Addressing Intimate Partner Violence Among Female Clients Accessing HIV Testing and Counseling Services: Pilot Testing Tools in Rakai, Uganda

The World Health Organization recommends that HIV counseling and testing (HCT) programs implement strategies to address how intimate partner violence (IPV) influences women’s ability to protect themselves from and seek care and treatment for HIV infection. We discuss the process used to adapt a screening and brief intervention (SBI) for female clients of HCT services in Rakai, Uganda—a setting with high prevalence of both HIV and IPV. By outlining our collaborative process for adapting and implementing the SBI in Rakai and training counselors for its use, we hope other HCT programs will consider replicating the approach in their settings.

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Intimate partner violence

Oxford Textbook of Public Mental Health ◽

10.1093/med/9780198792994.003.0049 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 465-476

Author(s):

Carmen Wong ◽

Wai Ching Ng ◽

Hua Zhong ◽

Anne Scully-Hill

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Psychological Harm ◽

And Gender ◽

Health Organization ◽

Internal And External Factors

Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to any action that causes physical, sexual, and psychological harm by intimate partners, which includes domestic violence. This chapter gives a brief overview and details the prevalence, current theories, research, and evidence, including patriarchy and gender issues. IPV is complex, with internal and external factors relating to the victim, perpetrator, family, and the community. The long-term impacts on physical and mental health are reviewed. Recent direction by the World Health Organization describes a multi-level integrated approach, which is discussed topically in terms of individual, relational, and community prevention and intervention and its challenges. Finally, policies and laws relating to IPV are reviewed. This chapter has been written collaboratively by a multidisciplinary team of medical, social, and legal professionals.

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Categories and health impacts of intimate partner violence in the World Health Organization multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyaa220 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lucy C Potter ◽

Richard Morris ◽

Kelsey Hegarty ◽

Claudia García-Moreno ◽

Gene Feder

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Memory Loss ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

Country Study ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) damages health and is costly to families and society. Individuals experience different forms and combinations of IPV; better understanding of the respective health effects of these can help develop differentiated responses. This study explores the associations of different categories of IPV on women’s mental and physical health. Methods Using data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence, multilevel mixed effects logistic regression modelling was used to analyse associations between categories of abuse (physical IPV alone, psychological IPV alone, sexual IPV alone, combined physical and psychological IPV, and combined sexual with psychological and/or physical IPV) with measures of physical and mental health, including self-reported symptoms, suicidal thoughts and attempts, and nights in hospital. Results Countries varied in prevalence of different categories of IPV. All categories of IPV were associated with poorer health outcomes; the two combined abuse categories were the most damaging. The most common category was combined abuse involving sexual IPV, which was associated with the poorest health [attempted suicide: odds ratio (OR): 10.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.37-13.89, thoughts of suicide: 8.47, 7.03-10.02, memory loss: 2.93, 2.41-3.56]. Combined psychological and physical IPV was associated with the next poorest outcomes (attempted suicide: 5.67, 4.23-7.60, thoughts of suicide: 4.41, 3.63-5.37, memory loss: 2.33, 1.88-2.87-). Conclusions Understanding the prevalence and health impact of different forms and categories of IPV is crucial to risk assessment, tailoring responses to individuals and planning services. Previous analyses that focused on singular forms of IPV likely underestimated the more harmful impacts of combined forms of abuse.

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Exploring Intimate Partner Violence Status Among Male Veterans and Associated Health Outcomes

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988313492558 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 66-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Catherine Cerulli ◽

Robert M. Bossarte ◽

Melissa E. Dichter

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Health Consequences ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Veteran Status ◽

Health Organization

The World Health Organization has identified intimate partner violence (IPV) as a public health issue affecting both men and women, though significantly more information is available regarding female victimization. This study examines IPV through the lens of male victimization, focusing on a comparison of physical and mental health consequences among men who are and are not military veterans. Results from a secondary analysis of data from the Behavior Risk Factor Survey taken by 13,765 males indicated that all males, regardless of veteran status, should be screened for IPV victimization given the prevalence reported in this sample (9.5% to 12.5%). Furthermore, it was found that veteran status did affect prevalence of particular health consequences, such as depression, smoking, and binge drinking. Based on the specific comparisons examined in this study, implications for Veteran’s Administration Health Services are discussed, as is the need for more research on IPV victimization rates for men and the particular health consequences that they suffer.

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Fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud para responder a las mujeres que sufren violencia de pareja o violencia sexual. Manual para gerentes de salud.

