scholarly journals To Vaccinate or Not? The Role Played by Uncertainty Communication on Public Understanding and Behavior Regarding COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 107554702110636
Author(s):  
Nicole C. Kelp ◽  
Jessica K. Witt ◽  
Gayathri Sivakumar

Communication regarding COVID-19 vaccines requires evidence-based strategies. We present findings from a quantitative survey measuring participants’ understanding, trust, and decision-making in response to information conveying low or high uncertainty regarding the vaccine. Communication conveying high uncertainty led to lower self-assessed understanding but higher actual understanding of possible outcomes. Communication conveying low uncertainty increased vaccine acceptance by those who previously opposed vaccines. This indicates that communicating uncertainty may have different effects over time and that adjusting messaging depending on audiences’ prior vaccine attitudes might be important. These findings support the need for further investigation of how uncertainty communication influences vaccine acceptance.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiq Handayani Rinuastuti ◽  
Rusdan Rusdan ◽  
Junaidi Sagir ◽  
Darwini Darwini

This research aim is to get a depth understanding to the potential of difference in shopping style related to the culture orientation to avoid uncertainty in the tourist group. This research was conducted in three tourist sites, namely: Senggigi Beach, Gili Terawangan, and Kuta Beach. With Manova analysis known that tourists who have high uncertainty avoidance orientation tend to have decision-making style that prioritizes; quality, value, well-known brand, loyal to the brand, and confusion because of the many options. While at Travelers who have low uncertainty avoidance orientation tend to have a decision-making style that characterized expenditure: fashion consciousness, orientation recreational, and impulsive. By knowing the relationship between uncertainty avoidance cultural orientation and style tourist spending will bring enormous benefits to the tourism industry and government in promoting the activities of tourist spending, especially for the domestic market segment. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap potensi perbedaan gaya belanja yang terkait dengan orientasi budaya untuk menghindari ketidakpastian dalam kelompok wisatawan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga lokasi wisata, yaitu : senggigi beach, termasuk gili terawangan dan pantai kuta. Dengan analisis manova tahu bahwa wisatawan yang memiliki ketidakpastian tinggi penghindaran orientasi cenderung memiliki gaya pengambilan keputusan yang mengutamakan; kualitas, nilai, merek terkenal, setia kepada merek dan kebingungan karena banyaknya pilihan. Sementara pada wisatawan yang memiliki orientasi penghindaran ketidakpastian rendah cenderung memiliki keputusan-membuat gaya yang dicirikan pengeluaran : Mode kesadaran, orientasi rekreasi dan impulsif. Dengan mengetahui hubungan antara ketidakpastian penghindaran budaya orientasi dan gaya pengeluaran wisata akan membawa manfaat besar bagi industri pariwisata dan pemerintah dalam mempromosikan kegiatan wisata belanja, terutama untuk pasar domestik segmen.Keywords :Shopping style, uncertainty avoidance, domestic travelers


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Azarpanah ◽  
Mohsen Farhadloo ◽  
Rustam Vahidov ◽  
Louise Pilote

Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy has been a growing challenge for public health in recent decades. Among factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy, concerns regarding vaccine safety and Adverse Events (AEs) play the leading role. Moreover, cognitive biases are critical in connecting such concerns to vaccine hesitancy behaviors, but their role has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, our first objective is to address concerns regarding vaccine AEs to increase vaccine acceptance. Our second objective is to identify the potential cognitive biases connecting vaccine hesitancy concerns to vaccine-hesitant behaviors and identify the mechanism they get triggered in the vaccine decision-making process. Methods First, to mitigate concerns regarding AEs, we quantitatively analyzed the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 2011 to 2018 and provided evidence regarding the non-severity of the AEs that can be used as a communicable summary to increase vaccine acceptance. Second, we focused on the vaccination decision-making process. We reviewed cognitive biases and vaccine hesitancy literature to identify the most potential cognitive biases that affect vaccine hesitancy and categorized them adopting the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM). Results Our results show that the top frequent AEs are expected mild reactions like injection site erythema (4.29%), pyrexia (3.66%), and injection site swelling (3.21%). 94.5% of the reports are not serious and the average population-based serious reporting rate over the 8 years was 25.3 reports per 1 million population. We also identified 15 potential cognitive biases that might affect people’s vaccination decision-making and nudge them toward vaccine hesitancy. We categorized these biases based on the factors that trigger them and discussed how they contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions This paper provided an evidence-based communicable summary of VAERS. As the most trusted sources of vaccine information, health practitioners can use this summary to provide evidence-based vaccine information to vaccine decision-makers (patients/parents) and mitigate concerns over vaccine safety and AEs. In addition, we identified 15 potential cognitive biases that might affect the vaccination decision-making process and nudge people toward vaccine hesitancy. Any plan, intervention, and message to increase vaccination uptake should be modified to decrease the effect of these potential cognitive biases.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Grzegorz M. Malinowski

