Transients ◽  
Current State ◽  
Optical Tools ◽  
Infrared Neural Stimulation ◽  
Optical Neural Stimulation ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Targeted optical neural stimulation comprises infrared neural stimulation and optogenetics, which affect the nervous system through induced thermal transients and activation of light-sensitive proteins, respectively. The main advantage of this pair of optical tools is high functional selectivity, which conventional electrical stimulation lacks. Over the past 15 years, the mechanism, safety, and feasibility of optical stimulation techniques have undergone continuous investigation and development. When combined with other methods like optical imaging and high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging, the translation of optical stimulation to clinical practice adds high value. We review the theoretical foundations and current state of optical stimulation, with a particular focus on infrared neural stimulation as a potential bridge linking optical stimulation to personalized medicine.

scholarly journals Current State of “Omics” Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beste Turanli ◽  
Esra Yildirim ◽  
Gizem Gulfidan ◽  
Kazim Yalcin Arga ◽  
Raghu Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Postoperative Recurrence ◽  
Molecular Biomarkers ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Screening ◽  
The Future

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths related to late diagnosis, poor survival rates, and high incidence of metastasis. Unfortunately, pancreatic cancer is predicted to become the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the future. Therefore, diagnosis at the early stages of pancreatic cancer for initial diagnosis or postoperative recurrence is a great challenge, as well as predicting prognosis precisely in the context of biomarker discovery. From the personalized medicine perspective, the lack of molecular biomarkers for patient selection confines tailored therapy options, including selecting drugs and their doses or even diet. Currently, there is no standardized pancreatic cancer screening strategy using molecular biomarkers, but CA19-9 is the most well known marker for the detection of pancreatic cancer. In contrast, recent innovations in high-throughput techniques have enabled the discovery of specific biomarkers of cancers using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, and metagenomics. Panels combining CA19-9 with other novel biomarkers from different “omics” levels might represent an ideal strategy for the early detection of pancreatic cancer. The systems biology approach may shed a light on biomarker identification of pancreatic cancer by integrating multi-omics approaches. In this review, we provide background information on the current state of pancreatic cancer biomarkers from multi-omics stages. Furthermore, we conclude this review on how multi-omics data may reveal new biomarkers to be used for personalized medicine in the future.

Laser source development for infrared neural stimulation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Keller ◽  
James W. Stafford ◽  
Ryan C. Stafford ◽  
Bryan J. Norton ◽  
Jonathon D. Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Stimulation ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Infrared Neural Stimulation

Actual Issues оf Bilingual Hungarian-Bulgarian Lexicography

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Lilyana Lesnichkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Academic English ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Selection Of

The article focuses on the presentation of the Hungarian-Bulgarian valence dictionary, which is currently in preparation, against the background of an extremely actual task – the creation of an academic English-Bulgarian dictionary, adequately reflecting the current state of vocabulary in both languages. The author substantiates the need for such a dictionary, given the lack of general and specialized Hungarian-Bulgarian dictionaries, based on the theoretical foundations and principles of modern lexicography. Outlined are the main features of the dictionary, the specificities and approaches in the work of its compilation. The selection of material and the methods of its presentation are in accordance with the practical needs of learners of Hungarian as a foreign language.

scholarly journals Personalized Medicine in Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Md Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Molecular Alteration ◽  
New Era ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Current and emerging biomedical science efforts are driven by determining how to improve clini-cal outcomes for patients. High-throughput tech-nology has revolutionized the area of transla-tional research, confirming the high complexity and heterogeneity of common diseases, partic-ularly cancer. Therefore, moving from ‘classic’ single-gene-based molecular investigation to molecular network research might result in dis-covering clinical implications faster and more efficiently .Molecular characterization of tumour cells enables refinement of classifications for many cancers and can sometimes guide treatment. Malignant diseases are no longer classified only by tumour site and histology but are separated into various homogenous molecular subtypes, distinguished by a presumed key molecular alteration. Therapies for patients with cancer have changed gradually over the past decade, moving away from the administration of broadly acting cytotoxic drugs towards the use of more-specific therapies that are targeted to each tumour. To facilitate this shift, tests need to be developed to identify those individuals who require therapy and those who are most likely to benefit from certain therapies. In particular, tests that predict the clinical outcome for patients on the basis of the genes expressed by their tumours are likely to increasingly affect patient management, heralding a new era of personalized medicine. In this review a brief discussion on definition and molecular aspects of personalized medicine and its practical application for the management of common solid cancers are highlighted.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 153-163

scholarly journals A Lab Model for Symptom Exaggeration: What do we Need?

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella J. M. Niesten ◽  
Harald Merckelbach ◽  
Alfons Van Impelen ◽  
Marko Jelicic ◽  
Angel Manderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Current State ◽  
Symptom Exaggeration ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This article reflects on the current state of the art in research on individuals who exaggerate their symptoms (i.e., feigning). We argue that the most commonly used approach in this field, namely simply providing research participants with instructions to overreport symptoms, is valuable for validating measures that tap into symptom exaggeration, but is less suitable for addressing the theoretical foundations of feigning. That is, feigning serves to actively mislead others and is done deliberately. These characteristics produce experiences (e.g., feelings of guilt) in individuals who feign that lab research in its current form is unable to accommodate for. Paradigms that take these factors into account may not only yield more ecologically valid data, but may also stimulate a shift from the study of how to detect feigning to more fundamental issues. One such issue is the cognitive dissonance (e.g., feelings of guilt) that – in some cases – accompanies feigning and that may foster internalized fabrications. We present three studies (N's = 78, 60, and 54) in which we tried to abate current issues and discuss their merits for future research.

Diversity in the Workplace: A Review, Synthesis, and Future Research Agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinetta M. Roberson
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Workforce Diversity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Current State ◽  
Diversity In The Workplace ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Fueled by socioeconomic trends that changed the composition of organizational workforces, the term workforce diversity was coined in the 1990s. Since then, both researchers and practitioners have strived (and struggled) to understand the concept, its effects in and on organizations, and strategies for managing such effects. In this article, I provide an overview and interpretation of the current literature to examine its purpose, progress, and direction. Highlighting key conceptualizations of the construct, theoretical foundations, and empirical findings on diversity and diversity management, I discuss the evolution and current state of the field and synthesize this information to propose a future research agenda. In doing so, I seek to identify theoretical, empirical, and practice areas of opportunity for advancing scientific knowledge about the meaning, substance, and outcomes of diversity as well as the implementation of diversity science in organizations.

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