10.37774/9789275322468 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Health Systems ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

El Sistema ◽

Las Mujeres ◽

Health Organization

El siguiente manual está dirigido a los gerentes del Sistema de Salud, en todos los niveles. Se basa en las directrices del 2013 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para dar respuesta a la violencia de pareja y a la violencia sexual contra las mujeres. Este manual utiliza los elementos fundamentales de los sitemas de salud según la OMS, descritos en el marco de acción para el fortalicimiento de los sistemas de salud. Y junto con el manual clínico complementario contribuye a la ejecución del componente de salud del Programa Mundial Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre Servicios Esenciales para las mujeres y las niñas víctimas de la violencia. Su finalidad es fortaecer a los sistemas de salud para que puedan prestar a las sobrevivientes de la violencia servicios confidenciales, eficaces y centrados en la mujer. La violencia daña la salud de las mujeres de muchas formas, tanto inmediatas como a largo plazo, tanto evidentes como ocultas. Puede incluir violencia física, sexual y psíquica. Los actos de violencia pueden ser cometidos por la pareja o, en caso de la violencia sexual por cualquier agresor. El manual se centra en la violencia que ejercen los hombres contra las mujeres, en particular la violencia de pareja y la agresión sexual, que permanencen ocultas y, a menudo, pasan desapercibidas para el sistema de salud. Los usuarios propuestos para este manual son los gerentes de salud en todos los niveles que tienen la responsabilidad de diseñar, planificar o gestionar servicios de salud para las mujeres, entre ellas las que han sufrido violencia. Versión oficial en español de la obra original en inglés: Strengthening health systems to respond to women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence: a manual for health managers. © World Health Organization 2017. ISBN: 978-92-4-151300-5.

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The Psychometric Properties of the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF Among Thai Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence

Journal of Nursing Measurement ◽

10.1891/1061-3749.25.3.389 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 389-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ratchneewan Ross ◽

Ghada Shahrour ◽

Andrea Warner Stidham ◽

Douglas Delahanty

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

World Health Organization Quality ◽

The World ◽

Organization Quality ◽

Health Organization

Background and Purpose: The World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) has been used in various populations and cultures. However, its psychometric properties are unknown among women who experienced intimate partner violence (WIPV). This study aimed to explore the reliability and validity of the WHOQOL-BREF among Thai WIPV. Methods: Two hundred eighty-four female patients receiving care at a northeast hospital in Thailand responded to the WHOQOL-BREF and intimate partner violence (IPV) questions. Exploratory factor and consistency analyses were applied. Results: Different from the original study, this study generated 5 factors, 1 of which is Medical Care Needs. The resulting scale and subscales showed good reliability and construct validity. Conclusion: The 5-factor scale can be used among WIPV by health care professionals to assess their quality of life (QOL) and appropriately address their needs.

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Women survivors of intimate partner violence: the difficult transition to independence

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP ◽

10.1590/s0080-623420140000600002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (spe) ◽

pp. 07-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Neto da Cruz Leitão

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Women Survivors ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Transition Process ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

Ethical Guidelines ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Relationship ◽

Depth Interviews

Objective To understand the trajectories that women go through from entering into to leaving relationships involving intimate partner violence (IPV), and identify the stages of the transition process. Method We utilized a constructivist paradigm based on grounded theory. We ensured that the ethical guidelines of the World Health Organization for research on domestic violence were followed. The analysis focused on narratives of 28 women survivors of IPV, obtained from in-depth interviews. Results The results showed that the trajectories experienced by women were marked by gender issues, (self) silencing, hope and suffering, which continued after the end of the IPV. Conclusion The transition process consists of four stages: entry - falls in love and becomes trapped; maintenance - silences own self, consents and remains in the relationship; decides to leave - faces the problems and struggles to be rescued; (re) balance - (re) finds herself with a new life. This (long) process was developed by wanting (and being able to have) self-determination.

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Perpetration and Victimization of Intimate Partner Violence Among Young Men and Women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260515625910 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (16) ◽

pp. 2486-2511 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Marta Mulawa ◽

Lusajo J. Kajula ◽

Thespina J. Yamanis ◽

Peter Balvanz ◽

Mrema N. Kilonzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Dar Es Salaam ◽

World Health ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Men And Women ◽

Younger Women ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Health Organization