The purpose of this article is primarily to introduce the topic of scientific uncertainty to the wider context of economics and management. Scientific uncertainty is one of the manifestations of irreducible uncertainty and reflection on it should enable better decision making. An entity that bases its operation on current scientific research, which depreciates over time and ultimately leads to erroneous decisions, is referred to as the “loser”. The text indicates estimation of potential scale of this problem supplemented by an outline of sociological difficulties identified in the analysis of the process of building scientific statements. The article ends with a sketch of the answer to the question “how to act in the context of scientific uncertainty?”.


Author(s):  
William K. Hallman

Modern conceptions of science literacy include knowledge of science facts; a grasp of scientific methods, norms, and practices; awareness of current discoveries and controversies involving science and refinement of the ability to comprehend and evaluate their implications; the capability to assess the priorities and actions of scientific institutions; and the capacity to engage in civic discourse and decision-making with regard to specific issues involving science. Advocates of increased science literacy maintain that widespread public understanding of science benefits individuals, culture, society, the economy, the nation, democracy, and science itself. This chapter argues that the relatively crude measures currently employed to assess science literacy are insufficient to demonstrate these outcomes. It is difficult to know whether these benefits are real and are independent of greater levels of education. Existing measures should be supplanted by multidimensional scales that are parsimonious, easy to administer, reliable, and valid over time and across cultures.


2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene J. Krouse

Contemporary medical practice is grounded in rigorous scientific evidence in concert with best clinical practices and informed shared decision making with patients. During these times of uncertainty, disruption, and even anxiety, it becomes critical that we engage with our patients and communities in thoughtful dialogue and realistic expectations regarding treatments surrounding COVID-19. The hope for a “miracle” cure and urgency to return back to normal times can stimulate irrational thought and behavior and even desperate measures by individuals or groups. It becomes especially important that we continue to use reasonable, informed clinical judgment in discussing the various options with patients.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiq Handayani Rinuastuti ◽  
Rusdan Rusdan ◽  
Junaidi Sagir ◽  
Darwini Darwini

This research aim is to get a depth understanding to the potential of difference in shopping style related to the culture orientation to avoid uncertainty in the tourist group. This research was conducted in three tourist sites, namely: Senggigi Beach, Gili Terawangan, and Kuta Beach. With Manova analysis known that tourists who have high uncertainty avoidance orientation tend to have decision-making style that prioritizes; quality, value, well-known brand, loyal to the brand, and confusion because of the many options. While at Travelers who have low uncertainty avoidance orientation tend to have a decision-making style that characterized expenditure: fashion consciousness, orientation recreational, and impulsive. By knowing the relationship between uncertainty avoidance cultural orientation and style tourist spending will bring enormous benefits to the tourism industry and government in promoting the activities of tourist spending, especially for the domestic market segment. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap potensi perbedaan gaya belanja yang terkait dengan orientasi budaya untuk menghindari ketidakpastian dalam kelompok wisatawan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga lokasi wisata, yaitu : senggigi beach, termasuk gili terawangan dan pantai kuta. Dengan analisis manova tahu bahwa wisatawan yang memiliki ketidakpastian tinggi penghindaran orientasi cenderung memiliki gaya pengambilan keputusan yang mengutamakan; kualitas, nilai, merek terkenal, setia kepada merek dan kebingungan karena banyaknya pilihan. Sementara pada wisatawan yang memiliki orientasi penghindaran ketidakpastian rendah cenderung memiliki keputusan-membuat gaya yang dicirikan pengeluaran : Mode kesadaran, orientasi rekreasi dan impulsif. Dengan mengetahui hubungan antara ketidakpastian penghindaran budaya orientasi dan gaya pengeluaran wisata akan membawa manfaat besar bagi industri pariwisata dan pemerintah dalam mempromosikan kegiatan wisata belanja, terutama untuk pasar domestik segmen.Keywords:Shopping style, uncertainty avoidance, domestic travelers


2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M Somerville ◽  
Niki Chatzipanagiotou

Abstract Objective – In response to unrelenting disruptions in academic publishing and higher education ecosystems, the Informed Systems approach supports evidence based professional activities to make decisions and take actions. This conceptual paper presents two core models, Informed Systems Leadership Model and Collaborative Evidence-Based Information Process Model, whereby co-workers learn to make informed decisions by identifying the decisions to be made and the information required for those decisions. This is accomplished through collaborative design and iterative evaluation of workplace systems, relationships, and practices. Over time, increasingly effective and efficient structures and processes for using information to learn further organizational renewal and advance nimble responsiveness amidst dynamically changing circumstances. Methods – The integrated Informed Systems approach to fostering persistent workplace inquiry has its genesis in three theories that together activate and enable robust information usage and organizational learning. The information- and learning-intensive theories of Peter Checkland in England, which advance systems design, stimulate participants’ appreciation during the design process of the potential for using information to learn. Within a co-designed environment, intentional social practices continue workplace learning, described by Christine Bruce in Australia as informed learning enacted through information experiences. In addition, in Japan, Ikujiro Nonaka’s theories foster information exchange processes and knowledge creation activities within and across organizational units. In combination, these theories promote the kind of learning made possible through evolving and transferable capacity to use information to learn through design and usage of collaborative communication systems with associated professional practices. Informed Systems therein draws from three antecedent theories to create an original theoretical approach. Results – Over time and with practice, as co-workers design and enact information-focused and evidence based learning experiences, they learn the way to decision-making and action-taking. Increasingly more complex experiences of information exchange, sense making, and knowledge creation, well supported by workplace communication systems and professional practices, further dialogue and reflection and thereby enrich analysis and interpretation of complexities and interdependencies. Conclusions - Research projects and evaluation studies conducted since 2003 demonstrate the transformative potential of the holistic Informed Systems approach to creating robust workplace learning environments. Leaders are responsible for design of workplace environments supportive of well contextualized, information-rich conversations. Co-workers revisit both the nature of organizational information and the purpose of organizational work. As colleagues better understand the complexities of the organization and its situation, they learn to diagnose problems and identify consequences, guided by Informed Systems models. Systemic activity and process models activate collaborative evidence based information processes within enabling conditions for thought leadership and workplace learning that recognize learning is social. Enabling communication systems and professional practices therefore intentionally catalyze and support collegial inquiry to co-create information experiences and organizational knowledge through evidence based practice to enliven capacity, inform decisions, produce improvements, and sustain relationships. The Informed Systems approach is thereby a contribution to professional practice and workplace renewal through evidence based decision-making and action-taking in contemporary organizations.


Author(s):  
Hasbi Noris Sigara

Group Development is a term used to indicate the patterns in the way groups of people change over time and make decisions. The study of group developments can be useful in speaking classroom especially in observing adult learners’ behaviors.  Furthermore, it is also beneficial in understanding the process of decision making in group behavior especially in regarding speaking ability as one of the measurements in knowing someone’s language proficiency. People tend to consider speaking as the most important skill that they can acquire and they can assess their progress in communication. This article discusses on how group development create interaction and behavior decision in speaking classroom for adult learners.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie F. Reyna ◽  
David A. Broniatowski

Abstract Gilead et al. offer a thoughtful and much-needed treatment of abstraction. However, it fails to build on an extensive literature on abstraction, representational diversity, neurocognition, and psychopathology that provides important constraints and alternative evidence-based conceptions. We draw on conceptions in software engineering, socio-technical systems engineering, and a neurocognitive theory with abstract representations of gist at its core, fuzzy-trace theory.


2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
Jeri A. Logemann

Evidence-based practice requires astute clinicians to blend our best clinical judgment with the best available external evidence and the patient's own values and expectations. Sometimes, we value one more than another during clinical decision-making, though it is never wise to do so, and sometimes other factors that we are unaware of produce unanticipated clinical outcomes. Sometimes, we feel very strongly about one clinical method or another, and hopefully that belief is founded in evidence. Some beliefs, however, are not founded in evidence. The sound use of evidence is the best way to navigate the debates within our field of practice.


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