We describe and compare the baseline rates of victimization and perpetration of three forms of intimate partner violence (IPV)—psychological, physical, and sexual—among sexually active men ( n = 1,113) and women ( n = 226) enrolled in an ongoing cluster-randomized HIV and gender-based violence prevention trial in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. IPV was measured using a modified version of the World Health Organization Violence Against Women instrument. We assess the degree to which men and women report overlapping forms of IPV victimization and perpetration. Sociodemographic and other factors associated with increased risk of victimization and perpetration of IPV are examined. Within the last 12 months, 34.8% of men and 35.8% of women reported any form of IPV victimization. Men were more likely than women to report perpetrating IPV (27.6% vs. 14.6%, respectively). We also found high rates of co-occurrence of IPV victimization and perpetration with 69.7% of male perpetrators and 81.8% of female perpetrators also reporting victimization during the last year. Among men, having ever consumed alcohol and experiencing childhood violence were associated with increased risk of most forms of IPV. Younger women were more likely to report perpetrating IPV than older women. We found evidence of gender symmetry with regard to most forms of IPV victimization, but men reported higher rates of IPV perpetration than women. Given the substantial overlap between victimization and perpetration reported, our findings suggest that IPV may be bidirectional within relationships in this setting and warrant further investigation. Implications for interventions are discussed.

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Intimate Partner Violence: A Literature Review

The Open Psychology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874350102114010011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

Erick D.A. Yonfa ◽

Malinda Fasol ◽

Camila M. Cueva ◽

Anna C. Zavgorodniaya

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Cultural Change ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

Future Research ◽

Specific Information ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Health Organization

Background: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a complex issue that appears to be more prevalent in developing nations. Many factors contribute to this problem. Objective: This article aimed to review and synthesize available knowledge on the subject of Intimate Partner Violence. It provides specific information that fills the knowledge gap noted in more global reports by the World Health Organization. Methods: A literature search was conducted in English and Spanish in EBSCO and Scopus and included the keywords “Intimate, Partner, Violence, IPV.” The articles included in this review cover the results of empirical studies published from 2004 to 2020. Results: The results show that IPV is associated with cultural, socioeconomic, and educational influences. Childhood experiences also appear to contribute to the development of this problem. Conclusion: Only a few studies are focusing on empirically validated interventions to solve IPV. Well-implemented cultural change strategies appear to be a solution to the problem of IPV. Future research should focus on examining the results of strategies or interventions aimed to solve the problem of IPV.

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Mental Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in El Salvador

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801220978803 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107780122097880

Author(s):

Laura Navarro-Mantas ◽

Soledad de Lemus ◽

Jesús L. Megías

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

El Salvador ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

The Impact

Violence against women (VAW) is currently one of the main problems in El Salvador, which leads the ranking of femicides in the world. We conducted the first national survey on VAW in El Salvador following the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology, to determine the impact of violence on women’s mental health ( N = 1,274). Women who had experienced intimate partner violence showed significantly poorer mental health and more suicidal ideations. Common mental disorders were significantly associated with the experience of all forms of violence, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and stressful life experiences. The results are discussed in connection with the primary care protocols and the design of public policies.

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R.E.S.P.e.c.T and intimate partner violence: a cross-sectional study using DHS data in Kenya

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44781/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Caleb L Ward ◽

Siobán D Harlow

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Summary Score ◽

Wife Beating ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negatively Associated

Abstract Background Thirty percent of all women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the World Health Organization’s (WHO) novel R.E.S.P.E.C.T framework for intervention and IPV prevalence among women in Kenya. Methods We used the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS). Only women selected for the domestic violence module and who were married/living with their partner were eligible for this study (n=3,737). We created a summary score for each strategy denoted by R.E.S.P.T based on availability of questions addressing these strategies in the KDHS, and a total score that summed responses across all strategies. Each letter was assessed with Cronbach’s Alpha. Multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between R.E.S.P.T scores and IPV.Results All strategies except for E lowered the odds of IPV. Decision-making (R) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.62 [0.53-0.72]). Land and property ownership (E) were positively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 1.25 [1.08-1.43]). Access to health care (S) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.55 [0.48-0.63]). Higher levels of wealth (P) were negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.47 [0.37-0.62]). Not justifying wife-beating in any scenario (T) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.39 [0.29-0.53]). After adjusting for demographics, a 1-unit increase in total R.E.S.P.T score was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (AOR= 0.63 [0.57-0.70]) with a similar finding for IPV in the past 12 months (AOR = 0.59 [0.53-0.66]). Younger age, higher education, and Muslim religion were associated with decreased odds of experiencing IPV while living in a rural location and working were associated with increased odds of experiencing IPV.Conclusions Our study provides initial evidence that by implementing the multi-strategy R.E.S.P.E.C.T framework, countries can dramatically lower the odds of women experiencing IPV. The DHS can be used as a tool to monitor implementation and efficacy of this novel strategy.

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